The prediction for future is difficult and when the cpuidle governor prediction
fails and govenor possibly choose the shallower C-state than it should. How to
quickly notice and find the failure becomes important for power saving.
The patch extends to general case that prediction logic get a small predicted
residency, so it choose a shallow C-state though the expected residency is large
. Once the prediction will be fail, the CPU will keep staying at shallow C-state
for a long time. Acutally, the CPU has change enter into deep C-state.
So when the expected residency is long enough but governor choose a shallow
C-state, an timer will be added in order to monitor if the prediction failure.
When C-state is waken up prior to the adding timer, the timer will be cancelled
initiatively. When the timer is triggered and menu governor will quickly notice
prediction failure and re-evaluates deeper C-states possibility.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Youquan Song <youquan.song@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The prediction for future is difficult and when the cpuidle governor prediction
fails and govenor possibly choose the shallower C-state than it should. How to
quickly notice and find the failure becomes important for power saving.
cpuidle menu governor has a method to predict the repeat pattern if there are 8
C-states residency which are continuous and the same or very close, so it will
predict the next C-states residency will keep same residency time.
There is a real case that turbostat utility (tools/power/x86/turbostat)
at kernel 3.3 or early. turbostat utility will read 10 registers one by one at
Sandybridge, so it will generate 10 IPIs to wake up idle CPUs. So cpuidle menu
governor will predict it is repeat mode and there is another IPI wake up idle
CPU soon, so it keeps idle CPU stay at C1 state even though CPU is totally
idle. However, in the turbostat, following 10 registers reading is sleep 5
seconds by default, so the idle CPU will keep at C1 for a long time though it is
idle until break event occurs.
In a idle Sandybridge system, run "./turbostat -v", we will notice that deep
C-state dangles between "70% ~ 99%". After patched the kernel, we will notice
deep C-state stays at >99.98%.
In the patch, a timer is added when menu governor detects a repeat mode and
choose a shallow C-state. The timer is set to a time out value that greater
than predicted time, and we conclude repeat mode prediction failure if timer is
triggered. When repeat mode happens as expected, the timer is not triggered
and CPU waken up from C-states and it will cancel the timer initiatively.
When repeat mode does not happen, the timer will be time out and menu governor
will quickly notice that the repeat mode prediction fails and then re-evaluates
deeper C-states possibility.
Below is another case which will clearly show the patch much benefit:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
volatile int * shutdown;
volatile long * count;
int delay = 20;
int loop = 8;
void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"Usage: idle_predict [options]\n"
" --help -h Print this help\n"
" --thread -n Thread number\n"
" --loop -l Loop times in shallow Cstate\n"
" --delay -t Sleep time (uS)in shallow Cstate\n");
}
void *simple_loop() {
int idle_num = 1;
while (!(*shutdown)) {
*count = *count + 1;
if (idle_num % loop)
usleep(delay);
else {
/* sleep 1 second */
usleep(1000000);
idle_num = 0;
}
idle_num++;
}
}
static void sighand(int sig)
{
*shutdown = 1;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
sigset_t sigset;
int signum = SIGALRM;
int i, c, er = 0, thread_num = 8;
pthread_t pt[1024];
static char optstr[] = "n:l:t:h:";
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, optstr)) != EOF)
switch (c) {
case 'n':
thread_num = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'l':
loop = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 't':
delay = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'h':
default:
usage();
exit(1);
}
printf("thread=%d,loop=%d,delay=%d\n",thread_num,loop,delay);
count = malloc(sizeof(long));
shutdown = malloc(sizeof(int));
*count = 0;
*shutdown = 0;
sigemptyset(&sigset);
sigaddset(&sigset, signum);
sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &sigset, NULL);
signal(SIGINT, sighand);
signal(SIGTERM, sighand);
for(i = 0; i < thread_num ; i++)
pthread_create(&pt[i], NULL, simple_loop, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < thread_num; i++)
pthread_join(pt[i], NULL);
exit(0);
}
Get powertop V2 from git://github.com/fenrus75/powertop, build powertop.
After build the above test application, then run it.
Test plaform can be Intel Sandybridge or other recent platforms.
#./idle_predict -l 10 &
#./powertop
We will find that deep C-state will dangle between 40%~100% and much time spent
on C1 state. It is because menu governor wrongly predict that repeat mode
is kept, so it will choose the C1 shallow C-state even though it has chance to
sleep 1 second in deep C-state.
While after patched the kernel, we find that deep C-state will keep >99.6%.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Youquan Song <youquan.song@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Move the kobj initialization and completion in the sysfs.c
and encapsulate the code more.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The function needs the cpuidle_device which is initially passed to the
caller.
The current code gets the struct device from the struct cpuidle_device,
pass it the cpuidle_add_sysfs function. This function calls
per_cpu(cpuidle_devices, cpu) to get the cpuidle_device.
This patch pass the cpuidle_device instead and simplify the code.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Pull networking fixes from David Miller:
"Bug fixes galore, mostly in drivers as is often the case:
1) USB gadget and cdc_eem drivers need adjustments to their frame size
lengths in order to handle VLANs correctly. From Ian Coolidge.
2) TIPC and several network drivers erroneously call tasklet_disable
before tasklet_kill, fix from Xiaotian Feng.
3) r8169 driver needs to apply the WOL suspend quirk to more chipsets,
fix from Cyril Brulebois.
4) Fix multicast filters on RTL_GIGA_MAC_VER_35 r8169 chips, from
Nathan Walp.
5) FDB netlink dumps should use RTM_NEWNEIGH as the message type, not
zero. From John Fastabend.
6) Fix smsc95xx tx checksum offload on big-endian, from Steve
Glendinning.
7) __inet_diag_dump() needs to repsect and report the error value
returned from inet_diag_lock_handler() rather than ignore it.
Otherwise if an inet diag handler is not available for a particular
protocol, we essentially report success instead of giving an error
indication. Fix from Cyrill Gorcunov.
8) When the QFQ packet scheduler sees TSO/GSO packets it does not
handle things properly, and in fact ends up corrupting it's
datastructures as well as mis-schedule packets. Fix from Paolo
Valente.
9) Fix oopser in skb_loop_sk(), from Eric Leblond.
10) CXGB4 passes partially uninitialized datastructures in to FW
commands, fix from Vipul Pandya.
11) When we send unsolicited ipv6 neighbour advertisements, we should
send them to the link-local allnodes multicast address, as per
RFC4861. Fix from Hannes Frederic Sowa.
12) There is some kind of bug in the usbnet's kevent deferral
mechanism, but more immediately when it triggers an uncontrolled
stream of kernel messages spam the log. Rate limit the error log
message triggered when this problem occurs, as sending thousands
of error messages into the kernel log doesn't help matters at all,
and in fact makes further diagnosis more difficult.
From Steve Glendinning.
13) Fix gianfar restore from hibernation, from Wang Dongsheng.
14) The netlink message attribute sizes are wrong in the ipv6 GRE
driver, it was using the size of ipv4 addresses instead of ipv6
ones :-) Fix from Nicolas Dichtel."
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net:
gre6: fix rtnl dump messages
gianfar: ethernet vanishes after restoring from hibernation
usbnet: ratelimit kevent may have been dropped warnings
ipv6: send unsolicited neighbour advertisements to all-nodes
net: usb: cdc_eem: Fix rx skb allocation for 802.1Q VLANs
usb: gadget: g_ether: fix frame size check for 802.1Q
cxgb4: Fix initialization of SGE_CONTROL register
isdn: Make CONFIG_ISDN depend on CONFIG_NETDEVICES
cxgb4: Initialize data structures before using.
af-packet: fix oops when socket is not present
pkt_sched: enable QFQ to support TSO/GSO
net: inet_diag -- Return error code if protocol handler is missed
net: bnx2x: Fix typo in bnx2x driver
smsc95xx: fix tx checksum offload for big endian
rtnetlink: Use nlmsg type RTM_NEWNEIGH from dflt fdb dump
ptp: update adjfreq callback description
r8169: allow multicast packets on sub-8168f chipset.
r8169: Fix WoL on RTL8168d/8111d.
drivers/net: use tasklet_kill in device remove/close process
tipc: do not use tasklet_disable before tasklet_kill
Pull sparc fixes from David Miller:
"Several build/bug fixes for sparc, including:
1) Configuring a mix of static vs. modular sparc64 crypto modules
didn't work, remove an ill-conceived attempt to only have to build
the device match table for these drivers once to fix the problem.
Reported by Meelis Roos.
2) Make the montgomery multiple/square and mpmul instructions actually
usable in 32-bit tasks. Essentially this involves providing 32-bit
userspace with a way to use a 64-bit stack when it needs to.
3) Our sparc64 atomic backoffs don't yield cpu strands properly on
Niagara chips. Use pause instruction when available to achieve
this, otherwise use a benign instruction we know blocks the strand
for some time.
4) Wire up kcmp
5) Fix the build of various drivers by removing the unnecessary
blocking of OF_GPIO when SPARC.
6) Fix unintended regression wherein of_address_to_resource stopped
being provided. Fix from Andreas Larsson.
7) Fix NULL dereference in leon_handle_ext_irq(), also from Andreas
Larsson."
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc:
sparc64: Fix build with mix of modular vs. non-modular crypto drivers.
sparc: Support atomic64_dec_if_positive properly.
of/address: sparc: Declare of_address_to_resource() as an extern function for sparc again
sparc32, leon: Check for existent irq_map entry in leon_handle_ext_irq
sparc: Add sparc support for platform_get_irq()
sparc: Allow OF_GPIO on sparc.
qlogicpti: Fix build warning.
sparc: Wire up sys_kcmp.
sparc64: Improvde documentation and readability of atomic backoff code.
sparc64: Use pause instruction when available.
sparc64: Fix cpu strand yielding.
sparc64: Make montmul/montsqr/mpmul usable in 32-bit threads.
Pull cifs fixes from Jeff Layton.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
cifs: Do not lookup hashed negative dentry in cifs_atomic_open
cifs: fix potential buffer overrun in cifs.idmap handling code
Pull arm64 fixes from Catalin Marinas:
- correct argument type (pgprot_t) when calling __ioremap()
- PCI_IOBASE virtual address change
- use architected event for CPU cycle counter
- fix ELF core dumping
- select CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
- missing completion for secondary CPU boot
- booting on systems with all memory beyond 4GB
* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmarinas/linux-aarch64:
arm64: mm: fix booting on systems with no memory below 4GB
arm64: smp: add missing completion for secondary boot
arm64: compat: select CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
arm64: elf: fix core dumping definitions for GP and FP registers
arm64: perf: use architected event for CPU cycle counter
arm64: Move PCI_IOBASE closer to MODULES_VADDR
arm64: Use pgprot_t as the last argument when invoking __ioremap()
Pull Xen fixes from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk:
"There are three ARM compile fixes (we forgot to export certain
functions and if the drivers are built as an module - we go belly-up).
There is also an mismatch of irq_enter() / exit_idle() calls sequence
which were fixed some time ago in other piece of codes, but failed to
appear in the Xen code.
Lastly a fix for to help in the field with troubleshooting in case we
cannot get the appropriate parameter and also fallback code when
working with very old hypervisors."
Bug-fixes:
- Fix compile issues on ARM.
- Fix hypercall fallback code for old hypervisors.
- Print out which HVM parameter failed if it fails.
- Fix idle notifier call after irq_enter.
* tag 'stable/for-linus-3.7-rc5-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen:
xen/arm: Fix compile errors when drivers are compiled as modules (export more).
xen/arm: Fix compile errors when drivers are compiled as modules.
xen/generic: Disable fallback build on ARM.
xen/events: fix RCU warning, or Call idle notifier after irq_enter()
xen/hvm: If we fail to fetch an HVM parameter print out which flag it is.
xen/hypercall: fix hypercall fallback code for very old hypervisors
We tried linking in a single built object to hold the device table,
but only works if all of the sparc64 crypto modules get built the same
way (modular vs. non-modular).
Just include the device ID stub into each driver source file so that
the table gets compiled into the correct result in all cases.
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Sparc32 already supported it, as a consequence of using the
generic atomic64 implementation. And the sparc64 implementation
is rather trivial.
This allows us to set ARCH_HAS_ATOMIC64_DEC_IF_POSITIVE for all
of sparc, and avoid the annoying warning from lib/atomic64_test.c
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This bug-fix makes sure that of_address_to_resource is defined extern for sparc
so that the sparc-specific implementation of of_address_to_resource() is once
again used when including include/linux/of_address.h in a sparc context. A
number of drivers in mainline relies on this function working for sparc.
The bug was introduced in a850a75544, "of/address:
add empty static inlines for !CONFIG_OF". Contrary to that commit title, the
static inlines are added for !CONFIG_OF_ADDRESS, and CONFIG_OF_ADDRESS is never
defined for sparc. This is good behavior for the other functions in
include/linux/of_address.h, as the extern functions defined in
drivers/of/address.c only gets linked when OF_ADDRESS is configured. However,
for of_address_to_resource there exists a sparc-specific implementation in
arch/sparc/arch/sparc/kernel/of_device_common.c
Solution suggested by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
If an irq is being unlinked concurrently with leon_handle_ext_irq,
irq_map[eirq] might be null in leon_handle_ext_irq. Make sure that
this is not dereferenced.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This adds sparc support for platform_get_irq that in the normal case use
platform_get_resource() to get an irq. This standard approach fails for sparc as
there are no resources of type IORESOURCE_IRQ for irqs for sparc.
Cross platform drivers can then use this standard platform function and work on
sparc instead of having to have a special case for sparc.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
If a gianfar ethernet device is down prior to hibernating a
system, it will no longer be present upon system restore.
For example:
~# ifconfig eth0 down
~# echo disk > /sys/power/state
<trigger a restore from hibernation>
~# ifconfig eth0 up
SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such device
This happens because the restore function bails out early upon
finding devices that were not up at hibernation. In doing so,
it never gets to the netif_device_attach call at the end of
the restore function. Adding the netif_device_attach as done
here also makes the gfar_restore code consistent with what is
done in the gfar_resume code.
Cc: Claudiu Manoil <claudiu.manoil@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Wang Dongsheng <dongsheng.wang@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Acked-by: Claudiu Manoil <claudiu.manoil@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
when something goes wrong, a flood of these messages can be
generated by usbnet (thousands per second). This doesn't
generally *help* the condition so this patch ratelimits the
rate of their generation.
There's an underlying problem in usbnet's kevent deferral
mechanism which needs fixing, specifically that events *can*
get dropped and not handled. This patch doesn't address this,
but just mitigates fallout caused by the current implemention.
Signed-off-by: Steve Glendinning <steve.glendinning@shawell.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
As documented in RFC4861 (Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6) 7.2.6.,
unsolicited neighbour advertisements should be sent to the all-nodes
multicast address.
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Pull drm fixes (again) from Dave Airlie:
"dropped the ball on a vmware patch, so two more fixes for vmwgfx are
here, one for hibernate issue, one for a BUG trigger."
* 'drm-fixes' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
drm/vmwgfx: Fix a case where the code would BUG when trying to pin GMR memory
drm/vmwgfx: Fix hibernation device reset
Pull crypto fix from Herbert Xu:
"This push fixes a potential panic in cryptd which may occur with
crypto drivers such as aesni-intel."
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6:
crypto: cryptd - disable softirqs in cryptd_queue_worker to prevent data corruption
Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
"Most of commits are for stable and regression fixes. Except for one
fix for a regression in 3.7-rc4, there are all driver local changes,
so nothing too much to worry."
* tag 'sound-3.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
ALSA: Fix card refcount unbalance
ALSA: hda - Add new codec ALC668 and ALC900 (default name ALC1150)
ALSA: hda - Improve HP depop when system enter to S3
ALSA: usb-audio: Fix crash at re-preparing the PCM stream
ALSA: hdspm - Fix sync check reporting on RME RayDAT
ALSA: hda - Add pin fixups for ASUS G75
ALSA: hda - Fix invalid connections in VT1802 codec
ALSA: hda - Fix empty DAC filling in patch_via.c
ALSA: hda - Force to reset IEC958 status bits for AD codecs
ALSA: es1968: Add ESS vendor ID to pm_whitelist
ALSA: HDA: Mark CS260x immutable structures const
ALSA: HDA: Fix digital microphone on CS420x
ALSA: hda: Cirrus: Fix coefficient index for beep configuration
ALSA: hda - support Teradici 2200 host card audio
ALSA: Fix typo in drivers sound
The commit 911dec0db4
"xen/arm: Fix compile errors when drivers are compiled as modules." exports
the neccessary functions. But to guard ourselves against out-of-tree modules
and future drivers hitting this, lets export all of the relevant
hypercalls.
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Youquan Song
Daniel Lezcano
Linus Torvalds
David S. Miller
Andreas Larsson
Nicolas Dichtel
Wang Dongsheng
Steve Glendinning
Hannes Frederic Sowa
Stefano Stabellini