stty: use stdin for TTY operations instead of /dev/tty (#9881)

* stty: use stdin for TTY operations instead of /dev/tty

* Add tests for stty stdin behavior and fix platform-specific error messages

---------

Co-authored-by: Sylvestre Ledru <sylvestre@debian.org>

.vscode/cspell.dictionaries/workspace.wordlist.txt

@@ -379,6 +379,7 @@ istrip
 litout
 opost
 parodd
+ENOTTY
 
 # translation tests
 CLICOLOR

src/uu/stty/src/stty.rs

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ use nix::sys::termios::{
 use nix::{ioctl_read_bad, ioctl_write_ptr_bad};
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{self, Stdout, stdout};
+use std::io::{self, Stdin, stdin, stdout};
 use std::num::IntErrorKind;
 use std::os::fd::{AsFd, BorrowedFd};
 use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd};
-use uucore::error::{UError, UResult, USimpleError, UUsageError};
+use uucore::error::{FromIo, UError, UResult, USimpleError, UUsageError};
 use uucore::format_usage;
 use uucore::parser::num_parser::ExtendedParser;
 use uucore::translate;
@@ -124,12 +124,13 @@ struct Options<'a> {
     all: bool,
     save: bool,
     file: Device,
+    device_name: String,
     settings: Option<Vec<&'a str>>,
 }
 
 enum Device {
     File(File),
-    Stdout(Stdout),
+    Stdin(Stdin),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ impl AsFd for Device {
     fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_> {
         match self {
             Self::File(f) => f.as_fd(),
-            Self::Stdout(stdout) => stdout.as_fd(),
+            Self::Stdin(stdin) => stdin.as_fd(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -175,45 +176,42 @@ impl AsRawFd for Device {
     fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
         match self {
             Self::File(f) => f.as_raw_fd(),
-            Self::Stdout(stdout) => stdout.as_raw_fd(),
+            Self::Stdin(stdin) => stdin.as_raw_fd(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Options<'a> {
     fn from(matches: &'a ArgMatches) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            all: matches.get_flag(options::ALL),
-            save: matches.get_flag(options::SAVE),
-            file: match matches.get_one::<String>(options::FILE) {
-                // Two notes here:
-                // 1. O_NONBLOCK is needed because according to GNU docs, a
-                //    POSIX tty can block waiting for carrier-detect if the
-                //    "clocal" flag is not set. If your TTY is not connected
-                //    to a modem, it is probably not relevant though.
-                // 2. We never close the FD that we open here, but the OS
-                //    will clean up the FD for us on exit, so it doesn't
-                //    matter. The alternative would be to have an enum of
-                //    BorrowedFd/OwnedFd to handle both cases.
-                Some(f) => Device::File(
+        let (file, device_name) = match matches.get_one::<String>(options::FILE) {
+            // Two notes here:
+            // 1. O_NONBLOCK is needed because according to GNU docs, a
+            //    POSIX tty can block waiting for carrier-detect if the
+            //    "clocal" flag is not set. If your TTY is not connected
+            //    to a modem, it is probably not relevant though.
+            // 2. We never close the FD that we open here, but the OS
+            //    will clean up the FD for us on exit, so it doesn't
+            //    matter. The alternative would be to have an enum of
+            //    BorrowedFd/OwnedFd to handle both cases.
+            Some(f) => (
+                Device::File(
                     std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
                         .read(true)
                         .custom_flags(O_NONBLOCK)
                         .open(f)?,
                 ),
-                // default to /dev/tty, if that does not exist then default to stdout
-                None => {
-                    if let Ok(f) = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
-                        .read(true)
-                        .custom_flags(O_NONBLOCK)
-                        .open("/dev/tty")
-                    {
-                        Device::File(f)
-                    } else {
-                        Device::Stdout(stdout())
-                    }
-                }
-            },
+                f.clone(),
+            ),
+            // Per POSIX, stdin is used for TTY operations when no device is specified.
+            // This matches GNU coreutils behavior: if stdin is not a TTY,
+            // tcgetattr will fail with "Inappropriate ioctl for device".
+            None => (Device::Stdin(stdin()), "standard input".to_string()),
+        };
+        Ok(Self {
+            all: matches.get_flag(options::ALL),
+            save: matches.get_flag(options::SAVE),
+            file,
+            device_name,
             settings: matches
                 .get_many::<String>(options::SETTINGS)
                 .map(|v| v.map(|s| s.as_ref()).collect()),
@@ -412,8 +410,8 @@ fn stty(opts: &Options) -> UResult<()> {
             }
         }
 
-        // TODO: Figure out the right error message for when tcgetattr fails
-        let mut termios = tcgetattr(opts.file.as_fd())?;
+        let mut termios =
+            tcgetattr(opts.file.as_fd()).map_err_context(|| opts.device_name.clone())?;
 
         // iterate over valid_args, match on the arg type, do the matching apply function
         for arg in &valid_args {
@@ -433,8 +431,7 @@ fn stty(opts: &Options) -> UResult<()> {
         }
         tcsetattr(opts.file.as_fd(), set_arg, &termios)?;
     } else {
-        // TODO: Figure out the right error message for when tcgetattr fails
-        let termios = tcgetattr(opts.file.as_fd())?;
+        let termios = tcgetattr(opts.file.as_fd()).map_err_context(|| opts.device_name.clone())?;
         print_settings(&termios, opts)?;
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -997,7 +994,7 @@ fn apply_char_mapping(termios: &mut Termios, mapping: &(S, u8)) {
 ///
 /// The state array contains:
 /// - `state[0]`: input flags
-/// - `state[1]`: output flags  
+/// - `state[1]`: output flags
 /// - `state[2]`: control flags
 /// - `state[3]`: local flags
 /// - `state[4..]`: control characters (optional)

tests/by-util/test_stty.rs

@@ -1557,6 +1557,76 @@ fn test_saved_state_with_control_chars() {
         .code_is(exp_result.code());
 }
 
+// Per POSIX, stty uses stdin for TTY operations. When stdin is a pipe, it should fail.
+#[test]
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn test_stdin_not_tty_fails() {
+    // ENOTTY error message varies by platform/libc:
+    // - glibc: "Inappropriate ioctl for device"
+    // - musl: "Not a tty"
+    // - Android: "Not a typewriter"
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    let expected_error = "standard input: Not a typewriter";
+    #[cfg(all(not(target_os = "android"), target_env = "musl"))]
+    let expected_error = "standard input: Not a tty";
+    #[cfg(all(not(target_os = "android"), not(target_env = "musl")))]
+    let expected_error = "standard input: Inappropriate ioctl for device";
+
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .pipe_in("")
+        .fails()
+        .stderr_contains(expected_error);
+}
+
+// Test that stty uses stdin for TTY operations per POSIX.
+// Verifies: output redirection (#8012), save/restore pattern (#8608), stdin redirection (#8848)
+#[test]
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn test_stty_uses_stdin() {
+    use std::fs::File;
+    use std::process::Stdio;
+
+    let (path, _controller, _replica) = pty_path();
+
+    // Output redirection: stty > file (stdin is still TTY)
+    let stdin = File::open(&path).unwrap();
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .set_stdin(stdin)
+        .set_stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .succeeds()
+        .stdout_contains("speed");
+
+    // Save/restore: stty $(stty -g) pattern
+    let stdin = File::open(&path).unwrap();
+    let saved = new_ucmd!()
+        .arg("-g")
+        .set_stdin(stdin)
+        .set_stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .succeeds()
+        .stdout_str()
+        .trim()
+        .to_string();
+    assert!(saved.contains(':'), "Expected colon-separated saved state");
+
+    let stdin = File::open(&path).unwrap();
+    new_ucmd!().arg(&saved).set_stdin(stdin).succeeds();
+
+    // Stdin redirection: stty rows 30 cols 100 < /dev/pts/N
+    let stdin = File::open(&path).unwrap();
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .args(&["rows", "30", "cols", "100"])
+        .set_stdin(stdin)
+        .succeeds();
+
+    let stdin = File::open(&path).unwrap();
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .arg("--all")
+        .set_stdin(stdin)
+        .succeeds()
+        .stdout_contains("rows 30")
+        .stdout_contains("columns 100");
+}
+
 #[test]
 #[cfg(unix)]
 fn test_columns_env_wrapping() {