This a complete rewrite of the oom killer's badness() heuristic which is
used to determine which task to kill in oom conditions. The goal is to
make it as simple and predictable as possible so the results are better
understood and we end up killing the task which will lead to the most
memory freeing while still respecting the fine-tuning from userspace.
Instead of basing the heuristic on mm->total_vm for each task, the task's
rss and swap space is used instead. This is a better indication of the
amount of memory that will be freeable if the oom killed task is chosen
and subsequently exits. This helps specifically in cases where KDE or
GNOME is chosen for oom kill on desktop systems instead of a memory
hogging task.
The baseline for the heuristic is a proportion of memory that each task is
currently using in memory plus swap compared to the amount of "allowable"
memory. "Allowable," in this sense, means the system-wide resources for
unconstrained oom conditions, the set of mempolicy nodes, the mems
attached to current's cpuset, or a memory controller's limit. The
proportion is given on a scale of 0 (never kill) to 1000 (always kill),
roughly meaning that if a task has a badness() score of 500 that the task
consumes approximately 50% of allowable memory resident in RAM or in swap
space.
The proportion is always relative to the amount of "allowable" memory and
not the total amount of RAM systemwide so that mempolicies and cpusets may
operate in isolation; they shall not need to know the true size of the
machine on which they are running if they are bound to a specific set of
nodes or mems, respectively.
Root tasks are given 3% extra memory just like __vm_enough_memory()
provides in LSMs. In the event of two tasks consuming similar amounts of
memory, it is generally better to save root's task.
Because of the change in the badness() heuristic's baseline, it is also
necessary to introduce a new user interface to tune it. It's not possible
to redefine the meaning of /proc/pid/oom_adj with a new scale since the
ABI cannot be changed for backward compatability. Instead, a new tunable,
/proc/pid/oom_score_adj, is added that ranges from -1000 to +1000. It may
be used to polarize the heuristic such that certain tasks are never
considered for oom kill while others may always be considered. The value
is added directly into the badness() score so a value of -500, for
example, means to discount 50% of its memory consumption in comparison to
other tasks either on the system, bound to the mempolicy, in the cpuset,
or sharing the same memory controller.
/proc/pid/oom_adj is changed so that its meaning is rescaled into the
units used by /proc/pid/oom_score_adj, and vice versa. Changing one of
these per-task tunables will rescale the value of the other to an
equivalent meaning. Although /proc/pid/oom_adj was originally defined as
a bitshift on the badness score, it now shares the same linear growth as
/proc/pid/oom_score_adj but with different granularity. This is required
so the ABI is not broken with userspace applications and allows oom_adj to
be deprecated for future removal.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oom killer tasklist dump, enabled with the oom_dump_tasks sysctl, is
very helpful information in diagnosing why a user's task has been killed.
It emits useful information such as each eligible thread's memory usage
that can determine why the system is oom, so it should be enabled by
default.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6: (82 commits)
firewire: core: add forgotten dummy driver methods, remove unused ones
firewire: add isochronous multichannel reception
firewire: core: small clarifications in core-cdev
firewire: core: remove unused code
firewire: ohci: release channel in error path
firewire: ohci: use memory barriers to order descriptor updates
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: increment program version
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: remove unused code
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: use linux/firewire-constants.h
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: break up a deeply nested function
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: make some symbols static or const
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: change to kernel coding style
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: work around segfault in decode_fcp
tools/firewire: nosy-dump: fix it on x86-64
tools/firewire: add userspace front-end of nosy
firewire: nosy: note ioctls in ioctl-number.txt
firewire: nosy: use generic printk macros
firewire: nosy: endianess fixes and annotations
firewire: nosy: annotate __user pointers and __iomem pointers
firewire: nosy: fix device shutdown with active client
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6: (214 commits)
ALSA: hda - Add pin-fix for HP dc5750
ALSA: als4000: Fix potentially invalid DMA mode setup
ALSA: als4000: enable burst mode
ALSA: hda - Fix initial capsrc selection in patch_alc269()
ASoC: TWL4030: Capture route runtime DAPM ordering fix
ALSA: hda - Add PC-beep whitelist for an Intel board
ALSA: hda - More relax for pending period handling
ALSA: hda - Define AC_FMT_* constants
ALSA: hda - Fix beep frequency on IDT 92HD73xx and 92HD71Bxx codecs
ALSA: hda - Add support for HDMI HBR passthrough
ALSA: hda - Set Stream Type in Stream Format according to AES0
ALSA: hda - Fix Thinkpad X300 so SPDIF is not exposed
ALSA: hda - FIX to not expose SPDIF on Thinkpad X301, since it does not have the ability to use SPDIF
ASoC: wm9081: fix resource reclaim in wm9081_register error path
ASoC: wm8978: fix a memory leak if a wm8978_register fail
ASoC: wm8974: fix a memory leak if another WM8974 is registered
ASoC: wm8961: fix resource reclaim in wm8961_register error path
ASoC: wm8955: fix resource reclaim in wm8955_register error path
ASoC: wm8940: fix a memory leak if wm8940_register return error
ASoC: wm8904: fix resource reclaim in wm8904_register error path
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ryusuke/nilfs2: (45 commits)
nilfs2: reject filesystem with unsupported block size
nilfs2: avoid rec_len overflow with 64KB block size
nilfs2: simplify nilfs_get_page function
nilfs2: reject incompatible filesystem
nilfs2: add feature set fields to super block
nilfs2: clarify byte offset in super block format
nilfs2: apply read-ahead for nilfs_btree_lookup_contig
nilfs2: introduce check flag to btree node buffer
nilfs2: add btree get block function with readahead option
nilfs2: add read ahead mode to nilfs_btnode_submit_block
nilfs2: fix buffer head leak in nilfs_btnode_submit_block
nilfs2: eliminate inline keywords in btree implementation
nilfs2: get maximum number of child nodes from bmap object
nilfs2: reduce repetitive calculation of max number of child nodes
nilfs2: optimize calculation of min/max number of btree node children
nilfs2: remove redundant pointer checks in bmap lookup functions
nilfs2: get rid of nilfs_bmap_union
nilfs2: unify bmap set_target_v operations
nilfs2: get rid of nilfs_btree uses
nilfs2: get rid of nilfs_direct uses
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
[DNS RESOLVER] Minor typo correction
DNS: Fixes for the DNS query module
cifs: Include linux/err.h for IS_ERR and PTR_ERR
DNS: Make AFS go to the DNS for AFSDB records for unknown cells
DNS: Separate out CIFS DNS Resolver code
cifs: account for new creduid=0x%x parameter in spnego upcall string
cifs: reduce false positives with inode aliasing serverino autodisable
CIFS: Make cifs_convert_address() take a const src pointer and a length
cifs: show features compiled in as part of DebugData
cifs: update README
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/cifs/cifsfs.c due to workqueue changes
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq: (55 commits)
workqueue: mark init_workqueues() as early_initcall()
workqueue: explain for_each_*cwq_cpu() iterators
fscache: fix build on !CONFIG_SYSCTL
slow-work: kill it
gfs2: use workqueue instead of slow-work
drm: use workqueue instead of slow-work
cifs: use workqueue instead of slow-work
fscache: drop references to slow-work
fscache: convert operation to use workqueue instead of slow-work
fscache: convert object to use workqueue instead of slow-work
workqueue: fix how cpu number is stored in work->data
workqueue: fix mayday_mask handling on UP
workqueue: fix build problem on !CONFIG_SMP
workqueue: fix locking in retry path of maybe_create_worker()
async: use workqueue for worker pool
workqueue: remove WQ_SINGLE_CPU and use WQ_UNBOUND instead
workqueue: implement unbound workqueue
workqueue: prepare for WQ_UNBOUND implementation
libata: take advantage of cmwq and remove concurrency limitations
workqueue: fix worker management invocation without pending works
...
Fixed up conflicts in fs/cifs/* as per Tejun. Other trivial conflicts in
include/linux/workqueue.h, kernel/trace/Kconfig and kernel/workqueue.c
* 'x86-olpc-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, olpc: Constify an olpc_ofw() arg
x86, olpc: Use pr_debug() for EC commands
x86, olpc: Add comment about implicit optimization barrier
x86, olpc: Add support for calling into OpenFirmware
* 'timers-timekeeping-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
um: Fix read_persistent_clock fallout
kgdb: Do not access xtime directly
powerpc: Clean up obsolete code relating to decrementer and timebase
powerpc: Rework VDSO gettimeofday to prevent time going backwards
clocksource: Add __clocksource_updatefreq_hz/khz methods
x86: Convert common clocksources to use clocksource_register_hz/khz
timekeeping: Make xtime and wall_to_monotonic static
hrtimer: Cleanup direct access to wall_to_monotonic
um: Convert to use read_persistent_clock
timkeeping: Fix update_vsyscall to provide wall_to_monotonic offset
powerpc: Cleanup xtime usage
powerpc: Simplify update_vsyscall
time: Kill off CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME
time: Implement timespec_add
x86: Fix vtime/file timestamp inconsistencies
Trivial conflicts in Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
Much less trivial conflicts in arch/powerpc/kernel/time.c resolved as
per Thomas' earlier merge commit 47916be4e2 ("Merge branch
'powerpc.cherry-picks' into timers/clocksource")
* 'timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
Documentation: Add timers/timers-howto.txt
timer: Added usleep_range timer
Revert "timer: Added usleep[_range] timer"
clockevents: Remove the per cpu tick skew
posix_timer: Move copy_to_user(created_timer_id) down in timer_create()
timer: Added usleep[_range] timer
timers: Document meaning of deferrable timer
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/pcmcia-2.6:
pcmcia: avoid buffer overflow in pcmcia_setup_isa_irq
pcmcia: do not request windows if you don't need to
pcmcia: insert PCMCIA device resources into resource tree
pcmcia: export resource information to sysfs
pcmcia: use struct resource for PCMCIA devices, part 2
pcmcia: remove memreq_t
pcmcia: move local definitions out of include/pcmcia/cs.h
pcmcia: do not use io_req_t when calling pcmcia_request_io()
pcmcia: do not use io_req_t after call to pcmcia_request_io()
pcmcia: use struct resource for PCMCIA devices
pcmcia: clean up cs.h
pcmcia: use pcmica_{read,write}_config_byte
pcmcia: remove cs_types.h
pcmcia: remove unused flag, simplify headers
pcmcia: remove obsolete CS_EVENT_ definitions
pcmcia: split up central event handler
pcmcia: simplify event callback
pcmcia: remove obsolete ioctl
Conflicts in:
- drivers/staging/comedi/drivers/*
- drivers/staging/wlags49_h2/wl_cs.c
due to dev_info_t and whitespace changes
* 'linux-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6: (30 commits)
PCI: update for owner removal from struct device_attribute
PCI: Fix warnings when CONFIG_DMI unset
PCI: Do not run NVidia quirks related to MSI with MSI disabled
x86/PCI: use for_each_pci_dev()
PCI: use for_each_pci_dev()
PCI: MSI: Restore read_msi_msg_desc(); add get_cached_msi_msg_desc()
PCI: export SMBIOS provided firmware instance and label to sysfs
PCI: Allow read/write access to sysfs I/O port resources
x86/PCI: use host bridge _CRS info on ASRock ALiveSATA2-GLAN
PCI: remove unused HAVE_ARCH_PCI_SET_DMA_MAX_SEGMENT_{SIZE|BOUNDARY}
PCI: disable mmio during bar sizing
PCI: MSI: Remove unsafe and unnecessary hardware access
PCI: Default PCIe ASPM control to on and require !EMBEDDED to disable
PCI: kernel oops on access to pci proc file while hot-removal
PCI: pci-sysfs: remove casts from void*
ACPI: Disable ASPM if the platform won't provide _OSC control for PCIe
PCI hotplug: make sure child bridges are enabled at hotplug time
PCI hotplug: shpchp: Removed check for hotplug of display devices
PCI hotplug: pciehp: Fixed return value sign for pciehp_unconfigure_device
PCI: Don't enable aspm before drivers have had a chance to veto it
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6: (28 commits)
driver core: device_rename's new_name can be const
sysfs: Remove owner field from sysfs struct attribute
powerpc/pci: Remove owner field from attribute initialization in PCI bridge init
regulator: Remove owner field from attribute initialization in regulator core driver
leds: Remove owner field from attribute initialization in bd2802 driver
scsi: Remove owner field from attribute initialization in ARCMSR driver
scsi: Remove owner field from attribute initialization in LPFC driver
cgroupfs: create /sys/fs/cgroup to mount cgroupfs on
Driver core: Add BUS_NOTIFY_BIND_DRIVER
driver core: fix memory leak on one error path in bus_register()
debugfs: no longer needs to depend on SYSFS
sysfs: Fix one more signature discrepancy between sysfs implementation and docs.
sysfs: fix discrepancies between implementation and documentation
dcdbas: remove a redundant smi_data_buf_free in dcdbas_exit
dmi-id: fix a memory leak in dmi_id_init error path
sysfs: sysfs_chmod_file's attr can be const
firmware: Update hotplug script
Driver core: move platform device creation helpers to .init.text (if MODULE=n)
Driver core: reduce duplicated code for platform_device creation
Driver core: use kmemdup in platform_device_add_resources
...
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (162 commits)
tracing/kprobes: unregister_trace_probe needs to be called under mutex
perf: expose event__process function
perf events: Fix mmap offset determination
perf, powerpc: fsl_emb: Restore setting perf_sample_data.period
perf, powerpc: Convert the FSL driver to use local64_t
perf tools: Don't keep unreferenced maps when unmaps are detected
perf session: Invalidate last_match when removing threads from rb_tree
perf session: Free the ref_reloc_sym memory at the right place
x86,mmiotrace: Add support for tracing STOS instruction
perf, sched migration: Librarize task states and event headers helpers
perf, sched migration: Librarize the GUI class
perf, sched migration: Make the GUI class client agnostic
perf, sched migration: Make it vertically scrollable
perf, sched migration: Parameterize cpu height and spacing
perf, sched migration: Fix key bindings
perf, sched migration: Ignore unhandled task states
perf, sched migration: Handle ignored migrate out events
perf: New migration tool overview
tracing: Drop cpparg() macro
perf: Use tracepoint_synchronize_unregister() to flush any pending tracepoint call
...
Fix up trivial conflicts in Makefile and drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c
Fixes for the DNS query module, including:
(1) Use 'negative' instead of '-ve' in the documentation.
(2) Mark the kdoc comment with '/**' on dns_query().
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
* 'kms-merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/linux-2.6-kgdb:
kgdb,docs: Update the kgdb docs to include kms
drm_fb_helper: Preserve capability to use atomic kms
i915: when kgdb is active display compression should be off
drm/i915: use new fb debug hooks
drm: add KGDB/KDB support
fb: add hooks to handle KDB enter/exit
kgdboc: Add call backs to allow kernel mode switching
vt,console,kdb: automatically set kdb LINES variable
vt,console,kdb: implement atomic console enter/leave functions
* 'misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6:
scripts/dtc: Fix a resource leak
Documentation: fix ubuntu distro name
MAINTAINERS: Update kbuild git URLs
Add support for the C variable in the coccicheck script
Add scripts/coccinelle/deref_null.cocci
Add scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci
Add scripts/coccinelle/resource_size.cocci
Add scripts/coccinelle/alloc/kzalloc-simple.cocci
Add scripts/coccinelle/alloc/drop_kmalloc_cast.cocci
Add Documentation/coccinelle.txt
Add a target to use the Coccinelle checker
scripts: decodecode: remove bashisms
Makefile: clarify a comment
checkkconfigsymbols.sh: Kconfig symbols sometimes have lowercase letters
scripts: add nconf into gitignore file
* 'kconfig' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6: (26 commits)
kconfig: add savedefconfig
kconfig: code refactoring in confdata.c
kconfig: refactor code in symbol.c
kconfig: add alldefconfig
kconfig: print more info when we see a recursive dependency
kconfig: save location of config symbols
kconfig: change nonint_oldconfig to listnewconfig
kconfig: rename loose_nonint_oldconfig => oldnoconfig
kconfig: use long options in conf
kconfig: fix MODULES-related bug in case of no .config
kconfig: make randconfig fair for booleans
kconfig: Don't write invisible choice values
kbuild: Warn on selecting symbols with unmet direct dependencies
scripts:conf.c Fix warning: variable 'type' set but not used
menuconfig: truncate list items
menuconfig: fix to center checklist correctly in a corner case
xconfig: add support to show hidden options which have prompts
xconfig: remove unused function
xconfig: clean up
gconfig: fix null pointer warning
...
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6:
modpost: support objects with more than 64k sections
trivial: fix a typo in a filename
frv: clean up arch/frv/Makefile
kbuild: allow assignment to {A,C}FLAGS_KERNEL on the command line
kbuild: allow assignment to {A,C,LD}FLAGS_MODULE on the command line
Kbuild: Add option to set -femit-struct-debug-baseonly
Makefile: "make kernelrelease" should show the correct full kernel version
Makefile.build: make KBUILD_SYMTYPES work again
Update the in-kernel hotplug example script to work
properly with recent kernels. Without this fix the
script may load the firmware twice - both at "add"
and "remove" time.
The second load only triggers in the case when multiple
firmware images are used. A good example is the b43
driver which does not work properly without this fix.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
David Rientjes
Mel Gorman
Linus Torvalds
David Howells
Ira Weiny
Bart Van Assche
Magnus Damm