chore: Bumps version to v1.20.0 and updates CHANGELOG.md

Co-authored-by: Ankur Sharma <ankusharma@google.com>
PiperOrigin-RevId: 839930279

.github/workflows/analyze-releases-for-adk-docs-updates.yml

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.11'
 

.github/workflows/check-file-contents.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 

.github/workflows/copybara-pr-handler.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check for Copybara commits and close PRs
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.ADK_TRIAGE_AGENT }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/discussion_answering.yml

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.11'
 

.github/workflows/isort.yml

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.x'
 

.github/workflows/pr-triage.yml

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.11'
 

.github/workflows/pyink.yml

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.x'
 

.github/workflows/python-unit-tests.yml

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
@@ -48,14 +48,6 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run unit tests with pytest
       run: |
         source .venv/bin/activate
-        if [[ "${{ matrix.python-version }}" == "3.9" ]]; then
-          pytest tests/unittests \
-            --ignore=tests/unittests/a2a \
-            --ignore=tests/unittests/tools/mcp_tool \
-            --ignore=tests/unittests/artifacts/test_artifact_service.py \
-            --ignore=tests/unittests/tools/google_api_tool/test_googleapi_to_openapi_converter.py
-        else
-          pytest tests/unittests \
-            --ignore=tests/unittests/artifacts/test_artifact_service.py \
-            --ignore=tests/unittests/tools/google_api_tool/test_googleapi_to_openapi_converter.py
-        fi
+        pytest tests/unittests \
+          --ignore=tests/unittests/artifacts/test_artifact_service.py \
+          --ignore=tests/unittests/tools/google_api_tool/test_googleapi_to_openapi_converter.py

.github/workflows/stale-bot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: ADK Stale Issue Auditor
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+  schedule:
+    # This runs at 6:00 AM UTC (10 PM PST)
+    - cron: '0 6 * * *'
+
+jobs:
+  audit-stale-issues:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      contents: read
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.11'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install requests google-adk
+
+      - name: Run Auditor Agent Script
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ADK_TRIAGE_AGENT }}
+          GOOGLE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_API_KEY }}
+          OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          REPO: adk-python
+          CONCURRENCY_LIMIT: 3
+          LLM_MODEL_NAME: "gemini-2.5-flash"
+          PYTHONPATH: contributing/samples
+
+        run: python -m adk_stale_agent.main

.github/workflows/triage.yml

@@ -2,21 +2,32 @@ name: ADK Issue Triaging Agent
 
 on:
   issues:
-    types: [opened, reopened]
+    types: [opened, labeled]
+  schedule:
+    # Run every 6 hours to triage untriaged issues
+    - cron: '0 */6 * * *'
 
 jobs:
   agent-triage-issues:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Run for:
+    # - Scheduled runs (batch processing)
+    # - New issues (need component labeling)
+    # - Issues labeled with "planned" (need owner assignment)
+    if: >-
+      github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
+      github.event.action == 'opened' ||
+      github.event.label.name == 'planned'
     permissions:
       issues: write
       contents: read
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.11'
 
@@ -30,8 +41,8 @@ jobs:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ADK_TRIAGE_AGENT }}
           GOOGLE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_API_KEY }}
           GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI: 0
-          OWNER: 'google'
-          REPO: 'adk-python'
+          OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          REPO: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
           INTERACTIVE: 0
           EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }} # 'issues', 'schedule', etc.
           ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}

.github/workflows/upload-adk-docs-to-vertex-ai-search.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Clone adk-docs repository
         run: git clone https://github.com/google/adk-docs.git /tmp/adk-docs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git clone https://github.com/google/adk-python.git /tmp/adk-python
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.11'
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,146 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [1.20.0](https://github.com/google/adk-python/compare/v1.19.0...v1.20.0) (2025-12-01)
+
+
+### Features
+* **[Core]**
+  * Add enum constraint to `agent_name` for `transfer_to_agent` ([4a42d0d](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/4a42d0d9d81b7aab98371427f70a7707dbfb8bc4))
+  * Add validation for unique sub-agent names ([#3557](https://github.com/google/adk-python/issues/3557)) ([2247a45](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/2247a45922afdf0a733239b619f45601d9b325ec))
+  * Support streaming function call arguments in progressive SSE streaming feature ([786aaed](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/786aaed335e1ce64b7e92dff2f4af8316b2ef593))
+
+* **[Models]**
+  * Enable multi-provider support for Claude and LiteLLM ([d29261a](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/d29261a3dc9c5a603feef27ea657c4a03bb8a089))
+
+* **[Tools]**
+  * Create APIRegistryToolset to add tools from Cloud API registry to agent ([ec4ccd7](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/ec4ccd718feeadeb6b2b59fcc0e9ff29a4fd0bac))
+  * Add an option to disallow propagating runner plugins to AgentTool runner ([777dba3](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/777dba3033a9a14667fb009ba017f648177be41d))
+
+* **[Web]**
+  * Added an endpoint to list apps with details ([b57fe5f](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/b57fe5f4598925ec7592917bb32c7f0d6eca287a))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Allow image parts in user messages for Anthropic Claude ([5453b5b](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/5453b5bfdedc91d9d668c9eac39e3bb009a7bbbf))
+* Mark the Content as non-empty if its first part contains text or inline_data or file_data or func call/response ([631b583](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/631b58336d36bfd93e190582be34069613d38559))
+* Fixes double response processing issue in `base_llm_flow.py` where, in Bidi-streaming (live) mode, the multi-agent structure causes duplicated responses after tool calling. ([cf21ca3](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/cf21ca358478919207049695ba6b31dc6e0b2673))
+* Fix out of bounds error in _run_async_impl ([8fc6128](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/8fc6128b62ba576480d196d4a2597564fd0a7006))
+* Fix paths for public docs ([cd54f48](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/cd54f48fed0c87b54fb19743c9c75e790c5d9135))
+* Ensure request bodies without explicit names are named 'body' ([084c2de](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/084c2de0dac84697906e2b4beebf008bbd9ae8e1)), closes [#2213](https://github.com/google/adk-python/issues/2213)
+* Optimize Stale Agent with GraphQL and Search API to resolve 429 Quota errors ([cb19d07](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/cb19d0714c90cd578551753680f39d8d6076c79b))
+* Update AgentTool to use Agent's description when input_schema is provided in FunctionDeclaration ([52674e7](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/52674e7fac6b7689f0e3871d41c4523e13471a7e))
+* Update LiteLLM system instruction role from "developer" to "system" ([2e1f730](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/2e1f730c3bc0eb454b76d7f36b7b9f1da7304cfe)), closes [#3657](https://github.com/google/adk-python/issues/3657)
+* Update session last update time when appending events ([a3e4ad3](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a3e4ad3cd130714affcaa880f696aeb498cd93af)), closes [#2721](https://github.com/google/adk-python/issues/2721)
+* Update the retry_on_closed_resource decorator to retry on all errors ([a3aa077](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a3aa07722a7de3e08807e86fd10f28938f0b267d))
+* Windows Path Handling and Normalize Cross-Platform Path Resolution in AgentLoader ([a1c09b7](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a1c09b724bb37513eaabaff9643eeaa68014f14d))
+
+
+### Documentation
+
+* Add Code Wiki badge to README ([caf23ac](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/caf23ac49fe08bc7f625c61eed4635c26852c3ba))
+
+
+## [1.19.0](https://github.com/google/adk-python/compare/v1.18.0...v1.19.0) (2025-11-19)
+
+### Features
+
+* **[Core]**
+  * Add `id` and `custom_metadata` fields to `MemoryEntry` ([4dd28a3](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/4dd28a3970d0f76c571caf80b3e1bea1b79e9dde))
+  * Add progressive SSE streaming feature ([a5ac1d5](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a5ac1d5e14f5ce7cd875d81a494a773710669dc1))
+  * Add a2a_request_meta_provider to RemoteAgent init ([d12468e](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/d12468ee5a2b906b6699ccdb94c6a5a4c2822465))
+  * Add feature decorator for the feature registry system ([871da73](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/871da731f1c09c6a62d51b137d9d2e7c9fb3897a))
+  * Breaking: Raise minimum Python version to 3_10 ([8402832](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/840283228ee77fb3dbd737cfe7eb8736d9be5ec8))
+  * Refactor and rename BigQuery agent analytics plugin ([6b14f88](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/6b14f887262722ccb85dcd6cef9c0e9b103cfa6e))
+  * Pass custom_metadata through forwarding artifact service ([c642f13](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/c642f13f216fb64bc93ac46c1c57702c8a2add8c))
+  * Update save_files_as_artifacts_plugin to never keep inline data ([857de04](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/857de04debdeba421075c2283c9bd8518d586624))
+
+* **[Evals]**
+  * Add support for InOrder and AnyOrder match in ToolTrajectoryAvgScore Metric ([e2d3b2d](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/e2d3b2d862f7fc93807d16089307d4df25367a24))
+
+* **[Integrations]**
+  * Enhance BQ Plugin Schema, Error Handling, and Logging ([5ac5129](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/5ac5129fb01913516d6f5348a825ca83d024d33a))
+  * Schema Enhancements with Descriptions, Partitioning, and Truncation Indicator ([7c993b0](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/7c993b01d1b9d582b4e2348f73c0591d47bf2f3a))
+
+* **[Services]**
+  * Add file-backed artifact service ([99ca6aa](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/99ca6aa6e6b4027f37d091d9c93da6486def20d7))
+  * Add service factory for configurable session and artifact backends ([a12ae81](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a12ae812d367d2d00ab246f85a73ed679dd3828a))
+  * Add SqliteSessionService and a migration script to migrate existing DB using DatabaseSessionService to SqliteSessionService ([e218254](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/e2182544952c0174d1a8307fbba319456dca748b))
+  * Add transcription fields to session events ([3ad30a5](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/3ad30a58f95b8729f369d00db799546069d7b23a))
+  * Full async implementation of DatabaseSessionService ([7495941](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/74959414d8ded733d584875a49fb4638a12d3ce5))
+
+* **[Models]**
+  * Add experimental feature to use `parameters_json_schema` and `response_json_schema` for McpTool ([1dd97f5](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/1dd97f5b45226c25e4c51455c78ebf3ff56ab46a))
+  * Add support for parsing inline JSON tool calls in LiteLLM responses ([22eb7e5](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/22eb7e5b06c9e048da5bb34fe7ae9135d00acb4e))
+  * Expose artifact URLs to the model when available ([e3caf79](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/e3caf791395ce3cc0b10410a852be6e7b0d8d3b1))
+
+* **[Tools]**
+  * Add BigQuery related label handling ([ffbab4c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/ffbab4cf4ed6ceb313241c345751214d3c0e11ce))
+  * Allow setting max_billed_bytes in BigQuery tools config ([ffbb0b3](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/ffbb0b37e128de50ebf57d76cba8b743a8b970d5))
+  * Propagate `application_name` set for the BigQuery Tools as BigQuery job labels ([f13a11e](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/f13a11e1dc27c5aa46345154fbe0eecfe1690cbb))
+  * Set per-tool user agent in BQ calls and tool label in BQ jobs ([c0be1df](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/c0be1df0521cfd4b84585f404d4385b80d08ba59))
+
+* **[Observability]**
+  * Migrate BigQuery logging to Storage Write API ([a2ce34a](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a2ce34a0b9a8403f830ff637d0e2094e82dee8e7))
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Add `jsonschema` dependency for Agent Builder config validation ([0fa7e46](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/0fa7e4619d589dc834f7508a18bc2a3b93ec7fd9))
+* Add None check for `event` in `remote_a2a_agent.py` ([744f94f](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/744f94f0c8736087724205bbbad501640b365270))
+* Add vertexai initialization for code being deployed to AgentEngine ([b8e4aed](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/b8e4aedfbf0eb55b34599ee24e163b41072a699c))
+* Change LiteLLM content and tool parameter handling ([a19be12](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a19be12c1f04bb62a8387da686499857c24b45c0))
+* Change name for builder agent ([131d39c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/131d39c3db1ae25e3911fa7f72afbe05e24a1c37))
+* Ensure event compaction completes by awaiting task ([b5f5df9](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/b5f5df9fa8f616b855c186fcef45bade00653c77))
+* Fix deploy to cloud run on Windows ([29fea7e](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/29fea7ec1fb27989f07c90494b2d6acbe76c03d8))
+* Fix error handling when MCP server is unreachable ([ee8106b](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/ee8106be77f253e3687e72ae0e236687d254965c))
+* Fix error when query job destination is None ([0ccc43c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/0ccc43cf49dc0882dc896455d6603a602d8a28e7))
+* Fix Improve logic for checking if a MCP session is disconnected ([a754c96](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a754c96d3c4fd00f9c2cd924fc428b68cc5115fb))
+* Fix McpToolset crashing with anyio.BrokenResourceError ([8e0648d](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/8e0648df23d0694afd3e245ec4a3c41aa935120a))
+* Fix Safely handle `FunctionDeclaration` without a `required` attribute ([93aad61](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/93aad611983dc1daf415d3a73105db45bbdd1988))
+* Fix status code in error message in RestApiTool ([9b75456](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/9b754564b3cc5a06ad0c6ae2cd2d83082f9f5943))
+* Fix Use `async for` to loop through event iterator to get all events in vertex_ai_session_service ([9211f4c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/9211f4ce8cc6d918df314d6a2ff13da2e0ef35fa))
+* Fix: Fixes DeprecationWarning when using send method ([2882995](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/28829952890c39dbdb4463b2b67ff241d0e9ef6d))
+* Improve logic for checking if a MCP session is disconnected ([a48a1a9](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/a48a1a9e889d4126e6f30b56c93718dfbacef624))
+* Improve handling of partial and complete transcriptions in live calls ([1819ecb](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/1819ecb4b8c009d02581c2d060fae49cd7fdf653))
+* Keep vertex session event after the session update time ([0ec0195](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/0ec01956e86df6ae8e6553c70e410f1f8238ba88))
+* Let part converters also return multiple parts so they can support more usecases ([824ab07](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/824ab072124e037cc373c493f43de38f8b61b534))
+* Load agent/app before creating session ([236f562](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/236f562cd275f84837be46f7dfb0065f85425169))
+* Remove app name from FileArtifactService directory structure ([12db84f](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/12db84f5cd6d8b6e06142f6f6411f6b78ff3f177))
+* Remove hardcoded `google-cloud-aiplatform` version in agent engine requirements ([e15e19d](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/e15e19da05ee1b763228467e83f6f73e0eced4b5))
+* Stop updating write mode in the global settings during tool execution ([5adbf95](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/5adbf95a0ab0657dd7df5c4a6bac109d424d436e))
+* Update description for `load_artifacts` tool ([c485889](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/c4858896ff085bedcfbc42b2010af8bd78febdd0))
+
+### Improvements
+
+* Add BigQuery related label handling ([ffbab4c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/ffbab4cf4ed6ceb313241c345751214d3c0e11ce))
+* Add demo for rewind ([8eb1bdb](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/8eb1bdbc58dc709006988f5b6eec5fda25bd0c89))
+* Add debug logging for live connection ([5d5708b](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/5d5708b2ab26cb714556311c490b4d6f0a1f9666))
+* Add debug logging for missing function call events ([f3d6fcf](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/f3d6fcf44411d07169c14ae12189543f44f96c27))
+* Add default retry options as fall back to llm_request that are made during evals ([696852a](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/696852a28095a024cbe76413ee7617356e19a9e3))
+* Add plugin for returning GenAI Parts from tools into the model request ([116b26c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/116b26c33e166bf1a22964e2b67013907fbfcb80))
+* Add support for abstract types in AFC ([2efc184](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/2efc184a46173529bdfc622db0d6f3866e7ee778))
+* Add support for structured output schemas in LiteLLM models ([7ea4aed](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/7ea4aed35ba70ec5a38dc1b3b0a9808183c2bab1))
+* Add tests for `max_query_result_rows` in BigQuery tool config ([fd33610](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/fd33610e967ad814bc02422f5d14dae046bee833))
+* Add type hints in `cleanup_unused_files.py` ([2dea573](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/2dea5733b759a7a07d74f36a4d6da7b081afc732))
+* Add util to build our llms.txt and llms-full.txt files
+* ADK changes ([f1f4467](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/f1f44675e4a86b75e72cfd838efd8a0399f23e24))
+* Defer import of `google.cloud.storage` in `GCSArtifactService` ([999af55](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/999af5588005e7b29451bdbf9252265187ca992d))
+* Defer import of `live`, `Client` and `_transformers` in `google.genai` ([22c6dbe](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/22c6dbe83cd1a8900d0ac6fd23d2092f095189fa))
+* Enhance the messaging with possible fixes for RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED errors from Gemini ([b2c45f8](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/b2c45f8d910eb7bca4805c567279e65aff72b58a))
+* Improve gepa tau-bench colab for external use ([e02f177](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/e02f177790d9772dd253c9102b80df1a9418aa7f))
+* Improve gepa voter agent demo colab ([d118479](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/d118479ccf3a970ce9b24ac834b4b6764edb5de4))
+* Lazy import DatabaseSessionService in the adk/sessions/ module ([5f05749](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/5f057498a274d3b3db0be0866f04d5225334f54a))
+* Move adk_agent_builder_assistant to built_in_agents ([b2b7f2d](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/b2b7f2d6aa5b919a00a92abaf2543993746e939e))
+* Plumb memory service from LocalEvalService to EvaluationGenerator ([dc3f60c](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/dc3f60cc939335da49399a69c0b4abc0e7f25ea4))
+* Removes the unrealistic todo comment of visibility management ([e511eb1](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/e511eb1f70f2a3fccc9464ddaf54d0165db22feb))
+* Returns agent state regardless if ctx.is_resumable ([d6b928b](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/d6b928bdf7cdbf8f1925d4c5227c7d580093348e))
+* Stop logging the full content of LLM blobs ([0826755](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/082675546f501a70f4bc8969b9431a2e4808bd13))
+* Update ADK web to match main branch ([14e3802](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/14e3802643a2d8ce436d030734fafd163080a1ad))
+* Update agent instructions and retry limit in `plugin_reflect_tool_retry` sample ([01bac62](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/01bac62f0c14cce5d454a389b64a9f44a03a3673))
+* Update conformance test CLI to handle long-running tool calls ([dd706bd](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/dd706bdc4563a2a815459482237190a63994cb6f))
+* Update Gemini Live model names in live bidi streaming sample ([aa77834](https://github.com/google/adk-python/commit/aa77834e2ecd4b77dfb4e689ef37549b3ebd6134))
+
+
 ## [1.18.0](https://github.com/google/adk-python/compare/v1.17.0...v1.18.0) (2025-11-05)
 
 ### Features

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/google-adk)](https://pypi.org/project/google-adk/)
 [![Python Unit Tests](https://github.com/google/adk-python/actions/workflows/python-unit-tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/google/adk-python/actions/workflows/python-unit-tests.yml)
 [![r/agentdevelopmentkit](https://img.shields.io/badge/Reddit-r%2Fagentdevelopmentkit-FF4500?style=flat&logo=reddit&logoColor=white)](https://www.reddit.com/r/agentdevelopmentkit/)
-[![Ask DeepWiki](https://deepwiki.com/badge.svg)](https://deepwiki.com/google/adk-python)
+<a href="https://codewiki.google/github.com/google/adk-python"><img src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/boq-sdlc-agents-ui/_/r/Mvosg4klCA4.svg" alt="Ask Code Wiki" height="20"></a>
 
 <html>
     <h2 align="center">

contributing/samples/adk_stale_agent/PROMPT_INSTRUCTION.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+You are a highly intelligent repository auditor for '{OWNER}/{REPO}'.
+Your job is to analyze a specific issue and report findings before taking action.
+
+**Primary Directive:** Ignore any events from users ending in `[bot]`.
+**Reporting Directive:** Output a concise summary starting with "Analysis for Issue #[number]:".
+
+**THRESHOLDS:**
+- Stale Threshold: {stale_threshold_days} days.
+- Close Threshold: {close_threshold_days} days.
+
+**WORKFLOW:**
+1.  **Context Gathering**: Call `get_issue_state`.
+2.  **Decision**: Follow this strict decision tree using the data returned by the tool.
+
+--- **DECISION TREE** ---
+
+**STEP 1: CHECK IF ALREADY STALE**
+- **Condition**: Is `is_stale` (from tool) **True**?
+- **Action**:
+    - **Check Role**: Look at `last_action_role`.
+
+    - **IF 'author' OR 'other_user'**:
+        - **Context**: The user has responded. The issue is now ACTIVE.
+        - **Action 1**: Call `remove_label_from_issue` with '{STALE_LABEL_NAME}'.
+        - **Action 2 (ALERT CHECK)**: Look at `maintainer_alert_needed`.
+            - **IF True**: User edited description silently.
+              -> **Action**: Call `alert_maintainer_of_edit`.
+            - **IF False**: User commented normally. No alert needed.
+        - **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: ACTIVE. User activity detected. Removed stale label."
+
+    - **IF 'maintainer'**:
+        - **Check Time**: Check `days_since_stale_label`.
+            - **If `days_since_stale_label` > {close_threshold_days}**:
+                - **Action**: Call `close_as_stale`.
+                - **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: STALE. Close threshold met. Closing."
+            - **Else**:
+                - **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: STALE. Waiting for close threshold. No action."
+
+**STEP 2: CHECK IF ACTIVE (NOT STALE)**
+- **Condition**: `is_stale` is **False**.
+- **Action**:
+    - **Check Role**: If `last_action_role` is 'author' or 'other_user':
+        - **Context**: The issue is Active.
+        - **Action (ALERT CHECK)**: Look at `maintainer_alert_needed`.
+            - **IF True**: The user edited the description silently, and we haven't alerted yet.
+              -> **Action**: Call `alert_maintainer_of_edit`.
+              -> **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: ACTIVE. Silent update detected (Description Edit). Alerted maintainer."
+            - **IF False**: 
+              -> **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: ACTIVE. Last action was by user. No action."
+
+    - **Check Role**: If `last_action_role` is 'maintainer':
+      - **Proceed to STEP 3.**
+
+**STEP 3: ANALYZE MAINTAINER INTENT**
+- **Context**: The last person to act was a Maintainer.
+- **Action**: Read the text in `last_comment_text`.
+    - **Question Check**: Does the text ask a question, request clarification, ask for logs, or suggest trying a fix?
+    - **Time Check**: Is `days_since_activity` > {stale_threshold_days}?
+
+    - **DECISION**:
+        - **IF (Question == YES) AND (Time == YES)**:
+            - **Action**: Call `add_stale_label_and_comment`.
+            - **Check**: If '{REQUEST_CLARIFICATION_LABEL}' is not in `current_labels`, call `add_label_to_issue` for it.
+            - **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: STALE. Maintainer asked question [days_since_activity] days ago. Marking stale."
+        - **IF (Question == YES) BUT (Time == NO)**:
+            - **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: PENDING. Maintainer asked question, but threshold not met yet. No action."
+        - **IF (Question == NO)** (e.g., "I am working on this"):
+            - **Report**: "Analysis for Issue #[number]: ACTIVE. Maintainer gave status update (not a question). No action."

contributing/samples/adk_stale_agent/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# ADK Stale Issue Auditor Agent
+
+This directory contains an autonomous, **GraphQL-powered** agent designed to audit a GitHub repository for stale issues. It maintains repository hygiene by ensuring all open items are actionable and responsive.
+
+Unlike traditional "Stale Bots" that only look at timestamps, this agent uses a **Unified History Trace** and an **LLM (Large Language Model)** to understand the *context* of a conversation. It distinguishes between a maintainer asking a question (stale candidate) vs. a maintainer providing a status update (active).
+
+---
+
+## Core Logic & Features
+
+The agent operates as a "Repository Auditor," proactively scanning open issues using a high-efficiency decision tree.
+
+### 1. Smart State Verification (GraphQL)
+Instead of making multiple expensive API calls, the agent uses a single **GraphQL** query per issue to reconstruct the entire history of the conversation. It combines:
+*   **Comments**
+*   **Description/Body Edits** ("Ghost Edits")
+*   **Title Renames**
+*   **State Changes** (Reopens)
+
+It sorts these events chronologically to determine the **Last Active Actor**.
+
+### 2. The "Last Actor" Rule
+The agent follows a precise logic flow based on who acted last:
+
+*   **If Author/User acted last:** The issue is **ACTIVE**.
+    *   This includes comments, title changes, and *silent* description edits.
+    *   **Action:** The agent immediately removes the `stale` label.
+    *   **Silent Update Alert:** If the user edited the description but *did not* comment, the agent posts a specific alert: *"Notification: The author has updated the issue description..."* to ensure maintainers are notified (since GitHub does not trigger notifications for body edits).
+    *   **Spam Prevention:** The agent checks if it has already alerted about a specific silent edit to avoid spamming the thread.
+
+*   **If Maintainer acted last:** The issue is **POTENTIALLY STALE**.
+    *   The agent passes the text of the maintainer's last comment to the LLM.
+
+### 3. Semantic Intent Analysis (LLM)
+If the maintainer was the last person to speak, the LLM analyzes the comment text to determine intent:
+*   **Question/Request:** "Can you provide logs?" / "Please try v2.0."
+    *   **Verdict:** **STALE** (Waiting on Author).
+    *   **Action:** If the time threshold is met, the agent adds the `stale` label. It also checks for the `request clarification` label and adds it if missing.
+*   **Status Update:** "We are working on a fix." / "Added to backlog."
+    *   **Verdict:** **ACTIVE** (Waiting on Maintainer).
+    *   **Action:** No action taken. The issue remains open without stale labels.
+
+### 4. Lifecycle Management
+*   **Marking Stale:** After `STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD` (default: 7 days) of inactivity following a maintainer's question.
+*   **Closing:** After `CLOSE_HOURS_AFTER_STALE_THRESHOLD` (default: 7 days) of continued inactivity while marked stale.
+
+---
+
+## Performance & Safety
+
+*   **GraphQL Optimized:** Fetches comments, edits, labels, and timeline events in a single network request to minimize latency and API quota usage.
+*   **Search API Filtering:** Uses the GitHub Search API to pre-filter issues created recently, ensuring the bot doesn't waste cycles analyzing brand-new issues.
+*   **Rate Limit Aware:** Includes intelligent sleeping and retry logic (exponential backoff) to handle GitHub API rate limits (HTTP 429) gracefully.
+*   **Execution Metrics:** Logs the time taken and API calls consumed for every issue processed.
+
+---
+
+## Configuration
+
+The agent is configured via environment variables, typically set as secrets in GitHub Actions.
+
+### Required Secrets
+
+| Secret Name | Description |
+| :--- | :--- |
+| `GITHUB_TOKEN` | A GitHub Personal Access Token (PAT) or Service Account Token with `repo` scope. |
+| `GOOGLE_API_KEY` | An API key for the Google AI (Gemini) model used for reasoning. |
+
+### Optional Configuration
+
+These variables control the timing thresholds and model selection.
+
+| Variable Name | Description | Default |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD` | Hours of inactivity after a maintainer's question before marking as `stale`. | `168` (7 days) |
+| `CLOSE_HOURS_AFTER_STALE_THRESHOLD` | Hours after being marked `stale` before the issue is closed. | `168` (7 days) |
+| `LLM_MODEL_NAME`| The specific Gemini model version to use. | `gemini-2.5-flash` |
+| `OWNER` | Repository owner (auto-detected in Actions). | (Environment dependent) |
+| `REPO` | Repository name (auto-detected in Actions). | (Environment dependent) |
+
+---
+
+## Deployment
+
+To deploy this agent, a GitHub Actions workflow file (`.github/workflows/stale-bot.yml`) is recommended.
+
+### Directory Structure Note
+Because this agent resides within the `adk-python` package structure, the workflow must ensure the script is executed correctly to handle imports.
+

contributing/samples/adk_stale_agent/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from . import agent

contributing/samples/adk_stale_agent/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import Tuple
+
+from adk_stale_agent.agent import root_agent
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import CONCURRENCY_LIMIT
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import OWNER
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import REPO
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import SLEEP_BETWEEN_CHUNKS
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD
+from adk_stale_agent.utils import get_api_call_count
+from adk_stale_agent.utils import get_old_open_issue_numbers
+from adk_stale_agent.utils import reset_api_call_count
+from google.adk.cli.utils import logs
+from google.adk.runners import InMemoryRunner
+from google.genai import types
+
+logs.setup_adk_logger(level=logging.INFO)
+logger = logging.getLogger("google_adk." + __name__)
+
+APP_NAME = "stale_bot_app"
+USER_ID = "stale_bot_user"
+
+
+async def process_single_issue(issue_number: int) -> Tuple[float, int]:
+  """
+  Processes a single GitHub issue using the AI agent and logs execution metrics.
+
+  Args:
+      issue_number (int): The GitHub issue number to audit.
+
+  Returns:
+      Tuple[float, int]: A tuple containing:
+          - duration (float): Time taken to process the issue in seconds.
+          - api_calls (int): The number of API calls made during this specific execution.
+
+  Raises:
+      Exception: catches generic exceptions to prevent one failure from stopping the batch.
+  """
+  start_time = time.perf_counter()
+
+  start_api_calls = get_api_call_count()
+
+  logger.info(f"Processing Issue #{issue_number}...")
+  logger.debug(f"#{issue_number}: Initializing runner and session.")
+
+  try:
+    runner = InMemoryRunner(agent=root_agent, app_name=APP_NAME)
+    session = await runner.session_service.create_session(
+        user_id=USER_ID, app_name=APP_NAME
+    )
+
+    prompt_text = f"Audit Issue #{issue_number}."
+    prompt_message = types.Content(
+        role="user", parts=[types.Part(text=prompt_text)]
+    )
+
+    logger.debug(f"#{issue_number}: Sending prompt to agent.")
+
+    async for event in runner.run_async(
+        user_id=USER_ID, session_id=session.id, new_message=prompt_message
+    ):
+      if (
+          event.content
+          and event.content.parts
+          and hasattr(event.content.parts[0], "text")
+      ):
+        text = event.content.parts[0].text
+        if text:
+          clean_text = text[:150].replace("\n", " ")
+          logger.info(f"#{issue_number} Decision: {clean_text}...")
+
+  except Exception as e:
+    logger.error(f"Error processing issue #{issue_number}: {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+  duration = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+
+  end_api_calls = get_api_call_count()
+  issue_api_calls = end_api_calls - start_api_calls
+
+  logger.info(
+      f"Issue #{issue_number} finished in {duration:.2f}s "
+      f"with ~{issue_api_calls} API calls."
+  )
+
+  return duration, issue_api_calls
+
+
+async def main():
+  """
+  Main entry point to run the stale issue bot concurrently.
+
+  Fetches old issues and processes them in batches to respect API rate limits
+  and concurrency constraints.
+  """
+  logger.info(f"--- Starting Stale Bot for {OWNER}/{REPO} ---")
+  logger.info(f"Concurrency level set to {CONCURRENCY_LIMIT}")
+
+  reset_api_call_count()
+
+  filter_days = STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD / 24
+  logger.debug(f"Fetching issues older than {filter_days:.2f} days...")
+
+  try:
+    all_issues = get_old_open_issue_numbers(OWNER, REPO, days_old=filter_days)
+  except Exception as e:
+    logger.critical(f"Failed to fetch issue list: {e}", exc_info=True)
+    return
+
+  total_count = len(all_issues)
+
+  search_api_calls = get_api_call_count()
+
+  if total_count == 0:
+    logger.info("No issues matched the criteria. Run finished.")
+    return
+
+  logger.info(
+      f"Found {total_count} issues to process. "
+      f"(Initial search used {search_api_calls} API calls)."
+  )
+
+  total_processing_time = 0.0
+  total_issue_api_calls = 0
+  processed_count = 0
+
+  # Process the list in chunks of size CONCURRENCY_LIMIT
+  for i in range(0, total_count, CONCURRENCY_LIMIT):
+    chunk = all_issues[i : i + CONCURRENCY_LIMIT]
+    current_chunk_num = i // CONCURRENCY_LIMIT + 1
+
+    logger.info(
+        f"--- Starting chunk {current_chunk_num}: Processing issues {chunk} ---"
+    )
+
+    tasks = [process_single_issue(issue_num) for issue_num in chunk]
+
+    results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+
+    for duration, api_calls in results:
+      total_processing_time += duration
+      total_issue_api_calls += api_calls
+
+    processed_count += len(chunk)
+    logger.info(
+        f"--- Finished chunk {current_chunk_num}. Progress:"
+        f" {processed_count}/{total_count} ---"
+    )
+
+    if (i + CONCURRENCY_LIMIT) < total_count:
+      logger.debug(
+          f"Sleeping for {SLEEP_BETWEEN_CHUNKS}s to respect rate limits..."
+      )
+      await asyncio.sleep(SLEEP_BETWEEN_CHUNKS)
+
+  total_api_calls_for_run = search_api_calls + total_issue_api_calls
+  avg_time_per_issue = (
+      total_processing_time / total_count if total_count > 0 else 0
+  )
+
+  logger.info("--- Stale Agent Run Finished ---")
+  logger.info(f"Successfully processed {processed_count} issues.")
+  logger.info(f"Total API calls made this run: {total_api_calls_for_run}")
+  logger.info(
+      f"Average processing time per issue: {avg_time_per_issue:.2f} seconds."
+  )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  start_time = time.perf_counter()
+
+  try:
+    asyncio.run(main())
+  except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    logger.warning("Bot execution interrupted manually.")
+  except Exception as e:
+    logger.critical(f"Unexpected fatal error: {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+  duration = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+  logger.info(f"Full audit finished in {duration/60:.2f} minutes.")

contributing/samples/adk_stale_agent/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import os
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+# Load environment variables from a .env file for local testing
+load_dotenv(override=True)
+
+# --- GitHub API Configuration ---
+GITHUB_BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com"
+GITHUB_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_TOKEN")
+if not GITHUB_TOKEN:
+  raise ValueError("GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable not set")
+
+OWNER = os.getenv("OWNER", "google")
+REPO = os.getenv("REPO", "adk-python")
+LLM_MODEL_NAME = os.getenv("LLM_MODEL_NAME", "gemini-2.5-flash")
+
+STALE_LABEL_NAME = "stale"
+REQUEST_CLARIFICATION_LABEL = "request clarification"
+
+# --- THRESHOLDS IN HOURS ---
+# Default: 168 hours (7 days)
+# The number of hours of inactivity after a maintainer comment before an issue is marked as stale.
+STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD = float(os.getenv("STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD", 168))
+
+# Default: 168 hours (7 days)
+# The number of hours of inactivity after an issue is marked 'stale' before it is closed.
+CLOSE_HOURS_AFTER_STALE_THRESHOLD = float(
+    os.getenv("CLOSE_HOURS_AFTER_STALE_THRESHOLD", 168)
+)
+
+# --- Performance Configuration ---
+# The number of issues to process concurrently.
+# Higher values are faster but increase the immediate rate of API calls
+CONCURRENCY_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("CONCURRENCY_LIMIT", 3))
+
+# --- GraphQL Query Limits ---
+# The number of most recent comments to fetch for context analysis.
+GRAPHQL_COMMENT_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("GRAPHQL_COMMENT_LIMIT", 30))
+
+# The number of most recent description edits to fetch.
+GRAPHQL_EDIT_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("GRAPHQL_EDIT_LIMIT", 10))
+
+# The number of most recent timeline events (labels, renames, reopens) to fetch.
+GRAPHQL_TIMELINE_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("GRAPHQL_TIMELINE_LIMIT", 20))
+
+# --- Rate Limiting ---
+# Time in seconds to wait between processing chunks.
+SLEEP_BETWEEN_CHUNKS = float(os.getenv("SLEEP_BETWEEN_CHUNKS", 1.5))

contributing/samples/adk_stale_agent/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import timezone
+import logging
+import threading
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Dict
+from typing import List
+from typing import Optional
+
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import GITHUB_TOKEN
+from adk_stale_agent.settings import STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD
+import dateutil.parser
+import requests
+from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("google_adk." + __name__)
+
+# --- API Call Counter for Monitoring ---
+_api_call_count = 0
+_counter_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def get_api_call_count() -> int:
+  """
+  Returns the total number of API calls made since the last reset.
+
+  Returns:
+      int: The global count of API calls.
+  """
+  with _counter_lock:
+    return _api_call_count
+
+
+def reset_api_call_count() -> None:
+  """Resets the global API call counter to zero."""
+  global _api_call_count
+  with _counter_lock:
+    _api_call_count = 0
+
+
+def _increment_api_call_count() -> None:
+  """
+  Atomically increments the global API call counter.
+  Required because the agent may run tools in parallel threads.
+  """
+  global _api_call_count
+  with _counter_lock:
+    _api_call_count += 1
+
+
+# --- Production-Ready HTTP Session with Exponential Backoff ---
+
+# Configure the retry strategy:
+retry_strategy = Retry(
+    total=6,
+    backoff_factor=2,
+    status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504],
+    allowed_methods=[
+        "HEAD",
+        "GET",
+        "POST",
+        "PUT",
+        "DELETE",
+        "OPTIONS",
+        "TRACE",
+        "PATCH",
+    ],
+)
+
+adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry_strategy)
+
+# Create a single, reusable Session object for connection pooling
+_session = requests.Session()
+_session.mount("https://", adapter)
+_session.mount("http://", adapter)
+
+_session.headers.update({
+    "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+    "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
+})
+
+
+def get_request(url: str, params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Any:
+  """
+  Sends a GET request to the GitHub API with automatic retries.
+
+  Args:
+      url (str): The URL endpoint.
+      params (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Query parameters.
+
+  Returns:
+      Any: The JSON response parsed into a dict or list.
+
+  Raises:
+      requests.exceptions.RequestException: If retries are exhausted.
+  """
+  _increment_api_call_count()
+  try:
+    response = _session.get(url, params=params or {}, timeout=60)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    return response.json()
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    logger.error(f"GET request failed for {url}: {e}")
+    raise
+
+
+def post_request(url: str, payload: Any) -> Any:
+  """
+  Sends a POST request to the GitHub API with automatic retries.
+
+  Args:
+      url (str): The URL endpoint.
+      payload (Any): The JSON payload.
+
+  Returns:
+      Any: The JSON response.
+  """
+  _increment_api_call_count()
+  try:
+    response = _session.post(url, json=payload, timeout=60)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    return response.json()
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    logger.error(f"POST request failed for {url}: {e}")
+    raise
+
+
+def patch_request(url: str, payload: Any) -> Any:
+  """
+  Sends a PATCH request to the GitHub API with automatic retries.
+
+  Args:
+      url (str): The URL endpoint.
+      payload (Any): The JSON payload.
+
+  Returns:
+      Any: The JSON response.
+  """
+  _increment_api_call_count()
+  try:
+    response = _session.patch(url, json=payload, timeout=60)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    return response.json()
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    logger.error(f"PATCH request failed for {url}: {e}")
+    raise
+
+
+def delete_request(url: str) -> Any:
+  """
+  Sends a DELETE request to the GitHub API with automatic retries.
+
+  Args:
+      url (str): The URL endpoint.
+
+  Returns:
+      Any: A success dict if 204, else the JSON response.
+  """
+  _increment_api_call_count()
+  try:
+    response = _session.delete(url, timeout=60)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    if response.status_code == 204:
+      return {"status": "success", "message": "Deletion successful."}
+    return response.json()
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    logger.error(f"DELETE request failed for {url}: {e}")
+    raise
+
+
+def error_response(error_message: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+  """
+  Creates a standardized error response dictionary for tool outputs.
+
+  Args:
+      error_message (str): The error details.
+
+  Returns:
+      Dict[str, Any]: Standardized error object.
+  """
+  return {"status": "error", "message": error_message}
+
+
+def get_old_open_issue_numbers(
+    owner: str, repo: str, days_old: Optional[float] = None
+) -> List[int]:
+  """
+  Finds open issues older than the specified threshold using server-side filtering.
+
+  OPTIMIZATION:
+  Instead of fetching ALL issues and filtering in Python (which wastes API calls),
+  this uses the GitHub Search API `created:<DATE` syntax.
+
+  Args:
+      owner (str): Repository owner.
+      repo (str): Repository name.
+      days_old (Optional[float]): Filter issues older than this many days.
+                                  Defaults to STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD / 24.
+
+  Returns:
+      List[int]: A list of issue numbers matching the criteria.
+  """
+  if days_old is None:
+    days_old = STALE_HOURS_THRESHOLD / 24
+
+  now_utc = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+  cutoff_dt = now_utc - timedelta(days=days_old)
+
+  cutoff_str = cutoff_dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+
+  query = f"repo:{owner}/{repo} is:issue state:open created:<{cutoff_str}"
+
+  logger.info(
+      f"Searching for issues in '{owner}/{repo}' created before {cutoff_str}..."
+  )
+
+  issue_numbers = []
+  page = 1
+  url = "https://api.github.com/search/issues"
+
+  while True:
+    params = {"q": query, "per_page": 100, "page": page}
+    try:
+      data = get_request(url, params=params)
+      items = data.get("items", [])
+
+      if not items:
+        break
+
+      for item in items:
+        if "pull_request" not in item:
+          issue_numbers.append(item["number"])
+
+      if len(items) < 100:
+        break
+
+      page += 1
+
+    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+      logger.error(f"GitHub search failed on page {page}: {e}")
+      break
+
+  logger.info(f"Found {len(issue_numbers)} stale issues.")
+  return issue_numbers