fix some issues with locale (replace "LANGUAGE" with "LC_ALL")

`LANGUAGE=C` is not enough, `LC_ALL=C` is needed as the environment
variable that overrides all the other localization settings.

e.g.
```bash
$ LANGUAGE=C id foobar
id: ‘foobar’: no such user

$ LC_ALL=C id foobar
id: 'foobar': no such user
```

* replace `LANGUAGE` with `LC_ALL` as environment variable in the tests
* fix the the date string of affected uutils
* replace `‘` and `’` with `'`

src/uu/base32/src/base_common.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl Config {
             Some(mut values) => {
                 let name = values.next().unwrap();
                 if values.len() != 0 {
-                    return Err(format!("extra operand ‘{}’", name));
+                    return Err(format!("extra operand '{}'", name));
                 }
 
                 if name == "-" {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl Config {
             .value_of(options::WRAP)
             .map(|num| {
                 num.parse::<usize>()
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid wrap size: ‘{}’: {}", num, e))
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid wrap size: '{}': {}", num, e))
             })
             .transpose()?;
 

src/uu/chown/src/chown.rs

@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ fn parse_spec(spec: &str) -> Result<(Option<u32>, Option<u32>), String> {
     let uid = if usr_only || usr_grp {
         Some(
             Passwd::locate(args[0])
-                .map_err(|_| format!("invalid user: ‘{}’", spec))?
+                .map_err(|_| format!("invalid user: '{}'", spec))?
                 .uid(),
         )
     } else {
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ fn parse_spec(spec: &str) -> Result<(Option<u32>, Option<u32>), String> {
     let gid = if grp_only || usr_grp {
         Some(
             Group::locate(args[1])
-                .map_err(|_| format!("invalid group: ‘{}’", spec))?
+                .map_err(|_| format!("invalid group: '{}'", spec))?
                 .gid(),
         )
     } else {

src/uu/cp/src/cp.rs

@@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ fn copy_link(source: &Path, dest: &Path) -> CopyResult<()> {
             Some(name) => dest.join(name).into(),
             None => crash!(
                 EXIT_ERR,
-                "cannot stat ‘{}’: No such file or directory",
+                "cannot stat '{}': No such file or directory",
                 source.display()
             ),
         }

src/uu/date/src/date.rs

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
 
     let format = if let Some(form) = matches.value_of(OPT_FORMAT) {
         if !form.starts_with('+') {
-            eprintln!("date: invalid date ‘{}’", form);
+            eprintln!("date: invalid date '{}'", form);
             return 1;
         }
         let form = form[1..].to_string();
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
     let set_to = match matches.value_of(OPT_SET).map(parse_date) {
         None => None,
         Some(Err((input, _err))) => {
-            eprintln!("date: invalid date ‘{}’", input);
+            eprintln!("date: invalid date '{}'", input);
             return 1;
         }
         Some(Ok(date)) => Some(date),
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
                     println!("{}", formatted);
                 }
                 Err((input, _err)) => {
-                    println!("date: invalid date ‘{}’", input);
+                    println!("date: invalid date '{}'", input);
                 }
             }
         }

src/uu/dircolors/src/dircolors.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
     if matches.is_present(options::PRINT_DATABASE) {
         if !files.is_empty() {
             show_usage_error!(
-                "extra operand ‘{}’\nfile operands cannot be combined with \
+                "extra operand '{}'\nfile operands cannot be combined with \
                  --print-database (-p)",
                 files[0]
             );
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
         result = parse(INTERNAL_DB.lines(), out_format, "")
     } else {
         if files.len() > 1 {
-            show_usage_error!("extra operand ‘{}’", files[1]);
+            show_usage_error!("extra operand '{}'", files[1]);
             return 1;
         }
         match File::open(files[0]) {

src/uu/du/src/du.rs

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ fn du(
             Err(e) => {
                 safe_writeln!(
                     stderr(),
-                    "{}: cannot read directory ‘{}‘: {}",
+                    "{}: cannot read directory '{}': {}",
                     options.program_name,
                     my_stat.path.display(),
                     e
@@ -318,9 +318,7 @@ fn du(
                             let error_message = "Permission denied";
                             show_error_custom_description!(description, "{}", error_message)
                         }
-                        _ => {
-                            show_error!("cannot access '{}': {}", entry.path().display(), error)
-                        }
+                        _ => show_error!("cannot access '{}': {}", entry.path().display(), error),
                     },
                 },
                 Err(error) => show_error!("{}", error),
@@ -594,9 +592,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
 
     let files = match matches.value_of(options::FILE) {
         Some(_) => matches.values_of(options::FILE).unwrap().collect(),
-        None => {
-            vec!["."]
-        }
+        None => vec!["."],
     };
 
     let block_size = u64::try_from(read_block_size(matches.value_of(options::BLOCK_SIZE))).unwrap();
@@ -693,8 +689,8 @@ Try '{} --help' for more information.",
                                                 time
                                             } else {
                                                 show_error!(
-                                                    "Invalid argument ‘{}‘ for --time.
-‘birth‘ and ‘creation‘ arguments are not supported on this platform.",
+                                                    "Invalid argument '{}' for --time.
+'birth' and 'creation' arguments are not supported on this platform.",
                                                     s
                                                 );
                                                 return 1;

src/uu/id/src/id.rs

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
             match Passwd::locate(users[i].as_str()) {
                 Ok(p) => Some(p),
                 Err(_) => {
-                    show_error!("‘{}’: no such user", users[i]);
+                    show_error!("'{}': no such user", users[i]);
                     exit_code = 1;
                     if i + 1 >= users.len() {
                         break;

src/uu/ls/src/ls.rs

@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ impl Config {
             .value_of(options::WIDTH)
             .map(|x| {
                 x.parse::<u16>().unwrap_or_else(|_e| {
-                    show_error!("invalid line width: ‘{}’", x);
+                    show_error!("invalid line width: '{}'", x);
                     exit(2);
                 })
             })
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
             Arg::with_name(options::time::CHANGE)
                 .short(options::time::CHANGE)
                 .help("If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status \
-                change time (the ‘ctime’ in the inode) instead of the modification time. When \
+                change time (the 'ctime' in the inode) instead of the modification time. When \
                 explicitly sorting by time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a long listing \
                 format, sort according to the status change time.")
                 .overrides_with_all(&[

src/uu/mknod/src/mknod.rs

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ fn valid_type(tpe: String) -> Result<(), String> {
             if vec!['b', 'c', 'u', 'p'].contains(&first_char) {
                 Ok(())
             } else {
-                Err(format!("invalid device type ‘{}’", tpe))
+                Err(format!("invalid device type '{}'", tpe))
             }
         })
 }

src/uu/mktemp/src/mktemp.rs

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
 
     if matches.is_present(OPT_TMPDIR) && PathBuf::from(prefix).is_absolute() {
         show_error!(
-            "invalid template, ‘{}’; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute",
+            "invalid template, '{}'; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute",
             template
         );
         return 1;

src/uu/mv/src/mv.rs

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ fn exec(files: &[PathBuf], b: Behavior) -> i32 {
             // lacks permission to access metadata.
             if source.symlink_metadata().is_err() {
                 show_error!(
-                    "cannot stat ‘{}’: No such file or directory",
+                    "cannot stat '{}': No such file or directory",
                     source.display()
                 );
                 return 1;
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ fn exec(files: &[PathBuf], b: Behavior) -> i32 {
                 if b.no_target_dir {
                     if !source.is_dir() {
                         show_error!(
-                            "cannot overwrite directory ‘{}’ with non-directory",
+                            "cannot overwrite directory '{}' with non-directory",
                             target.display()
                         );
                         return 1;
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ fn exec(files: &[PathBuf], b: Behavior) -> i32 {
                     return match rename(source, target, &b) {
                         Err(e) => {
                             show_error!(
-                                "cannot move ‘{}’ to ‘{}’: {}",
+                                "cannot move '{}' to '{}': {}",
                                 source.display(),
                                 target.display(),
                                 e.to_string()
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ fn exec(files: &[PathBuf], b: Behavior) -> i32 {
                 return move_files_into_dir(&[source.clone()], target, &b);
             } else if target.exists() && source.is_dir() {
                 show_error!(
-                    "cannot overwrite non-directory ‘{}’ with directory ‘{}’",
+                    "cannot overwrite non-directory '{}' with directory '{}'",
                     target.display(),
                     source.display()
                 );
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ fn exec(files: &[PathBuf], b: Behavior) -> i32 {
         _ => {
             if b.no_target_dir {
                 show_error!(
-                    "mv: extra operand ‘{}’\n\
+                    "mv: extra operand '{}'\n\
                      Try '{} --help' for more information.",
                     files[2].display(),
                     executable!()
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ fn exec(files: &[PathBuf], b: Behavior) -> i32 {
 
 fn move_files_into_dir(files: &[PathBuf], target_dir: &Path, b: &Behavior) -> i32 {
     if !target_dir.is_dir() {
-        show_error!("target ‘{}’ is not a directory", target_dir.display());
+        show_error!("target '{}' is not a directory", target_dir.display());
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ fn move_files_into_dir(files: &[PathBuf], target_dir: &Path, b: &Behavior) -> i3
             Some(name) => target_dir.join(name),
             None => {
                 show_error!(
-                    "cannot stat ‘{}’: No such file or directory",
+                    "cannot stat '{}': No such file or directory",
                     sourcepath.display()
                 );
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ fn move_files_into_dir(files: &[PathBuf], target_dir: &Path, b: &Behavior) -> i3
 
         if let Err(e) = rename(sourcepath, &targetpath, b) {
             show_error!(
-                "cannot move ‘{}’ to ‘{}’: {}",
+                "cannot move '{}' to '{}': {}",
                 sourcepath.display(),
                 targetpath.display(),
                 e.to_string()
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ fn rename(from: &Path, to: &Path, b: &Behavior) -> io::Result<()> {
         match b.overwrite {
             OverwriteMode::NoClobber => return Ok(()),
             OverwriteMode::Interactive => {
-                println!("{}: overwrite ‘{}’? ", executable!(), to.display());
+                println!("{}: overwrite '{}'? ", executable!(), to.display());
                 if !read_yes() {
                     return Ok(());
                 }
@@ -371,9 +371,9 @@ fn rename(from: &Path, to: &Path, b: &Behavior) -> io::Result<()> {
     rename_with_fallback(from, to)?;
 
     if b.verbose {
-        print!("‘{}’ -> ‘{}’", from.display(), to.display());
+        print!("'{}' -> '{}'", from.display(), to.display());
         match backup_path {
-            Some(path) => println!(" (backup: ‘{}’)", path.display()),
+            Some(path) => println!(" (backup: '{}')", path.display()),
             None => println!(),
         }
     }

src/uu/numfmt/src/format.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for WhitespaceSplitter<'a> {
 
 fn parse_suffix(s: &str) -> Result<(f64, Option<Suffix>)> {
     if s.is_empty() {
-        return Err("invalid number: ‘’".to_string());
+        return Err("invalid number: ''".to_string());
     }
 
     let with_i = s.ends_with('i');
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn parse_suffix(s: &str) -> Result<(f64, Option<Suffix>)> {
         Some('Z') => Ok(Some((RawSuffix::Z, with_i))),
         Some('Y') => Ok(Some((RawSuffix::Y, with_i))),
         Some('0'..='9') => Ok(None),
-        _ => Err(format!("invalid suffix in input: ‘{}’", s)),
+        _ => Err(format!("invalid suffix in input: '{}'", s)),
     }?;
 
     let suffix_len = match suffix {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ fn parse_suffix(s: &str) -> Result<(f64, Option<Suffix>)> {
 
     let number = s[..s.len() - suffix_len]
         .parse::<f64>()
-        .map_err(|_| format!("invalid number: ‘{}’", s))?;
+        .map_err(|_| format!("invalid number: '{}'", s))?;
 
     Ok((number, suffix))
 }

src/uu/numfmt/src/numfmt.rs

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ fn parse_options(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<NumfmtOptions> {
                     0 => Err(value),
                     _ => Ok(n),
                 })
-                .map_err(|value| format!("invalid header value ‘{}’", value))
+                .map_err(|value| format!("invalid header value '{}'", value))
         }
     }?;
 

src/uu/pinky/src/pinky.rs

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ fn idle_string(when: i64) -> String {
 }
 
 fn time_string(ut: &Utmpx) -> String {
-    time::strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &ut.login_time()).unwrap()
+    time::strftime("%b %e %H:%M", &ut.login_time()).unwrap() // LC_ALL=C
 }
 
 impl Pinky {

src/uu/split/src/split.rs

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ impl LineSplitter {
     fn new(settings: &Settings) -> LineSplitter {
         LineSplitter {
             lines_per_split: settings.strategy_param.parse().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                crash!(1, "invalid number of lines: ‘{}’", settings.strategy_param)
+                crash!(1, "invalid number of lines: '{}'", settings.strategy_param)
             }),
         }
     }

src/uu/stat/src/stat.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use std::{cmp, fs, iter};
 macro_rules! check_bound {
     ($str: ident, $bound:expr, $beg: expr, $end: expr) => {
         if $end >= $bound {
-            return Err(format!("‘{}’: invalid directive", &$str[$beg..$end]));
+            return Err(format!("'{}': invalid directive", &$str[$beg..$end]));
         }
     };
 }

src/uu/test/src/parser.rs

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl Parser {
                 self.expr();
                 match self.next_token() {
                     Symbol::Literal(s) if s == ")" => (),
-                    _ => panic!("expected ‘)’"),
+                    _ => panic!("expected ')'"),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ impl Parser {
         self.expr();
 
         match self.tokens.next() {
-            Some(token) => Err(format!("extra argument ‘{}’", token.to_string_lossy())),
+            Some(token) => Err(format!("extra argument '{}'", token.to_string_lossy())),
             None => Ok(()),
         }
     }

src/uu/test/src/test.rs

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn eval(stack: &mut Vec<Symbol>) -> Result<bool, String> {
                     return Ok(true);
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    return Err(format!("missing argument after ‘{:?}’", op));
+                    return Err(format!("missing argument after '{:?}'", op));
                 }
             };
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ fn eval(stack: &mut Vec<Symbol>) -> Result<bool, String> {
 }
 
 fn integers(a: &OsStr, b: &OsStr, op: &OsStr) -> Result<bool, String> {
-    let format_err = |value| format!("invalid integer ‘{}’", value);
+    let format_err = |value| format!("invalid integer '{}'", value);
 
     let a = a.to_string_lossy();
     let a: i64 = a.parse().map_err(|_| format_err(a))?;
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ fn integers(a: &OsStr, b: &OsStr, op: &OsStr) -> Result<bool, String> {
         "-ge" => a >= b,
         "-lt" => a < b,
         "-le" => a <= b,
-        _ => return Err(format!("unknown operator ‘{}’", operator)),
+        _ => return Err(format!("unknown operator '{}'", operator)),
     })
 }
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn isatty(fd: &OsStr) -> Result<bool, String> {
     let fd = fd.to_string_lossy();
 
     fd.parse()
-        .map_err(|_| format!("invalid integer ‘{}’", fd))
+        .map_err(|_| format!("invalid integer '{}'", fd))
         .map(|i| {
             #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
             unsafe {

src/uu/tr/src/tr.rs

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> i32 {
 
     if !(delete_flag || squeeze_flag) && sets.len() < 2 {
         show_error!(
-            "missing operand after ‘{}’\nTry `{} --help` for more information.",
+            "missing operand after '{}'\nTry `{} --help` for more information.",
             sets[0],
             executable!()
         );

src/uu/truncate/src/truncate.rs

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ fn truncate_reference_and_size(
     let mode = match parse_mode_and_size(size_string) {
         Ok(m) => match m {
             TruncateMode::Absolute(_) => {
-                crash!(1, "you must specify a relative ‘--size’ with ‘--reference’")
+                crash!(1, "you must specify a relative '--size' with '--reference'")
             }
             _ => m,
         },