Fix #1522 - implement silly window sydrome protection on rx side

Before, each of small read()'s that raises window either from zero
or above threshold of aMSS, would generate an ACK. In a classic
silly-window-syndrome scenario, we can imagine a pessimistic case
when small read()'s generate a stream of ACKs.

This PR fixes that, essentially treating window size < aMSS as zero.
We send ACK exactly in a moment when window increases to >= aMSS
or half of receive buffer size (whichever smaller).

pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/endpoint.go

@@ -956,20 +956,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) readLocked() (buffer.View, *tcpip.Error) {
 
 	e.rcvBufUsed -= len(v)
 
-	avail := e.receiveBufferAvailableLocked()
-
-	// If the window was small before, lower than MSS, send immediate
-	// ack. Without this, the sender might be stuck  waiting for the
-	// window to grow, while we think the window is non-zero so we
-	// don't need to send acks. To avoid silly window syndrome, send
-	// ack only when the window grows above one MSS.
-	crossedMSS := avail-len(v) < int(e.amss) && avail >= int(e.amss)
-
-	// If the window was zero before this read and if the read freed up
-	// enough buffer space for the scaled window to be non-zero then notify
-	// the protocol goroutine to send a window update.
-	if (e.zeroWindow && !e.zeroReceiveWindow(e.rcv.rcvWndScale)) || crossedMSS {
-		e.zeroWindow = false
+	// If the window was small before this read and if the read
+	// freed up enough buffer space, to either fit an aMSS or half
+	// a receive buffer (whichever smaller), then notify the
+	// protocol goroutine to send a window update.
+	if e.windowCrossedACKThreshold(len(v)) == 1 {
 		e.notifyProtocolGoroutine(notifyNonZeroReceiveWindow)
 	}
 
@@ -1143,13 +1134,35 @@ func (e *endpoint) Peek(vec [][]byte) (int64, tcpip.ControlMessages, *tcpip.Erro
 	return num, tcpip.ControlMessages{}, nil
 }
 
-// zeroReceiveWindow checks if the receive window to be announced now would be
-// zero, based on the amount of available buffer and the receive window scaling.
+// windowCrossedACKThreshold checks if the receive window to be announced now would be
+// under aMSS or under half receive buffer, whichever smaller. This is useful as
+// a receive side silly window syndrome prevention mechanism. If window grows
+// to reasonable value, we should send ACK to the sender to inform the rx space is now
+// large. We also want ensure a series of small read()'s won't trigger a flood of
+// spurious tiny ACK's.
 //
-// It must be called with rcvListMu held.
-func (e *endpoint) zeroReceiveWindow(scale uint8) bool {
-	avail := e.receiveBufferAvailableLocked()
-	return (avail >> scale) == 0
+// For large receive buffers, the threshold is aMSS - once reader reads more than aMSS
+// we'll send ACK. For tiny receive buffers, the threshold is half of receive buffer size.
+// This is chosen arbitrairly.
+func (e *endpoint) windowCrossedACKThreshold(deltaBefore int) int {
+	newAvail := e.receiveBufferAvailableLocked()
+	oldAvail := newAvail - deltaBefore
+	if oldAvail < 0 {
+		oldAvail = 0
+	}
+
+	threshold := int(e.amss)
+	if threshold > e.rcvBufSize/2 {
+		threshold = e.rcvBufSize / 2
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case oldAvail < threshold && newAvail >= threshold:
+		return 1
+	case oldAvail >= threshold && newAvail < threshold:
+		return -1
+	}
+	return 0
 }
 
 // SetSockOptInt sets a socket option.
@@ -1194,11 +1207,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) SetSockOptInt(opt tcpip.SockOpt, v int) *tcpip.Error {
 
 		e.rcvAutoParams.disabled = true
 
-		// Immediatelly send ACK in two cases: when the buffer
-		// grows so that it leaves zero-window state, when the
-		// buffer grows from small < MSS to >= MSS.
-		if (e.zeroWindow && !e.zeroReceiveWindow(scale)) || (availBefore < int(e.amss) && availAfter >= int(e.amss)) {
-			e.zeroWindow = false
+		// Immediatelly send an ACK to uncork the sender silly
+		// window syndrome prevetion, when our available space
+		// grows above aMSS or half receive buffer, whichever
+		// smaller.
+		if e.windowCrossedACKThreshold(availAfter-availBefore) == 1 {
 			mask |= notifyNonZeroReceiveWindow
 		}
 		e.rcvListMu.Unlock()
@@ -2239,13 +2252,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) readyToRead(s *segment) {
 	if s != nil {
 		s.incRef()
 		e.rcvBufUsed += s.data.Size()
-		// Check if the receive window is now closed. If so make sure
-		// we set the zero window before we deliver the segment to ensure
-		// that a subsequent read of the segment will correctly trigger
-		// a non-zero notification.
-		if e.zeroReceiveWindow(e.rcv.rcvWndScale) {
+		// Increase counter if the receive window falls down
+		// below MSS or half receive buffer size, whichever
+		// smaller.
+		if e.windowCrossedACKThreshold(-s.data.Size()) == -1 {
 			e.stats.ReceiveErrors.ZeroRcvWindowState.Increment()
-			e.zeroWindow = true
 		}
 		e.rcvList.PushBack(s)
 	} else {

pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/tcp_test.go

@@ -2091,10 +2091,14 @@ func TestZeroScaledWindowReceive(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 	}
 
-	// Read some data. An ack should be sent in response to that.
-	v, _, err := c.EP.Read(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Read failed: %v", err)
+	// Read at least 1MSS of data. An ack should be sent in response to that.
+	sz := 0
+	for sz < defaultMTU {
+		v, _, err := c.EP.Read(nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Read failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		sz += len(v)
 	}
 
 	checker.IPv4(t, c.GetPacket(),
@@ -2103,7 +2107,7 @@ func TestZeroScaledWindowReceive(t *testing.T) {
 			checker.DstPort(context.TestPort),
 			checker.SeqNum(uint32(c.IRS)+1),
 			checker.AckNum(uint32(790+sent)),
-			checker.Window(uint16(len(v)>>ws)),
+			checker.Window(uint16(sz>>ws)),
 			checker.TCPFlags(header.TCPFlagAck),
 		),
 	)