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Merge branch 'misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6
* 'misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6: scripts/dtc: Fix a resource leak Documentation: fix ubuntu distro name MAINTAINERS: Update kbuild git URLs Add support for the C variable in the coccicheck script Add scripts/coccinelle/deref_null.cocci Add scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci Add scripts/coccinelle/resource_size.cocci Add scripts/coccinelle/alloc/kzalloc-simple.cocci Add scripts/coccinelle/alloc/drop_kmalloc_cast.cocci Add Documentation/coccinelle.txt Add a target to use the Coccinelle checker scripts: decodecode: remove bashisms Makefile: clarify a comment checkkconfigsymbols.sh: Kconfig symbols sometimes have lowercase letters scripts: add nconf into gitignore file
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Linus Torvalds
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Copyright 2010 Nicolas Palix <npalix@diku.dk>
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Copyright 2010 Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
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Copyright 2010 Gilles Muller <Gilles.Muller@lip6.fr>
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Getting Coccinelle
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The semantic patches included in the kernel use the 'virtual rule'
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feature which was introduced in Coccinelle version 0.1.11.
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Coccinelle (>=0.2.0) is available through the package manager
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of many distributions, e.g. :
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- Debian (>=squeeze)
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- Fedora (>=13)
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- Ubuntu (>=10.04 Lucid Lynx)
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- OpenSUSE
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- Arch Linux
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- NetBSD
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- FreeBSD
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You can get the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at
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http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/
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Once you have it, run the following command:
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./configure
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make
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as a regular user, and install it with
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sudo make install
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Using Coccinelle on the Linux kernel
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A Coccinelle-specific target is defined in the top level
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Makefile. This target is named 'coccicheck' and calls the 'coccicheck'
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front-end in the 'scripts' directory.
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Four modes are defined: report, patch, context, and org. The mode to
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use is specified by setting the MODE variable with 'MODE=<mode>'.
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'report' generates a list in the following format:
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file:line:column-column: message
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'patch' proposes a fix, when possible.
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'context' highlights lines of interest and their context in a
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diff-like style.Lines of interest are indicated with '-'.
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'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.
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Note that not all semantic patches implement all modes.
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To make a report for every semantic patch, run the following command:
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make coccicheck MODE=report
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NB: The 'report' mode is the default one.
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To produce patches, run:
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make coccicheck MODE=patch
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The coccicheck target applies every semantic patch available in the
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subdirectories of 'scripts/coccinelle' to the entire Linux kernel.
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For each semantic patch, a changelog message is proposed. It gives a
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description of the problem being checked by the semantic patch, and
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includes a reference to Coccinelle.
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As any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
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positives. Thus, reports must be carefully checked, and patches
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reviewed.
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Using Coccinelle with a single semantic patch
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The optional make variable COCCI can be used to check a single
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semantic patch. In that case, the variable must be initialized with
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the name of the semantic patch to apply.
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For instance:
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make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=patch
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or
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make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=report
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Proposing new semantic patches
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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New semantic patches can be proposed and submitted by kernel
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developers. For sake of clarity, they should be organized in the
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subdirectories of 'scripts/coccinelle/'.
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Detailed description of the 'report' mode
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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'report' generates a list in the following format:
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file:line:column-column: message
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Example:
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Running
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make coccicheck MODE=report COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci
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will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
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<smpl>
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@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@
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expression x;
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position p;
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@@
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ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x))
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@script:python depends on report@
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p << r.p;
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x << r.x;
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@@
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msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x)
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coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
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</smpl>
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This SmPL excerpt generates entries on the standard output, as
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illustrated below:
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/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c:188:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg
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/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c:619:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with auth
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/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c:227:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg
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Detailed description of the 'patch' mode
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When the 'patch' mode is available, it proposes a fix for each problem
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identified.
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Example:
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Running
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make coccicheck MODE=patch COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci
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will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
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<smpl>
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@ depends on !context && patch && !org && !report @
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expression x;
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@@
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- ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
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+ ERR_CAST(x)
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</smpl>
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This SmPL excerpt generates patch hunks on the standard output, as
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illustrated below:
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diff -u -p a/crypto/ctr.c b/crypto/ctr.c
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--- a/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200
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+++ b/crypto/ctr.c 2010-06-03 23:44:49.000000000 +0200
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@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct
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alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER,
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CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK);
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if (IS_ERR(alg))
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- return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg));
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+ return ERR_CAST(alg);
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/* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */
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err = -EINVAL;
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Detailed description of the 'context' mode
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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'context' highlights lines of interest and their context
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in a diff-like style.
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NOTE: The diff-like output generated is NOT an applicable patch. The
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intent of the 'context' mode is to highlight the important lines
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(annotated with minus, '-') and gives some surrounding context
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lines around. This output can be used with the diff mode of
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Emacs to review the code.
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Example:
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Running
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make coccicheck MODE=context COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci
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will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
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<smpl>
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@ depends on context && !patch && !org && !report@
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expression x;
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@@
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* ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
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</smpl>
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This SmPL excerpt generates diff hunks on the standard output, as
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illustrated below:
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diff -u -p /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c /tmp/nothing
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--- /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200
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+++ /tmp/nothing
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@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct
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alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER,
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CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK);
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if (IS_ERR(alg))
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- return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg));
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/* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */
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err = -EINVAL;
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Detailed description of the 'org' mode
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.
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Example:
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Running
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make coccicheck MODE=org COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci
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will execute the following part of the SmPL script.
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<smpl>
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@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@
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expression x;
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position p;
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@@
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ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x))
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@script:python depends on org@
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p << r.p;
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x << r.x;
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@@
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msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x)
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msg_safe=msg.replace("[","@(").replace("]",")")
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coccilib.org.print_todo(p[0], msg_safe)
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</smpl>
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This SmPL excerpt generates Org entries on the standard output, as
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illustrated below:
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* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=188::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]]
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* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=619::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with auth]]
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* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=227::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]]
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