abstract away document comparison

Feature/indentation

.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 /.build
 /Packages
 /*.xcodeproj
+/*.xcworkspace

Examples.swift

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  Examples.swift
-//  JSONAPI
-//
-//  Created by Mathew Polzin on 11/12/18.
-//
-
-import Foundation
-import JSONAPI
-
-
-/*******
-
-Please enjoy these examples, but allow me the forced casting and the lack of error checking for the sake of brevity.
-
-********/
-
-
-typealias ExampleEntity<Description: EntityDescription> = Entity<Description, Id<String, Description>>
-
-// MARK: - A few resource objects (entities)
-enum PersonDescription: EntityDescription {
-
-	static var type: String { return "people" }
-	
-	struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
-		let name: [String]
-		let favoriteColor: String
-	}
-	
-	struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
-		let friends: ToManyRelationship<Person>
-		let dogs: ToManyRelationship<Dog>
-		let home: ToOneRelationship<House>
-	}
-}
-
-typealias Person = ExampleEntity<PersonDescription>
-
-enum DogDescription: EntityDescription {
-
-	static var type: String { return "dogs" }
-
-	struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
-		let name: String
-	}
-
-	struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
-		let owner: ToOneRelationship<Person?>
-	}
-}
-
-typealias Dog = ExampleEntity<DogDescription>
-
-enum HouseDescription: EntityDescription {
-
-	static var type: String { return "houses" }
-
-	typealias Attributes = NoAttributes
-	typealias Relationships = NoRelatives
-}
-
-typealias House = ExampleEntity<HouseDescription>
-
-// MARK: - Parse a response body with one Dog in it
-typealias SingleDogResponse = JSONAPIDocument<SingleResourceBody<Dog>, NoIncludes, BasicJSONAPIError>
-
-let dummyData = "".data(using: .utf8)!
-let dogResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(SingleDogResponse.self, from: dummyData)
-let dog = dogResponse.body.data?.primary.value
-
-// MARK: Parse a response body with multiple people in it and dogs and houses included
-typealias BatchPeopleResponse = JSONAPIDocument<ManyResourceBody<Person>, Include2<Dog, House>, BasicJSONAPIError>
-
-let peopleResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(BatchPeopleResponse.self, from: dummyData)
-let people = peopleResponse.body.data?.primary.values
-let dogs = peopleResponse.body.data?.included[Dog.self]
-let houses = peopleResponse.body.data?.included[House.self]

JSONAPI.playground/Pages/Full Client & Server Example.xcplaygroundpage/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+import Foundation
+import JSONAPI
+import Poly
+
+// MARK: - Preamble (setup)
+
+// Make String a CreatableRawIdType. This is actually done in
+// this Playground's Entities.swift file, so it is commented out here.
+/*
+ var globalStringId: Int = 0
+ extension String: CreatableRawIdType {
+ public static func unique() -> String {
+ globalStringId += 1
+ return String(globalStringId)
+ }
+ }
+ */
+
+// Create a typealias because we do not expect JSON:API Resource
+// Objects for this particular API to have Metadata or Links associated
+// with them. We also expect them to have String Identifiers.
+typealias JSONEntity<Description: ResourceObjectDescription> = JSONAPI.ResourceObject<Description, NoMetadata, NoLinks, String>
+
+// Similarly, create a typealias for unidentified entities. JSON:API
+// only allows unidentified entities (i.e. no "id" field) for client
+// requests that create new entities. In these situations, the server
+// is expected to assign the new entity a unique ID.
+typealias UnidentifiedJSONEntity<Description: ResourceObjectDescription> = JSONAPI.ResourceObject<Description, NoMetadata, NoLinks, Unidentified>
+
+// Create relationship typealiases because we do not expect
+// JSON:API Relationships for this particular API to have
+// Metadata or Links associated with them.
+typealias ToOneRelationship<Entity: Identifiable> = JSONAPI.ToOneRelationship<Entity, NoMetadata, NoLinks>
+typealias ToManyRelationship<Entity: Relatable> = JSONAPI.ToManyRelationship<Entity, NoMetadata, NoLinks>
+
+// Create a typealias for a Document because we do not expect
+// JSON:API Documents for this particular API to have Metadata, Links,
+// useful Errors, or an APIDescription (The *SPEC* calls this
+// "API Description" the "JSON:API Object").
+typealias Document<PrimaryResourceBody: JSONAPI.ResourceBody, IncludeType: JSONAPI.Include> = JSONAPI.Document<PrimaryResourceBody, NoMetadata, NoLinks, IncludeType, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>
+
+// MARK: Entity Definitions
+
+enum AuthorDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+    public static var jsonType: String { return "authors" }
+
+    public struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+        public let name: Attribute<String>
+    }
+
+    public typealias Relationships = NoRelationships
+}
+
+typealias Author = JSONEntity<AuthorDescription>
+
+enum ArticleDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+    public static var jsonType: String { return "articles" }
+
+    public struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+        public let title: Attribute<String>
+        public let abstract: Attribute<String>
+    }
+
+    public struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+        public let author: ToOneRelationship<Author>
+    }
+}
+
+typealias Article = JSONEntity<ArticleDescription>
+
+// MARK: Document Definitions
+
+// We create a typealias to represent a document containing one Article
+// and including its Author
+typealias SingleArticleDocumentWithIncludes = Document<SingleResourceBody<Article>, Include1<Author>>
+
+// ... and a typealias to represent a document containing one Article and
+// not including any related entities.
+typealias SingleArticleDocument = Document<SingleResourceBody<Article>, NoIncludes>
+
+// MARK: - Server Pseudo-example
+
+// Skipping over all the API and database stuff, here's a chunk of code
+// that creates a document. Note that this document is the entirety
+// of a JSON:API response body.
+func articleDocument(includeAuthor: Bool) -> Either<SingleArticleDocument, SingleArticleDocumentWithIncludes> {
+    // Let's pretend all of this is coming from a database:
+
+    let authorId = Author.Identifier(rawValue: "1234")
+
+    let article = Article(id: .init(rawValue: "5678"),
+                          attributes: .init(title: .init(value: "JSON:API in Swift"),
+                                            abstract: .init(value: "Not yet written")),
+                          relationships: .init(author: .init(id: authorId)),
+                          meta: .none,
+                          links: .none)
+
+    let document = SingleArticleDocument(apiDescription: .none,
+                                         body: .init(resourceObject: article),
+                                         includes: .none,
+                                         meta: .none,
+                                         links: .none)
+
+    switch includeAuthor {
+    case false:
+        return .init(document)
+
+    case true:
+        let author = Author(id: authorId,
+                            attributes: .init(name: .init(value: "Janice Bluff")),
+                            relationships: .none,
+                            meta: .none,
+                            links: .none)
+
+        let includes: Includes<SingleArticleDocumentWithIncludes.Include> = .init(values: [.init(author)])
+
+        return .init(document.including(includes))
+    }
+}
+
+let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+encoder.keyEncodingStrategy = .convertToSnakeCase
+encoder.outputFormatting = .prettyPrinted
+
+let responseBody = articleDocument(includeAuthor: true)
+let responseData = try! encoder.encode(responseBody)
+
+// Next step would be setting the HTTP body of a response.
+// We will just print it out instead:
+print("-----")
+print(String(data: responseData, encoding: .utf8)!)
+
+// ... and if we had received a request for an article without
+// including the author:
+let otherResponseBody = articleDocument(includeAuthor: false)
+let otherResponseData = try! encoder.encode(otherResponseBody)
+print("-----")
+print(String(data: otherResponseData, encoding: .utf8)!)
+
+// MARK: - Client Pseudo-example
+
+enum NetworkError: Swift.Error {
+    case serverError
+    case quantityMismatch
+}
+
+// Skipping over all the API stuff, here's a chunk of code that will
+// decode a document. We will assume we have made a request for a
+// single article including the author.
+func docode(articleResponseData: Data) throws -> (article: Article, author: Author) {
+    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+    decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase
+
+    let articleDocument = try decoder.decode(SingleArticleDocumentWithIncludes.self, from: articleResponseData)
+
+    switch articleDocument.body {
+    case .data(let data):
+        let authors = data.includes[Author.self]
+
+        guard authors.count == 1 else {
+            throw NetworkError.quantityMismatch
+        }
+
+        return (article: data.primary.value, author: authors[0])
+    case .errors(let errors, meta: _, links: _):
+        throw NetworkError.serverError
+    }
+}
+
+let response = try! docode(articleResponseData: responseData)
+
+// Next step would be to do something useful with the article and author but we will print them instead.
+print("-----")
+print(response.article)
+print(response.author)

JSONAPI.playground/Pages/Full Document Verbose Generation.xcplaygroundpage/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+
+import Foundation
+import JSONAPI
+
+/*
+
+This is not realistically what JSONAPI code will look like. It makes
+every bit of sense to typealias the long-winded generics of this
+framework to make working with them more concise and readable.
+
+The purpose of this example, then, is not to show "good" JSONAPI
+code, but rather to generate a JSONAPI example document that uses
+all the various (often optional) parts of a JSONAPI document.
+
+The JSON example produced in this manner can be used to compare the
+nomenclature of this library with the nomenclature of the JSON:API Spec.
+
+*/
+
+// MARK: - Extensions
+extension Foundation.URL: JSONAPIURL {}
+
+// extension String: CreatableRawIdType {} found in playground Entities.swift file.
+
+// MARK: - Definitions
+/// Metadata associated with entities
+struct EntityMetadata: JSONAPI.Meta {
+	let creationDate: Date
+	let updatedDate: Date
+}
+
+/// Metadata associated with links
+struct LinkMeta: JSONAPI.Meta {
+	/// Don't trust this link past the expiry date.
+	let expiry: Date
+}
+
+/// Links associated with entities
+struct EntityLinks: JSONAPI.Links {
+	let `self`: Link<Foundation.URL, LinkMeta>
+
+	init(selfLink: Link<Foundation.URL, LinkMeta>) {
+		self.`self` = selfLink
+	}
+}
+
+/// Metadata associated with relationships
+struct ToManyRelationshipMetadata: JSONAPI.Meta {
+	/// Pagination for the relationship (to support really large
+	/// to-many relationships)
+	let pagination: Pagination
+
+	struct Pagination: Codable, Equatable {
+		let total: Int
+		let limit: Int
+		let offset: Int
+	}
+}
+
+/// Links associated with relationships
+struct ToManyRelationshipLinks: JSONAPI.Links {
+	/// next page of relationships.
+	let next: Link<Foundation.URL, LinkMeta>
+}
+
+/// Description of an Author entity.
+enum AuthorDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+	static var jsonType: String { return "authors" }
+
+	struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+		let name: Attribute<String>
+	}
+
+	struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+		let articles: ToManyRelationship<Article, ToManyRelationshipMetadata, ToManyRelationshipLinks>
+	}
+}
+
+typealias Author = JSONAPI.ResourceObject<AuthorDescription, EntityMetadata, EntityLinks, String>
+
+/// Description of an Article entity.
+enum ArticleDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+	static var jsonType: String { return "articles" }
+
+	struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+		let title: Attribute<String>
+	}
+
+	struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+		/// The primary attributed author of the article.
+		let primaryAuthor: ToOneRelationship<Author, NoMetadata, NoLinks>
+		/// All authors excluding the primary author.
+		/// It is customary to print the primary author's
+		/// name first, followed by the other authors.
+		let otherAuthors: ToManyRelationship<Author, ToManyRelationshipMetadata, ToManyRelationshipLinks>
+	}
+}
+
+typealias Article = JSONAPI.ResourceObject<ArticleDescription, EntityMetadata, EntityLinks, String>
+
+/// Metadata associated with the API Description
+struct APIDescriptionMetadata: JSONAPI.Meta {
+	/// A clever codename for this API version.
+	let codename: String
+}
+
+/// Metadata associated with any Document
+struct DocumentMetadata: JSONAPI.Meta {
+	/// Assuming caching is in play, this is when
+	/// the cached document being returned was created.
+	let updatedDate: Date
+}
+
+/// Links associated with an Article Document
+struct SingleArticleDocumentLinks: JSONAPI.Links {
+	let otherArticlesByPrimaryAuthor: Link<Foundation.URL, LinkMeta>
+}
+
+/// Error that can occur when retrieving a Single Article Document
+enum ArticleDocumentError: String, JSONAPIError, Codable {
+	case unknownError = "unknown"
+	case missing = "missing"
+
+	static var unknown: ArticleDocumentError {
+		return .unknownError
+	}
+}
+
+typealias SingleArticleDocument = JSONAPI.Document<SingleResourceBody<Article>, DocumentMetadata, SingleArticleDocumentLinks, Include1<Author>, APIDescription<APIDescriptionMetadata>, ArticleDocumentError>
+
+// MARK: - Instantiations
+let authorId1 = Author.Identifier()
+let authorId2 = Author.Identifier()
+let authorId3 = Author.Identifier()
+
+let now = Date()
+let tomorrow = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: 1, to: now)!
+
+let tomorrowEntityMeta = EntityMetadata(creationDate: Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: -10, to: now)!,
+										updatedDate: Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: -2, to: now)!)
+let articleLinks = EntityLinks(selfLink: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/article/1234")!,
+											   meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow)))
+let article = Article(attributes: .init(title: .init(value: "How to read JSONAPI")),
+					  relationships: .init(primaryAuthor: .init(id: authorId1),
+										   otherAuthors: .init(ids: [authorId2, authorId3],
+															   meta: .init(pagination: .init(total: 2,
+																							 limit: 50,
+																							 offset: 0)),
+															   links: .init(next: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/article/1234?otherAuthors[offset]=50")!,
+																						meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow))))),
+					  meta: tomorrowEntityMeta,
+					  links: articleLinks)
+
+let author1Links = EntityLinks(selfLink: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/author/\(authorId1.rawValue)")!,
+											   meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow)))
+let author1 = Author(id: authorId1,
+					 attributes: .init(name: .init(value: "James Kinney")),
+					 relationships: .init(articles: .init(ids: [article.id, Article.Identifier(), Article.Identifier()],
+														  meta: .init(pagination: .init(total: 3,
+																						limit: 50,
+																						offset: 0)),
+														  links: .init(next: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/author/\(authorId1.rawValue)?articles[offset]=50")!, meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow))))),
+					 meta: tomorrowEntityMeta,
+					 links: author1Links)
+
+let author2Links = EntityLinks(selfLink: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/author/\(authorId2.rawValue)")!,
+											   meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow)))
+let author2 = Author(id: authorId2,
+					 attributes: .init(name: .init(value: "James Kinney")),
+					 relationships: .init(articles: .init(ids: [article.id, Article.Identifier()],
+														  meta: .init(pagination: .init(total: 2,
+																						limit: 50,
+																						offset: 0)),
+														  links: .init(next: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/author/\(authorId2.rawValue)?articles[offset]=50")!, meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow))))),
+					 meta: tomorrowEntityMeta,
+					 links: author2Links)
+
+let author3Links = EntityLinks(selfLink: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/author/\(authorId3.rawValue)")!,
+											   meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow)))
+let author3 = Author(id: authorId3,
+					 attributes: .init(name: .init(value: "James Kinney")),
+					 relationships: .init(articles: .init(ids: [article.id],
+														  meta: .init(pagination: .init(total: 1,
+																						limit: 50,
+																						offset: 0)),
+														  links: .init(next: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/author/\(authorId3.rawValue)?articles[offset]=50")!, meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow))))),
+					 meta: tomorrowEntityMeta,
+					 links: author3Links)
+
+let apiDescription = APIDescription<APIDescriptionMetadata>(version: "1.2",
+															meta: APIDescriptionMetadata(codename: "cobra"))
+
+let documentMetadata = DocumentMetadata(updatedDate: Date())
+
+let documentLinks = SingleArticleDocumentLinks(otherArticlesByPrimaryAuthor: .init(url: URL(string: "https://articles.com/articles?author=\(authorId1.rawValue)")!,
+																				   meta: .init(expiry: tomorrow)))
+
+let singleArticleDocument = SingleArticleDocument(apiDescription: apiDescription,
+												  body: .init(resourceObject: article),
+												  includes: .init(values: [.init(author1), .init(author2), .init(author3)]),
+												  meta: documentMetadata,
+												  links: documentLinks)
+
+// MARK: - Encoding
+let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+encoder.keyEncodingStrategy = .convertToSnakeCase
+encoder.dateEncodingStrategy = .iso8601
+encoder.outputFormatting = .prettyPrinted
+
+let jsonData = try! encoder.encode(singleArticleDocument)
+
+// MARK: - Printing JSON
+print(String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8)!)

JSONAPI.playground/Pages/PATCHing.xcplaygroundpage/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//: [Previous](@previous)
+
+import Foundation
+import JSONAPI
+
+/*******
+
+ Please enjoy these examples, but allow me the forced casting and the lack of error checking for the sake of brevity.
+
+ This playground focuses on receiving a resource, making some changes, and then creating a request body for a PATCH request.
+ As with all examples in these playround pages, no actual networking code will be provided.
+
+ ********/
+
+// Mock up a server response
+let mockDogData = """
+{
+    "data": {
+        "id": "1234",
+        "type": "dogs",
+        "attributes": {
+            "name": "Sparky"
+        },
+        "relationships": {
+            "owner": {
+                "data": null
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+""".data(using: .utf8)!
+
+//
+// MARK: - EXAMPLE 1 (Mutable Attributes)
+//
+
+// pretend to have requested a Dog and received the mock data
+// now parse it.
+let parsedResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(MutableDogDocument.self, from: mockDogData)
+
+// extract our Dog (skipping over any robustness to handle errors)
+var dog = parsedResponse.body.primaryResource!.value
+print("Received dog named: \(dog.name)")
+
+// change the dog's name
+let changedDog = dog.tappingAttributes { $0.name = .init(value: "Julia") }
+
+// create a document to be used as a request body for a PATCH request
+let patchRequest = MutableDogDocument(apiDescription: .none,
+                                      body: .init(resourceObject: changedDog),
+                                      includes: .none,
+                                      meta: .none,
+                                      links: .none)
+
+// encode and send off to server
+let encodedPatchRequest = try! JSONEncoder().encode(patchRequest)
+print("----")
+print(String(data: encodedPatchRequest, encoding:.utf8)!)
+
+
+//
+// MARK: - EXAMPLE 2 (Immutable Attributes)
+//
+print()
+print("####")
+print()
+
+// pretend to have requested a Dog and received the mock data
+// now parse it.
+let parsedResponse2 = try! JSONDecoder().decode(SingleDogDocument.self, from: mockDogData)
+
+// extract our Dog (skipping over any robustness to handle errors)
+var dog2 = parsedResponse2.body.primaryResource!.value
+print("Received dog named: \(dog2.name)")
+
+// change the dog's name
+let changedDog2 = dog2.replacingAttributes { _ in
+    return .init(name: .init(value: "Nigel"))
+}
+
+// create a document to be used as a request body for a PATCH request
+let patchRequest2 = SingleDogDocument(apiDescription: .none,
+                                      body: .init(resourceObject: changedDog2),
+                                      includes: .none,
+                                      meta: .none,
+                                      links: .none)
+
+// encode and send off to server
+let encodedPatchRequest2 = try! JSONEncoder().encode(patchRequest2)
+print("----")
+print(String(data: encodedPatchRequest2, encoding:.utf8)!)
+
+
+//
+// MARK: - EXAMPLE 3 (Change relationship)
+//
+print()
+print("####")
+print()
+
+// pretend to have requested a Dog and received the mock data
+// now parse it.
+let parsedResponse3 = try! JSONDecoder().decode(SingleDogDocument.self, from: mockDogData)
+
+// extract our Dog (skipping over any robustness to handle errors)
+var dog3 = parsedResponse2.body.primaryResource!.value
+print("Received dog with owner: \(dog3 ~> \.owner)")
+
+// give the dog an owner
+let changedDog3 = dog3.replacingRelationships { _ in
+    return .init(owner: .init(id: Id(rawValue: "1")))
+}
+
+// create a document to be used as a request body for a PATCH request
+let patchRequest3 = SingleDogDocument(apiDescription: .none,
+                                      body: .init(resourceObject: changedDog3),
+                                      includes: .none,
+                                      meta: .none,
+                                      links: .none)
+
+// encode and send off to server
+let encodedPatchRequest3 = try! JSONEncoder().encode(patchRequest3)
+print("----")
+print(String(data: encodedPatchRequest3, encoding:.utf8)!)

JSONAPI.playground/Pages/Sparse Fieldsets Example.xcplaygroundpage/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+import JSONAPI
+import Foundation
+
+// MARK: - Resource Object
+
+enum ThingWithPropertiesDescription: JSONAPI.ResourceObjectDescription {
+    static let jsonType: String = "thing"
+
+    //
+    // NOTE: `JSONAPI.SparsableAttributes` as opposed to `JSONAPI.Attributes`
+    //
+    struct Attributes: JSONAPI.SparsableAttributes {
+        let stringThing: Attribute<String>
+        let numberThing: Attribute<Double>
+        let boolThing: Attribute<Bool?>
+
+        //
+        // NOTE: Special implementation of `CodingKeys`
+        //
+        enum CodingKeys: String, JSONAPI.SparsableCodingKey {
+            case stringThing
+            case numberThing
+            case boolThing
+        }
+    }
+
+    typealias Relationships = NoRelationships
+}
+
+typealias ThingWithProperties = JSONAPI.ResourceObject<ThingWithPropertiesDescription, NoMetadata, NoLinks, String>
+
+// MARK: - Document
+
+//
+// NOTE: Using `JSONAPI.EncodableResourceBody` which means the document type will be `Encodable` but not `Decodable`.
+//
+typealias Document<PrimaryResourceBody: JSONAPI.EncodableResourceBody, IncludeType: JSONAPI.Include> = JSONAPI.Document<PrimaryResourceBody, NoMetadata, NoLinks, IncludeType, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>
+
+//
+// NOTE: Using `JSONAPI.EncodablePrimaryResource` which means the `ResourceBody` will be `Encodable` but not `Decodable.
+//
+typealias SingleDocument<T: JSONAPI.EncodablePrimaryResource> = Document<SingleResourceBody<T>, NoIncludes>
+
+// MARK: - Resource Initialization
+
+let resource = ThingWithProperties(id: .init(rawValue: "1234"),
+                                   attributes: .init(stringThing: .init(value: "hello world"),
+                                                     numberThing: .init(value: 10),
+                                                     boolThing: .init(value: nil)),
+                                   relationships: .none,
+                                   meta: .none,
+                                   links: .none)
+//
+// NOTE: Creating a sparse resource that will only encode
+//       the attribute named "stringThing"
+//
+let sparseResource = resource.sparse(with: [.stringThing])
+
+// MARK: - Encoding
+
+let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+
+let sparseResourceDoc = SingleDocument(apiDescription: .none,
+                                       body: .init(resourceObject: sparseResource),
+                                       includes: .none,
+                                       meta: .none,
+                                       links: .none)
+
+let data = try! encoder.encode(sparseResourceDoc)
+
+print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)

JSONAPI.playground/Pages/Test Library.xcplaygroundpage/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//: [Previous](@previous)
+
+import Foundation
+import JSONAPI
+import JSONAPITesting
+
+/*******
+
+Please enjoy these examples, but allow me the forced casting and the lack of error checking for the sake of brevity.
+
+********/
+
+// MARK: - Literal Expressibility
+// The JSONAPITesting framework provides literal expressibility for key types to
+// make creating tests easier
+let dog = Dog(id: "1234", attributes: Dog.Attributes(name: "Buddy"), relationships: Dog.Relationships(owner: nil), meta: .none, links: .none)
+
+// MARK: - JSON API structure checking
+// The JSONAPITesting framework provides a `check` function for each Entity type
+// that uses reflection to catch mistakes that are not forbidden by
+// Swift's type system but will result in unexpected results when
+// encoding/decoding. It is a good idea to add a `check` to each of
+// your unit tests that create Entities.
+try Dog.check(dog)

JSONAPI.playground/Pages/Usage.xcplaygroundpage/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+
+import Foundation
+import JSONAPI
+
+/*******
+
+Please enjoy these examples, but allow me the forced casting and the lack of error checking for the sake of brevity.
+
+********/
+
+
+// MARK: - Create a request or response body with one Dog in it
+let dogFromCode = try! Dog(name: "Buddy", owner: nil)
+
+let singleDogDocument = SingleDogDocument(apiDescription: .none, body: .init(resourceObject: dogFromCode), includes: .none, meta: .none, links: .none)
+
+let singleDogData = try! JSONEncoder().encode(singleDogDocument)
+
+
+// MARK: - Parse a request or response body with one Dog in it
+let dogResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(SingleDogDocument.self, from: singleDogData)
+let dogFromData = dogResponse.body.primaryResource?.value
+let dogOwner: Person.Identifier? = dogFromData.flatMap { $0 ~> \.owner }
+
+
+// MARK: - Parse a request or response body with one Dog in it using an alternative model
+typealias AltSingleDogDocument = JSONAPI.Document<SingleResourceBody<AlternativeDog>, NoMetadata, NoLinks, NoIncludes, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>
+let altDogResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(AltSingleDogDocument.self, from: singleDogData)
+let altDogFromData = altDogResponse.body.primaryResource?.value
+let altDogHuman: Person.Identifier? = altDogFromData.flatMap { $0 ~> \.human }
+
+
+// MARK: - Create a request or response with multiple people and dogs and houses included
+let personIds = [Person.Identifier(), Person.Identifier()]
+let dogs = try! [Dog(name: "Buddy", owner: personIds[0]), Dog(name: "Joy", owner: personIds[0]), Dog(name: "Travis", owner: personIds[1])]
+let houses = [House(attributes: .none, relationships: .none, meta: .none, links: .none), House(attributes: .none, relationships: .none, meta: .none, links: .none)]
+let people = try! [Person(id: personIds[0], name: ["Gary", "Doe"], favoriteColor: "Orange-Red", friends: [], dogs: [dogs[0], dogs[1]], home: houses[0]), Person(id: personIds[1], name: ["Elise", "Joy"], favoriteColor: "Red", friends: [], dogs: [dogs[2]], home: houses[1])]
+
+let includes = dogs.map { BatchPeopleDocument.Include($0) } + houses.map { BatchPeopleDocument.Include($0) }
+let batchPeopleDocument = BatchPeopleDocument(apiDescription: .none, body: .init(resourceObjects: people), includes: .init(values: includes), meta: .none, links: .none)
+let batchPeopleData = try! JSONEncoder().encode(batchPeopleDocument)
+
+
+// MARK: - Parse a request or response body with multiple people in it and dogs and houses included
+
+let peopleResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(BatchPeopleDocument.self, from: batchPeopleData)
+let peopleFromData = peopleResponse.body.primaryResource?.values
+let dogsFromData = peopleResponse.body.includes?[Dog.self]
+let housesFromData = peopleResponse.body.includes?[House.self]
+
+print("-----")
+print(peopleResponse)
+print("-----")
+
+
+// MARK: - Pass successfully parsed body to other parts of the code
+
+if case let .data(bodyData) = peopleResponse.body {
+	print("first person's name: \(bodyData.primary.values[0].fullName)")
+} else {
+	print("no body data")
+}
+
+
+// MARK: - Work in the abstract
+print("-----")
+func process<T: JSONAPIDocument>(document: T) {
+	guard case let .data(body) = document.body else {
+		return
+	}
+	let x: T.Body.Data = body
+}
+process(document: peopleResponse)
+
+// MARK: - Work with errors
+typealias ErrorDoc = JSONAPI.Document<NoResourceBody, NoMetadata, NoLinks, NoIncludes, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>
+
+let mockErrorData =
+"""
+{
+    "errors": [
+        {
+            "status": "500",
+            "title": "Internal Server Error",
+            "detail": "Server fell over while parsing your request."
+        }
+    ]
+}
+""".data(using: .utf8)!
+
+let errorResponse = try! JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorDoc.self, from: mockErrorData)
+
+switch errorResponse.body {
+case .data:
+    print("cool, data!")
+case .errors(let errors, let meta, let links):
+    let errorDetails = errors.compactMap { $0.payload?.detail }
+    print("error details: \(errorDetails)")
+}

JSONAPI.playground/Sources/Entities.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+//
+//  Examples.swift
+//  JSONAPI
+//
+//  Created by Mathew Polzin on 11/12/18.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import JSONAPI
+
+/*******
+
+Please enjoy these examples, but allow me the forced casting and the lack of error checking for the sake of brevity.
+
+********/
+
+// MARK: - String as CreatableRawIdType
+var globalStringId: Int = 0
+extension String: CreatableRawIdType {
+	public static func unique() -> String {
+		globalStringId += 1
+		return String(globalStringId)
+	}
+}
+
+// MARK: - typealiases for convenience
+public typealias ExampleEntity<Description: ResourceObjectDescription> = ResourceObject<Description, NoMetadata, NoLinks, String>
+public typealias ToOne<E: Identifiable> = ToOneRelationship<E, NoMetadata, NoLinks>
+public typealias ToMany<E: Relatable> = ToManyRelationship<E, NoMetadata, NoLinks>
+
+// MARK: - A few resource objects (entities)
+public enum PersonDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+
+	public static var jsonType: String { return "people" }
+	
+	public struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+		public let name: Attribute<[String]>
+		public let favoriteColor: Attribute<String>
+
+		public var fullName: Attribute<String> {
+			return name.map { $0.joined(separator: " ") }
+		}
+
+		public init(name: Attribute<[String]>, favoriteColor: Attribute<String>) {
+			self.name = name
+			self.favoriteColor = favoriteColor
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+		public let friends: ToMany<Person>
+		public let dogs: ToMany<Dog>
+		public let home: ToOne<House>
+
+		public init(friends: ToMany<Person>, dogs: ToMany<Dog>, home: ToOne<House>) {
+			self.friends = friends
+			self.dogs = dogs
+			self.home = home
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+public typealias Person = ExampleEntity<PersonDescription>
+
+public extension ResourceObject where Description == PersonDescription, MetaType == NoMetadata, LinksType == NoLinks, EntityRawIdType == String {
+	init(id: Person.Id? = nil,name: [String], favoriteColor: String, friends: [Person], dogs: [Dog], home: House) throws {
+		self = Person(id: id ?? Person.Id(), attributes: .init(name: .init(value: name), favoriteColor: .init(value: favoriteColor)), relationships: .init(friends: .init(resourceObjects: friends), dogs: .init(resourceObjects: dogs), home: .init(resourceObject: home)), meta: .none, links: .none)
+	}
+}
+
+public enum DogDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+
+	public static var jsonType: String { return "dogs" }
+
+	public struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+		public let name: Attribute<String>
+
+		public init(name: Attribute<String>) {
+			self.name = name
+		}
+	}
+
+	public struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+		public let owner: ToOne<Person?>
+
+		public init(owner: ToOne<Person?>) {
+			self.owner = owner
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+public typealias Dog = ExampleEntity<DogDescription>
+
+public enum AlternativeDogDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+
+	public static var jsonType: String { return "dogs" }
+
+	public struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+		public let name: Attribute<String>
+
+		public init(name: Attribute<String>) {
+			self.name = name
+		}
+	}
+
+	public struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+		public let human: ToOne<Person?>
+
+		public init(human: ToOne<Person?>) {
+			self.human = human
+		}
+
+		// define custom key mapping:
+		enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+			case human = "owner"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+public typealias AlternativeDog = ExampleEntity<AlternativeDogDescription>
+
+public enum MutableDogDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+
+    public static var jsonType: String { return "dogs" }
+
+    public struct Attributes: JSONAPI.Attributes {
+        public var name: Attribute<String>
+
+        public init(name: Attribute<String>) {
+            self.name = name
+        }
+    }
+
+    public struct Relationships: JSONAPI.Relationships {
+        public var owner: ToOne<Person?>
+
+        public init(owner: ToOne<Person?>) {
+            self.owner = owner
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+public typealias MutableDog = ExampleEntity<MutableDogDescription>
+
+public extension ResourceObject where Description == DogDescription, MetaType == NoMetadata, LinksType == NoLinks, EntityRawIdType == String {
+	init(name: String, owner: Person?) throws {
+		self = Dog(attributes: .init(name: .init(value: name)), relationships: DogDescription.Relationships(owner: .init(resourceObject: owner)), meta: .none, links: .none)
+	}
+
+	init(name: String, owner: Person.Id) throws {
+		self = Dog(attributes: .init(name: .init(value: name)), relationships: .init(owner: .init(id: owner)), meta: .none, links: .none)
+	}
+}
+
+public enum HouseDescription: ResourceObjectDescription {
+
+	public static var jsonType: String { return "houses" }
+
+	public typealias Attributes = NoAttributes
+	public typealias Relationships = NoRelationships
+}
+
+public typealias House = ExampleEntity<HouseDescription>
+
+public typealias SingleDogDocument = JSONAPI.Document<SingleResourceBody<Dog>, NoMetadata, NoLinks, NoIncludes, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>
+
+public typealias MutableDogDocument = JSONAPI.Document<SingleResourceBody<MutableDog>, NoMetadata, NoLinks, NoIncludes, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>
+
+public typealias BatchPeopleDocument = JSONAPI.Document<ManyResourceBody<Person>, NoMetadata, NoLinks, Include2<Dog, House>, NoAPIDescription, BasicJSONAPIError<String>>

JSONAPI.playground/contents.xcplayground

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<playground version='6.0' target-platform='macos'>
+    <pages>
+        <page name='Test Library'/>
+        <page name='Usage'/>
+        <page name='Full Client &amp; Server Example'/>
+        <page name='Full Document Verbose Generation'/>
+        <page name='Sparse Fieldsets Example'/>
+        <page name='PATCHing'/>
+    </pages>
+</playground>

JSONAPI.podspec

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#
+#  Be sure to run `pod spec lint JSONAPI.podspec' to ensure this is a
+#  valid spec and to remove all comments including this before submitting the spec.
+#
+#  To learn more about Podspec attributes see https://docs.cocoapods.org/specification.html
+#  To see working Podspecs in the CocoaPods repo see https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs/
+#
+
+Pod::Spec.new do |spec|
+
+  # ―――  Spec Metadata  ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  These will help people to find your library, and whilst it
+  #  can feel like a chore to fill in it's definitely to your advantage. The
+  #  summary should be tweet-length, and the description more in depth.
+  #
+
+  spec.name         = "MP-JSONAPI"
+  spec.version      = "2.5.0"
+  spec.summary      = "Swift Codable JSON API framework."
+
+  # This description is used to generate tags and improve search results.
+  #   * Think: What does it do? Why did you write it? What is the focus?
+  #   * Try to keep it short, snappy and to the point.
+  #   * Write the description between the DESC delimiters below.
+  #   * Finally, don't worry about the indent, CocoaPods strips it!
+  spec.description  = <<-DESC
+  A Swift package for encoding to- and decoding from JSON API compliant requests and responses.
+
+See the JSON API Spec here: https://jsonapi.org/format/
+                   DESC
+
+  spec.homepage     = "https://github.com/mattpolzin/JSONAPI"
+  # spec.screenshots  = "www.example.com/screenshots_1.gif", "www.example.com/screenshots_2.gif"
+
+
+  # ―――  Spec License  ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  Licensing your code is important. See https://choosealicense.com for more info.
+  #  CocoaPods will detect a license file if there is a named LICENSE*
+  #  Popular ones are 'MIT', 'BSD' and 'Apache License, Version 2.0'.
+  #
+
+  # spec.license      = "MIT"
+  spec.license      = { :type => "MIT", :file => "LICENSE.txt" }
+
+
+  # ――― Author Metadata  ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  Specify the authors of the library, with email addresses. Email addresses
+  #  of the authors are extracted from the SCM log. E.g. $ git log. CocoaPods also
+  #  accepts just a name if you'd rather not provide an email address.
+  #
+  #  Specify a social_media_url where others can refer to, for example a twitter
+  #  profile URL.
+  #
+
+  spec.author             = { "Mathew Polzin" => "matt.polzin@gmail.com" }
+  # Or just: spec.author    = "Mathew Polzin"
+  # spec.authors            = { "Mathew Polzin" => "matt.polzin@gmail.com" }
+  # spec.social_media_url   = "https://twitter.com/Mathew Polzin"
+
+  # ――― Platform Specifics ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  If this Pod runs only on iOS or OS X, then specify the platform and
+  #  the deployment target. You can optionally include the target after the platform.
+  #
+
+  # spec.platform     = :ios
+  # spec.platform     = :ios, "5.0"
+
+  #  When using multiple platforms
+  spec.ios.deployment_target = "8.0"
+  spec.osx.deployment_target = "10.9"
+  # spec.watchos.deployment_target = "2.0"
+  # spec.tvos.deployment_target = "9.0"
+
+
+  # ――― Source Location ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  Specify the location from where the source should be retrieved.
+  #  Supports git, hg, bzr, svn and HTTP.
+  #
+
+  spec.source       = { :git => "https://github.com/mattpolzin/JSONAPI.git", :tag => "#{spec.version}" }
+
+
+  # ――― Source Code ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  CocoaPods is smart about how it includes source code. For source files
+  #  giving a folder will include any swift, h, m, mm, c & cpp files.
+  #  For header files it will include any header in the folder.
+  #  Not including the public_header_files will make all headers public.
+  #
+
+  spec.source_files  = "Sources/JSONAPI/**/*.{swift}"
+  # spec.exclude_files = "Classes/Exclude"
+
+  # spec.public_header_files = "Classes/**/*.h"
+
+
+  # ――― Resources ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  A list of resources included with the Pod. These are copied into the
+  #  target bundle with a build phase script. Anything else will be cleaned.
+  #  You can preserve files from being cleaned, please don't preserve
+  #  non-essential files like tests, examples and documentation.
+  #
+
+  # spec.resource  = "icon.png"
+  # spec.resources = "Resources/*.png"
+
+  # spec.preserve_paths = "FilesToSave", "MoreFilesToSave"
+
+
+  # ――― Project Linking ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  Link your library with frameworks, or libraries. Libraries do not include
+  #  the lib prefix of their name.
+  #
+
+  # spec.frameworks = "SomeFramework", "AnotherFramework"
+
+  # spec.library   = "iconv"
+  # spec.libraries = "iconv", "xml2"
+
+
+  # ――― Project Settings ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― #
+  #
+  #  If your library depends on compiler flags you can set them in the xcconfig hash
+  #  where they will only apply to your library. If you depend on other Podspecs
+  #  you can include multiple dependencies to ensure it works.
+
+  spec.swift_version = "5.1"
+  spec.module_name   = "JSONAPI"
+  # spec.requires_arc = true
+
+  # spec.xcconfig = { "HEADER_SEARCH_PATHS" => "$(SDKROOT)/usr/include/libxml2" }
+  spec.dependency "Poly", "~> 2.2"
+
+end

LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Copyright 2018 Mathew Polzin
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Package.resolved

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   "object": {
     "pins": [
       {
-        "package": "Result",
-        "repositoryURL": "https://github.com/antitypical/Result.git",
+        "package": "Poly",
+        "repositoryURL": "https://github.com/mattpolzin/Poly.git",
         "state": {
           "branch": null,
-          "revision": "8fc088dcf72802801efeecba76ea8fb041fb773d",
-          "version": "4.0.0"
+          "revision": "18cd995be5c28c4dfdc1464e54ee0efb03e215bf",
+          "version": "2.3.0"
         }
       }
     ]

Package.swift

@@ -1,28 +1,38 @@
-// swift-tools-version:4.2
+// swift-tools-version:5.1
 // The swift-tools-version declares the minimum version of Swift required to build this package.
 
 import PackageDescription
 
 let package = Package(
     name: "JSONAPI",
+    platforms: [
+        .macOS(.v10_10),
+        .iOS(.v10)
+    ],
     products: [
-        // Products define the executables and libraries produced by a package, and make them visible to other packages.
         .library(
             name: "JSONAPI",
             targets: ["JSONAPI"]),
+        .library(
+            name: "JSONAPITesting",
+            targets: ["JSONAPITesting"])
     ],
     dependencies: [
-        .package(url: "https://github.com/antitypical/Result.git", from: "4.0.0")
+        .package(url: "https://github.com/mattpolzin/Poly.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "2.3.0")),
     ],
     targets: [
-        // Targets are the basic building blocks of a package. A target can define a module or a test suite.
-        // Targets can depend on other targets in this package, and on products in packages which this package depends on.
         .target(
             name: "JSONAPI",
-            dependencies: ["Result"]),
+            dependencies: ["Poly"]),
+        .target(
+            name: "JSONAPITesting",
+            dependencies: ["JSONAPI"]),
         .testTarget(
             name: "JSONAPITests",
-            dependencies: ["JSONAPI"]),
+            dependencies: ["JSONAPI", "JSONAPITesting"]),
+        .testTarget(
+            name: "JSONAPITestingTests",
+            dependencies: ["JSONAPI", "JSONAPITesting"])
     ],
-  	swiftLanguageVersions: [.v4_2]
+    swiftLanguageVersions: [.v5]
 )

Sources/JSONAPI/Document/APIDescription.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//
+//  APIDescription.swift
+//  JSONAPI
+//
+//  Created by Mathew Polzin on 12/1/18.
+//
+
+/// This is what the JSON API Spec calls the "JSON:API Object"
+public protocol APIDescriptionType: Codable, Equatable {
+    associatedtype Meta
+}
+
+/// This is what the JSON API Spec calls the "JSON:API Object"
+public struct APIDescription<Meta: JSONAPI.Meta>: APIDescriptionType {
+    public let version: String
+    public let meta: Meta
+
+    public init(version: String, meta: Meta) {
+        self.version = version
+        self.meta = meta
+    }
+}
+
+/// Can be used as `APIDescriptionType` for Documents that do not
+/// have any API Description (a.k.a. "JSON:API Object").
+public struct NoAPIDescription: APIDescriptionType, CustomStringConvertible {
+    public typealias Meta = NoMetadata
+
+    public init() {}
+
+    public static var none: NoAPIDescription { return .init() }
+
+    public var description: String { return "No JSON:API Object" }
+}
+
+extension APIDescription {
+    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+        case version
+        case meta
+    }
+
+    public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
+        let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
+
+        // The spec says that if a version is not specified, it should be assumed to be at least 1.0
+        version = (try? container.decode(String.self, forKey: .version)) ?? "1.0"
+
+        if let metaVal = NoMetadata() as? Meta {
+            meta = metaVal
+        } else {
+            meta = try container.decode(Meta.self, forKey: .meta)
+        }
+    }
+
+    public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+        var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
+
+        try container.encode(version, forKey: .version)
+
+        if Meta.self != NoMetadata.self {
+            try container.encode(meta, forKey: .meta)
+        }
+    }
+}

Sources/JSONAPI/Document/DocumentDecodingError.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//
+//  DocumentDecodingErro.swift
+//  
+//
+//  Created by Mathew Polzin on 10/20/19.
+//
+
+public enum JSONAPIDocumentDecodingError: Swift.Error {
+    case foundErrorDocumentWhenExpectingSuccess
+    case foundSuccessDocumentWhenExpectingError
+}

Sources/JSONAPI/Document/Error.swift

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  Error.swift
-//  JSONAPI
-//
-//  Created by Mathew Polzin on 11/10/18.
-//
-
-public protocol JSONAPIError: Swift.Error, Equatable, Codable {
-	static var unknown: Self { get }
-}
-
-public enum BasicJSONAPIError: JSONAPIError {
-	case unknownError
-	
-	public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
-		self = .unknown
-	}
-
-	public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
-		var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
-		try container.encode("unknown")
-	}
-	
-	public static var unknown: BasicJSONAPIError {
-		return .unknownError
-	}
-}