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@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ This section explains how to launch a Linux kernel inside QEMU.
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@enumerate
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@item
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Download the archive @file{vl-test-xxx.tar.gz} containing a Linux kernel
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and an initrd (initial Ram Disk). The archive also contains a
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precompiled version of @file{vl}, the QEMU System emulator.
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Download the archive @file{vl-test-xxx.tar.gz} containing a Linux
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kernel and a disk image. The archive also contains a precompiled
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version of @file{vl}, the QEMU System emulator.
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@item Optional: If you want network support (for example to launch X11 examples), you
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must copy the script @file{vl-ifup} in @file{/etc} and configure
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@@ -262,20 +262,25 @@ seen from the emulated kernel at IP address 172.20.0.1.
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> ./vl.sh
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connected to host network interface: tun0
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Uncompressing Linux... Ok, booting the kernel.
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Linux version 2.4.20 (bellard@voyager) (gcc version 2.95.2 20000220 (Debian GNU/Linux)) #42 Wed Jun 25 14:16:12 CEST 2003
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Linux version 2.4.20 (fabrice@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.3 2.96-110)) #22 lun jui 7 13:37:41 CEST 2003
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BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
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BIOS-88: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f000 (usable)
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BIOS-88: 0000000000100000 - 0000000002000000 (usable)
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BIOS-e801: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f000 (usable)
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BIOS-e801: 0000000000100000 - 0000000002000000 (usable)
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32MB LOWMEM available.
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On node 0 totalpages: 8192
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zone(0): 4096 pages.
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zone(1): 4096 pages.
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zone(2): 0 pages.
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Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=6144
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Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda ide1=noprobe ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe
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ide_setup: ide1=noprobe
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ide_setup: ide2=noprobe
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ide_setup: ide3=noprobe
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ide_setup: ide4=noprobe
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ide_setup: ide5=noprobe
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Initializing CPU#0
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Detected 501.785 MHz processor.
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Calibrating delay loop... 973.20 BogoMIPS
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Memory: 24776k/32768k available (725k kernel code, 7604k reserved, 151k data, 48k init, 0k highmem)
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Detected 501.285 MHz processor.
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Calibrating delay loop... 989.59 BogoMIPS
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Memory: 29268k/32768k available (907k kernel code, 3112k reserved, 212k data, 52k init, 0k highmem)
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Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
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Inode cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
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Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
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@@ -289,24 +294,30 @@ Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
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Initializing RT netlink socket
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apm: BIOS not found.
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Starting kswapd
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Journalled Block Device driver loaded
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pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
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Serial driver version 5.05c (2001-07-08) with no serial options enabled
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ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16450
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Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 6.31
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ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
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hda: QEMU HARDDISK, ATA DISK drive
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ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
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hda: 12288 sectors (6 MB) w/256KiB Cache, CHS=12/16/63
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Partition check:
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hda: unknown partition table
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ne.c:v1.10 9/23/94 Donald Becker (becker@scyld.com)
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Last modified Nov 1, 2000 by Paul Gortmaker
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NE*000 ethercard probe at 0x300: 52 54 00 12 34 56
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eth0: NE2000 found at 0x300, using IRQ 9.
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RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 6144K size 1024 blocksize
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RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
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NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
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IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
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IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
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TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
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TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 4096)
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NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
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RAMDISK: ext2 filesystem found at block 0
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RAMDISK: Loading 6144 blocks [1 disk] into ram disk... done.
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Freeing initrd memory: 6144k freed
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EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
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VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
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Freeing unused kernel memory: 48k freed
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Freeing unused kernel memory: 52k freed
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sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
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#
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@end example
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@@ -338,7 +349,7 @@ a real Virtual Linux system !
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NOTES:
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@enumerate
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@item
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A 2.5.66 kernel is also included in the vl-test archive. Just
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A 2.5.74 kernel is also included in the vl-test archive. Just
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replace the bzImage in vl.sh to try it.
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@item
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@@ -348,7 +359,19 @@ a temporary directory using the tmpfs filesystem to avoid too many
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unnecessary disk accesses.
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@item
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The example initrd is a modified version of the one made by Kevin
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In order to exit cleanly for vl, you can do a @emph{shutdown} inside
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vl. vl will automatically exit when the Linux shutdown is done.
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@item
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You can boot slightly faster by disabling the probe of non present IDE
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interfaces. To do so, add the following options on the kernel command
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line:
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@example
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ide1=noprobe ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe
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@end example
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@item
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The example disk image is a modified version of the one made by Kevin
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Lawton for the plex86 Project (@url{www.plex86.org}).
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@end enumerate
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@@ -363,9 +386,6 @@ usage: vl [options] bzImage [kernel parameters...]
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General options:
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@table @option
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@item -initrd file
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Use 'file' as initial ram disk.
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@item -hda file
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@item -hdb file
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Use 'file' as hard disk 0 or 1 image (@xref{disk_images}).
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@@ -383,6 +403,9 @@ Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes.
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Set network init script [default=/etc/vl-ifup]. This script is
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launched to configure the host network interface (usually tun0)
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corresponding to the virtual NE2000 card.
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@item -initrd file
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Use 'file' as initial ram disk.
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@end table
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Debug options:
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@@ -481,13 +504,17 @@ Since holes are used, the displayed size of the COW disk image is not
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the real one. To know it, use the @code{ls -ls} command.
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@end enumerate
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@section Kernel Compilation
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@section Linux Kernel Compilation
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You can use any Linux kernel within QEMU provided it is mapped at
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address 0x90000000 (the default is 0xc0000000). You must modify only two
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lines in the kernel source:
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You should be able to use any kernel with QEMU provided you make the
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following changes (only 2.4.x and 2.5.x were tested):
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In asm/page.h, replace
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@enumerate
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@item
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The kernel must be mapped at 0x90000000 (the default is
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0xc0000000). You must modify only two lines in the kernel source:
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In @file{include/asm/page.h}, replace
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@example
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#define __PAGE_OFFSET (0xc0000000)
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@end example
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@@ -496,7 +523,7 @@ by
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#define __PAGE_OFFSET (0x90000000)
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@end example
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And in arch/i386/vmlinux.lds, replace
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And in @file{arch/i386/vmlinux.lds}, replace
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@example
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. = 0xc0000000 + 0x100000;
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@end example
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@@ -505,22 +532,25 @@ by
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. = 0x90000000 + 0x100000;
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@end example
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The file config-2.4.20 gives the configuration of the example kernel.
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Just type
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@item
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If you want to enable SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing) support, you
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must make the following change in @file{include/asm/fixmap.h}. Replace
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@example
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make bzImage
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#define FIXADDR_TOP (0xffffX000UL)
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@end example
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by
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@example
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#define FIXADDR_TOP (0xa7ffX000UL)
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@end example
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(X is 'e' or 'f' depending on the kernel version). Although you can
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use an SMP kernel with QEMU, it only supports one CPU.
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As you would do to make a real kernel. Then you can use with QEMU
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exactly the same kernel as you would boot on your PC (in
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@file{arch/i386/boot/bzImage}).
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@item
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If you are not using a 2.5 kernel as host kernel but if you use a target
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2.5 kernel, you must also ensure that the 'HZ' define is set to 100
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(1000 is the default) as QEMU cannot currently emulate timers at
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frequencies greater than 100 Hz on host Linux systems < 2.5. In
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asm/param.h, replace:
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@file{include/asm/param.h}, replace:
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@example
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# define HZ 1000 /* Internal kernel timer frequency */
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@@ -530,8 +560,18 @@ by
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# define HZ 100 /* Internal kernel timer frequency */
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@end example
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If you have problems running your kernel, verify that neither the SMP nor
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HIGHMEM configuration options are activated.
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@end enumerate
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The file config-2.x.x gives the configuration of the example kernels.
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Just type
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@example
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make bzImage
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@end example
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As you would do to make a real kernel. Then you can use with QEMU
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exactly the same kernel as you would boot on your PC (in
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@file{arch/i386/boot/bzImage}).
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@section PC Emulation
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@@ -733,7 +773,7 @@ Correct translated code invalidation is done efficiently by maintaining
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a linked list of every translated block contained in a given page. Other
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linked lists are also maintained to undo direct block chaining.
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Althought the overhead of doing @code{mprotect()} calls is important,
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Although the overhead of doing @code{mprotect()} calls is important,
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most MSDOS programs can be emulated at reasonnable speed with QEMU and
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DOSEMU.
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@@ -802,7 +842,7 @@ reentrancy.
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@section Self-virtualization
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QEMU was conceived so that ultimately it can emulate itself. Althought
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QEMU was conceived so that ultimately it can emulate itself. Although
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it is not very useful, it is an important test to show the power of the
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emulator.
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bellard