Merge commit 'linus/master' into tracing/kprobes

Conflicts: kernel/trace/Makefile kernel/trace/trace.h kernel/trace/trace_event_types.h kernel/trace/trace_export.c Merge reason: Sync with latest significant tracing core changes.
2026-05-01 15:00:59 -07:00 · 2009-09-23 23:08:43 +02:00
parent 1f0ab40976 a724eada8c
commit d7a4b414ee
8267 changed files with 928274 additions and 467275 deletions
@@ -2800,7 +2800,7 @@ D: Starter of Linux1394 effort
 S: ask per mail for current address

 N: Nicolas Pitre
-E: nico@cam.org
+E: nico@fluxnic.net
 D: StrongARM SA1100 support integrator & hacker
 D: Xscale PXA architecture
 D: unified SMC 91C9x/91C11x ethernet driver (smc91x)
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ block/
 	- info on the Block I/O (BIO) layer.
 blockdev/
 	- info on block devices & drivers
+btmrvl.txt
+	- info on Marvell Bluetooth driver usage.
 cachetlb.txt
 	- describes the cache/TLB flushing interfaces Linux uses.
 cdrom/
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+What:		/sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/bl_power
+Date:		April 2005
+KernelVersion:	2.6.12
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Control BACKLIGHT power, values are FB_BLANK_* from fb.h
+		 - FB_BLANK_UNBLANK (0)   : power on.
+		 - FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN (4) : power off
+Users:		HAL
+
+What:		/sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/brightness
+Date:		April 2005
+KernelVersion:	2.6.12
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Control the brightness for this <backlight>. Values
+		are between 0 and max_brightness. This file will also
+		show the brightness level stored in the driver, which
+		may not be the actual brightness (see actual_brightness).
+Users:		HAL
+
+What:		/sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/actual_brightness
+Date:		March 2006
+KernelVersion:	2.6.17
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Show the actual brightness by querying the hardware.
+Users:		HAL
+
+What:		/sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/max_brightness
+Date:		April 2005
+KernelVersion:	2.6.12
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Maximum brightness for <backlight>.
+Users:		HAL
@@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ Description:
 		from this part of the device tree.
 		Depends on CONFIG_HOTPLUG.

+What:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/.../reset
+Date:		July 2009
+Contact:	Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
+Description:
+		Some devices allow an individual function to be reset
+		without affecting other functions in the same device.
+		For devices that have this support, a file named reset
+		will be present in sysfs.  Writing 1 to this file
+		will perform reset.
+
 What:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/.../vpd
 Date:		February 2008
 Contact:	Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com>
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What:		/sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/lcd_power
+Date:		April 2005
+KernelVersion:	2.6.12
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Control LCD power, values are FB_BLANK_* from fb.h
+		 - FB_BLANK_UNBLANK (0)   : power on.
+		 - FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN (4) : power off
+
+What:		/sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/contrast
+Date:		April 2005
+KernelVersion:	2.6.12
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Current contrast of this LCD device. Value is between 0 and
+		/sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/max_contrast.
+
+What:		/sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/max_contrast
+Date:		April 2005
+KernelVersion:	2.6.12
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Maximum contrast for this LCD device.
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What:		/sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness
+Date:		March 2006
+KernelVersion:	2.6.17
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Set the brightness of the LED. Most LEDs don't
+		have hardware brightness support so will just be turned on for
+		non-zero brightness settings. The value is between 0 and
+		/sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness.
+
+What:		/sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness
+Date:		March 2006
+KernelVersion:	2.6.17
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Maximum brightness level for this led, default is 255 (LED_FULL).
+
+What:		/sys/class/leds/<led>/trigger
+Date:		March 2006
+KernelVersion:	2.6.17
+Contact:	Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+		Set the trigger for this LED. A trigger is a kernel based source
+		of led events.
+		You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO
+		scheduler is chosen. Trigger specific parameters can appear in
+		/sys/class/leds/<led> once a given trigger is selected.
+
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Description:
 	/gpioN ... for each exported GPIO #N
 	    /value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs
 	    /direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write: high, low
+	    /edge ... r/w as: none, falling, rising, both
 	/gpiochipN ... for each gpiochip; #N is its first GPIO
 	    /base ... (r/o) same as N
 	    /label ... (r/o) descriptive, not necessarily unique
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/display
+Date:		January 2007
+KernelVersion:	2.6.20
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		This file allows display switching. The value
+		is composed by 4 bits and defined as follow:
+		4321
+		|||`- LCD
+		||`-- CRT
+		|`--- TV
+		`---- DVI
+		Ex: - 0 (0000b) means no display
+		    - 3 (0011b) CRT+LCD.
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/gps
+Date:		January 2007
+KernelVersion:	2.6.20
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Control the gps device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+Users:		Lapsus
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/ledd
+Date:		January 2007
+KernelVersion:	2.6.20
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Some models like the W1N have a LED display that can be
+		used to display several informations.
+		To control the LED display, use the following :
+		    echo 0x0T000DDD > /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/
+		where T control the 3 letters display, and DDD the 3 digits display.
+		The DDD table can be found in Documentation/laptops/asus-laptop.txt
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/bluetooth
+Date:		January 2007
+KernelVersion:	2.6.20
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Control the bluetooth device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+		This may control the led, the device or both.
+Users:		Lapsus
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/wlan
+Date:		January 2007
+KernelVersion:	2.6.20
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Control the bluetooth device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+		This may control the led, the device or both.
+Users:		Lapsus
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/disp
+Date:		May 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.26
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		This file allows display switching.
+		- 1 = LCD
+		- 2 = CRT
+		- 3 = LCD+CRT
+		If you run X11, you should use xrandr instead.
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/camera
+Date:		May 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.26
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Control the camera. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/cardr
+Date:		May 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.26
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Control the card reader. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/cpufv
+Date:		Jun 2009
+KernelVersion:	2.6.31
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		Change CPU clock configuration.
+		On the Eee PC 1000H there are three available clock configuration:
+		    * 0 -> Super Performance Mode
+		    * 1 -> High Performance Mode
+		    * 2 -> Power Saving Mode
+		On Eee PC 701 there is only 2 available clock configurations.
+		Available configuration are listed in available_cpufv file.
+		Reading this file will show the raw hexadecimal value which
+		is defined as follow:
+		| 8 bit | 8 bit |
+		    |       `---- Current mode
+		    `------------ Availables modes
+		For example, 0x301 means: mode 1 selected, 3 available modes.
+
+What:		/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/available_cpufv
+Date:		Jun 2009
+KernelVersion:	2.6.31
+Contact:	"Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+		List available cpufv modes.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml mcabook.xml device-drivers.xml \
 	    genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
 	    mac80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
 	    alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \
-	    tracepoint.xml
+	    tracepoint.xml media.xml

 ###
 # The build process is as follows (targets):
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ PS_METHOD	= $(prefer-db2x)

 ###
 # The targets that may be used.
-PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs
+PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs media

 BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS))
 xmldocs: $(BOOKS)
@@ -45,12 +45,16 @@ PDF := $(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(BOOKS))
 pdfdocs: $(PDF)

 HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS)))
-htmldocs: $(HTML)
+htmldocs: media $(HTML)
 	$(call build_main_index)

 MAN := $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(BOOKS))
 mandocs: $(MAN)

+media:
+	mkdir -p $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media/
+	cp $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/*.png $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/*.gif $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media/
+
 installmandocs: mandocs
 	mkdir -p /usr/local/man/man9/
 	install Documentation/DocBook/man/*.9.gz /usr/local/man/man9/
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+!*.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+<title>DVB CA Device</title>
+<para>The DVB CA device controls the conditional access hardware. It can be accessed through
+<emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0</emphasis>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be accessed by
+including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/ca.h</emphasis> in your application.
+</para>
+
+<section id="ca_data_types">
+<title>CA Data Types</title>
+
+
+<section id="ca_slot_info_t">
+<title>ca_slot_info_t</title>
+ <programlisting>
+ /&#x22C6; slot interface types and info &#x22C6;/
+
+ typedef struct ca_slot_info_s {
+	 int num;               /&#x22C6; slot number &#x22C6;/
+
+	 int type;           /&#x22C6; CA interface this slot supports &#x22C6;/
+ #define CA_CI            1  /&#x22C6; CI high level interface &#x22C6;/
+ #define CA_CI_LINK       2  /&#x22C6; CI link layer level interface &#x22C6;/
+ #define CA_CI_PHYS       4  /&#x22C6; CI physical layer level interface &#x22C6;/
+ #define CA_SC          128  /&#x22C6; simple smart card interface &#x22C6;/
+
+	 unsigned int flags;
+ #define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /&#x22C6; module (or card) inserted &#x22C6;/
+ #define CA_CI_MODULE_READY   2
+ } ca_slot_info_t;
+</programlisting>
+
+</section>
+<section id="ca_descr_info_t">
+<title>ca_descr_info_t</title>
+ <programlisting>
+ typedef struct ca_descr_info_s {
+	 unsigned int num;  /&#x22C6; number of available descramblers (keys) &#x22C6;/
+	 unsigned int type; /&#x22C6; type of supported scrambling system &#x22C6;/
+ #define CA_ECD           1
+ #define CA_NDS           2
+ #define CA_DSS           4
+ } ca_descr_info_t;
+</programlisting>
+
+</section>
+<section id="ca_cap_t">
+<title>ca_cap_t</title>
+ <programlisting>
+ typedef struct ca_cap_s {
+	 unsigned int slot_num;  /&#x22C6; total number of CA card and module slots &#x22C6;/
+	 unsigned int slot_type; /&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
+	 unsigned int descr_num; /&#x22C6; total number of descrambler slots (keys) &#x22C6;/
+	 unsigned int descr_type;/&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
+ } ca_cap_t;
+</programlisting>
+
+</section>
+<section id="ca_msg_t">
+<title>ca_msg_t</title>
+ <programlisting>
+ /&#x22C6; a message to/from a CI-CAM &#x22C6;/
+ typedef struct ca_msg_s {
+	 unsigned int index;
+	 unsigned int type;
+	 unsigned int length;
+	 unsigned char msg[256];
+ } ca_msg_t;
+</programlisting>
+
+</section>
+<section id="ca_descr_t">
+<title>ca_descr_t</title>
+ <programlisting>
+ typedef struct ca_descr_s {
+	 unsigned int index;
+	 unsigned int parity;
+	 unsigned char cw[8];
+ } ca_descr_t;
+</programlisting>
+ </section></section>
+<section id="ca_function_calls">
+<title>CA Function Calls</title>
+
+
+<section id="ca_fopen">
+<title>open()</title>
+<para>DESCRIPTION
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>This system call opens a named ca device (e.g. /dev/ost/ca) for subsequent use.</para>
+<para>When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use.
+ The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
+ documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
+ semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
+ be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
+ of the fcntl system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux
+ manual page for fcntl. Only one user can open the CA Device in O_RDWR
+ mode. All other attempts to open the device in this mode will fail, and an error
+ code will be returned.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+<para>SYNOPSIS
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+<para>PARAMETERS
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>const char
+ *deviceName</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>Name of specific video device.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>int flags</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>O_RDONLY read-only access</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+<para>ERRORS
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>ENODEV</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>EINTERNAL</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>Internal error.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>EBUSY</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>Device or resource busy.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>EINVAL</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>Invalid argument.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+
+</section>
+<section id="ca_fclose">
+<title>close()</title>
+<para>DESCRIPTION
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>This system call closes a previously opened audio device.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+<para>SYNOPSIS
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>int close(int fd);</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+<para>PARAMETERS
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>int fd</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+<para>ERRORS
+</para>
+<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>EBADF</para>
+</entry><entry
+ align="char">
+<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
+</entry>
+ </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
+ </section>
+</section>
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<partinfo>
+<authorgroup>
+<author>
+<firstname>Ralph</firstname>
+<surname>Metzler</surname>
+<othername role="mi">J. K.</othername>
+<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
+</author>
+<author>
+<firstname>Marcus</firstname>
+<surname>Metzler</surname>
+<othername role="mi">O. C.</othername>
+<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
+</author>
+<author>
+<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
+<surname>Chehab</surname>
+<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
+<affiliation><address><email>mchehab@redhat.com</email></address></affiliation>
+<contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib>
+</author>
+</authorgroup>
+<copyright>
+	<year>2002</year>
+	<year>2003</year>
+	<year>2009</year>
+	<holder>Convergence GmbH</holder>
+</copyright>
+
+<revhistory>
+<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
+<revision>
+<revnumber>2.0.1</revnumber>
+<date>2009-09-16</date>
+<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
+<revremark>
+Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher
+</revremark>
+</revision>
+<revision>
+<revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>
+<date>2009-09-06</date>
+<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
+<revremark>Conversion from LaTex to DocBook XML. The
+	contents is the same as the original LaTex version.</revremark>
+</revision>
+<revision>
+<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
+<date>2003-07-24</date>
+<authorinitials>rjkm</authorinitials>
+<revremark>Initial revision on LaTEX.</revremark>
+</revision>
+</revhistory>
+</partinfo>
+
+
+<title>LINUX DVB API</title>
+<subtitle>Version 3</subtitle>
+<!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE -->
+  <chapter id="dvb_introdution">
+    &sub-intro;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_frontend">
+    &sub-frontend;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_demux">
+    &sub-demux;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_video">
+    &sub-video;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_audio">
+    &sub-audio;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_ca">
+    &sub-ca;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_net">
+    &sub-net;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_kdapi">
+    &sub-kdapi;
+  </chapter>
+  <chapter id="dvb_examples">
+    &sub-examples;
+  </chapter>
+<!-- END OF CHAPTERS -->
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+<title>Examples</title>
+<para>In this section we would like to present some examples for using the DVB API.
+</para>
+<para>Maintainer note: This section is out of date. Please refer to the sample programs packaged
+with the driver distribution from <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org/hg/dvb-apps" />.
+</para>
+
+<section id="tuning">
+<title>Tuning</title>
+<para>We will start with a generic tuning subroutine that uses the frontend and SEC, as well as
+the demux devices. The example is given for QPSK tuners, but can easily be adjusted for
+QAM.
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+ #include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
+
+ #include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;linux/dvb/sec.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
+
+ #define DMX "/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux1"
+ #define FRONT "/dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1"
+ #define SEC "/dev/dvb/adapter0/sec1"
+
+ /&#x22C6; routine for checking if we have a signal and other status information&#x22C6;/
+ int FEReadStatus(int fd, fe_status_t &#x22C6;stat)
+ {
+	 int ans;
+
+	 if ( (ans = ioctl(fd,FE_READ_STATUS,stat) &#x003C; 0)){
+		 perror("FE READ STATUS: ");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_POWER)
+		 printf("FE HAS POWER\n");
+
+	 if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_SIGNAL)
+		 printf("FE HAS SIGNAL\n");
+
+	 if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_SPECTRUM_INV)
+		 printf("SPEKTRUM INV\n");
+
+	 return 0;
+ }
+
+
+ /&#x22C6; tune qpsk &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; freq:             frequency of transponder                      &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; vpid, apid, tpid: PIDs of video, audio and teletext TS packets  &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; diseqc:           DiSEqC address of the used LNB                &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; pol:              Polarisation                                  &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; srate:            Symbol Rate                                   &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; fec.              FEC                                           &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; lnb_lof1:         local frequency of lower LNB band             &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; lnb_lof2:         local frequency of upper LNB band             &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; lnb_slof:         switch frequency of LNB                       &#x22C6;/
+
+ int set_qpsk_channel(int freq, int vpid, int apid, int tpid,
+		 int diseqc, int pol, int srate, int fec, int lnb_lof1,
+		 int lnb_lof2, int lnb_slof)
+ {
+	 struct secCommand scmd;
+	 struct secCmdSequence scmds;
+	 struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
+	 FrontendParameters frp;
+	 struct pollfd pfd[1];
+	 FrontendEvent event;
+	 int demux1, demux2, demux3, front;
+
+	 frequency = (uint32_t) freq;
+	 symbolrate = (uint32_t) srate;
+
+	 if((front = open(FRONT,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("FRONTEND DEVICE: ");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 if((sec = open(SEC,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("SEC DEVICE: ");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
+		 if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
+		     &#x003C; 0){
+			 perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
+			 return -1;
+		 }
+	 }
+
+	 if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
+		 if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
+		     &#x003C; 0){
+			 perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
+			 return -1;
+		 }
+	 }
+
+	 if (demux3 &#x003C; 0){
+		 if ((demux3=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
+		     &#x003C; 0){
+			 perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
+			 return -1;
+		 }
+	 }
+
+	 if (freq &#x003C; lnb_slof) {
+		 frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof1);
+		 scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_OFF;
+	 } else {
+		 frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof2);
+		 scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_ON;
+	 }
+	 frp.Inversion = INVERSION_AUTO;
+	 if (pol) scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_18;
+	 else scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_13;
+
+	 scmd.type=0;
+	 scmd.u.diseqc.addr=0x10;
+	 scmd.u.diseqc.cmd=0x38;
+	 scmd.u.diseqc.numParams=1;
+	 scmd.u.diseqc.params[0] = 0xF0 | ((diseqc &#x22C6; 4) &amp; 0x0F) |
+		 (scmds.continuousTone == SEC_TONE_ON ? 1 : 0) |
+		 (scmds.voltage==SEC_VOLTAGE_18 ? 2 : 0);
+
+	 scmds.miniCommand=SEC_MINI_NONE;
+	 scmds.numCommands=1;
+	 scmds.commands=&amp;scmd;
+	 if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("SEC SEND: ");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("SEC SEND: ");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 frp.u.qpsk.SymbolRate = srate;
+	 frp.u.qpsk.FEC_inner = fec;
+
+	 if (ioctl(front, FE_SET_FRONTEND, &amp;frp) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("QPSK TUNE: ");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 pfd[0].fd = front;
+	 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
+
+	 if (poll(pfd,1,3000)){
+		 if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
+			 printf("Getting QPSK event\n");
+			 if ( ioctl(front, FE_GET_EVENT, &amp;event)
+
+			      == -EOVERFLOW){
+				 perror("qpsk get event");
+				 return -1;
+			 }
+			 printf("Received ");
+			 switch(event.type){
+			 case FE_UNEXPECTED_EV:
+				 printf("unexpected event\n");
+				 return -1;
+			 case FE_FAILURE_EV:
+				 printf("failure event\n");
+				 return -1;
+
+			 case FE_COMPLETION_EV:
+				 printf("completion event\n");
+			 }
+		 }
+	 }
+
+
+	 pesFilterParams.pid     = vpid;
+	 pesFilterParams.input   = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
+	 pesFilterParams.output  = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
+	 pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
+	 pesFilterParams.flags   = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
+	 if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("set_vpid");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 pesFilterParams.pid     = apid;
+	 pesFilterParams.input   = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
+	 pesFilterParams.output  = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
+	 pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
+	 pesFilterParams.flags   = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
+	 if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("set_apid");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 pesFilterParams.pid     = tpid;
+	 pesFilterParams.input   = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
+	 pesFilterParams.output  = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
+	 pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_TELETEXT;
+	 pesFilterParams.flags   = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
+	 if (ioctl(demux3, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("set_tpid");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 return has_signal(fds);
+ }
+
+</programlisting>
+<para>The program assumes that you are using a universal LNB and a standard DiSEqC
+switch with up to 4 addresses. Of course, you could build in some more checking if
+tuning was successful and maybe try to repeat the tuning process. Depending on the
+external hardware, i.e. LNB and DiSEqC switch, and weather conditions this may be
+necessary.
+</para>
+</section>
+
+<section id="the_dvr_device">
+<title>The DVR device</title>
+<para>The following program code shows how to use the DVR device for recording.
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+ #include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
+
+ #include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
+ #include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
+ #define DVR "/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr1"
+ #define AUDIO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/audio1"
+ #define VIDEO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/video1"
+
+ #define BUFFY (188&#x22C6;20)
+ #define MAX_LENGTH (1024&#x22C6;1024&#x22C6;5) /&#x22C6; record 5MB &#x22C6;/
+
+
+ /&#x22C6; switch the demuxes to recording, assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
+
+ /&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; vpid, apid:     PIDs of video and audio channels           &#x22C6;/
+
+ int switch_to_record(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
+ {
+	 struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
+
+	 if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
+		 if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
+		     &#x003C; 0){
+			 perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
+			 return -1;
+		 }
+	 }
+
+	 if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
+		 if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
+		     &#x003C; 0){
+			 perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
+			 return -1;
+		 }
+	 }
+
+	 pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
+	 pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
+	 pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
+	 pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
+	 pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
+	 if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+	 pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
+	 pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
+	 pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
+	 pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
+	 pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
+	 if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+	 return 0;
+ }
+
+ /&#x22C6; start recording MAX_LENGTH , assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
+
+ /&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
+ /&#x22C6; vpid, apid:     PIDs of video and audio channels           &#x22C6;/
+ int record_dvr(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
+ {
+	 int i;
+	 int len;
+	 int written;
+	 uint8_t buf[BUFFY];
+	 uint64_t length;
+	 struct pollfd pfd[1];
+	 int dvr, dvr_out;
+
+	 /&#x22C6; open dvr device &#x22C6;/
+	 if ((dvr = open(DVR, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) &#x003C; 0){
+			 perror("DVR DEVICE");
+			 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 /&#x22C6; switch video and audio demuxes to dvr &#x22C6;/
+	 printf ("Switching dvr on\n");
+	 i = switch_to_record(demux1, demux2, vpid, apid);
+	 printf("finished: ");
+
+	 printf("Recording %2.0f MB of test file in TS format\n",
+		MAX_LENGTH/(1024.0&#x22C6;1024.0));
+	 length = 0;
+
+	 /&#x22C6; open output file &#x22C6;/
+	 if ((dvr_out = open(DVR_FILE,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT
+				  |O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
+				  |S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|
+				  S_IWOTH)) &#x003C; 0){
+		 perror("Can't open file for dvr test");
+		 return -1;
+	 }
+
+	 pfd[0].fd = dvr;
+	 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
+
+	 /&#x22C6; poll for dvr data and write to file &#x22C6;/
+	 while (length &#x003C; MAX_LENGTH ) {
+		 if (poll(pfd,1,1)){
+			 if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
+				 len = read(dvr, buf, BUFFY);
+				 if (len &#x003C; 0){
+					 perror("recording");
+					 return -1;
+				 }
+				 if (len &#x003E; 0){
+					 written = 0;
+					 while (written &#x003C; len)
+						 written +=
+							 write (dvr_out,
+								buf, len);
+					 length += len;
+					 printf("written %2.0f MB\r",
+						length/1024./1024.);
+				 }
+			 }
+		 }
+	 }
+	 return 0;
+ }
+
+</programlisting>
+
+</section>
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+<title>Introduction</title>
+
+<section id="requisites">
+<title>What you need to know</title>
+
+<para>The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in
+the area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
+part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222), i.e
+you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
+meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.</para>
+
+<para>Various DVB standards documents are available from
+<ulink url="http://www.dvb.org" /> and/or
+<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org" />.</para>
+
+<para>It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and
+how to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
+</para>
+</section>
+
+<section id="history">
+<title>History</title>
+
+<para>The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
+was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily developed
+for frame grabber cards. As such it was not really well suited to be
+used for DVB cards and their new features like recording MPEG streams
+and filtering several section and PES data streams at the same time.
+</para>
+
+<para>In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a
+new standard Linux DVB API. As a commitment to the development of
+terminals based on open standards, Nokia and Convergence made it
+available to all Linux developers and published it on
+<ulink url="http://www.linuxtv.org/" /> in September 2000.
+Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API. Together with the
+LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), the Linux DVB
+API will be constantly reviewed and improved. With the Linux driver for
+the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence provides a first
+implementation of the Linux DVB API.</para>
+</section>
+
+<section id="overview">
+<title>Overview</title>
+
+<figure id="stb_components">
+<title>Components of a DVB card/STB</title>
+<mediaobject>
+<imageobject>
+<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.pdf" format="PS" />
+</imageobject>
+<imageobject>
+<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.png" format="PNG" />
+</imageobject>
+</mediaobject>
+</figure>
+
+<para>A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the
+following main hardware components: </para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+
+<para>Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator</para>
+
+<para>Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish
+or antenna or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and
+demodulates this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a
+satellite frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment
+control (SEC), which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed
+switches or dish rotors.</para>
+
+</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+
+<para>Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
+</para>
+
+<para>The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to
+which the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in
+real time and re-inserted into the TS.</para>
+
+</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream</para>
+
+<para>The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and
+video streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams
+it also contains data streams with information about the programs
+offered in this or other streams of the same provider.</para>
+
+</listitem>
+<listitem>
+
+<para>MPEG2 audio and video decoder</para>
+
+<para>The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and
+video decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio and
+video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to a TV
+set.</para>
+
+
+</listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para><xref linkend="stb_components" /> shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow
+between those components.</para>
+
+<para>On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some
+functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG
+picture and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses
+like &#8220;internet over satellite&#8221;). Also not every card or STB
+provides conditional access hardware.</para>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="dvb_devices">
+<title>Linux DVB Devices</title>
+
+<para>The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components
+through currently six Unix-style character devices for video, audio,
+frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. The video and audio
+devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware, the frontend device the
+tuner and the DVB demodulator. The demux device gives you control over
+the PES and section filters of the hardware. If the hardware does not
+support filtering these filters can be implemented in software. Finally,
+the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities of the
+hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements of the
+platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available to the
+application through this device.</para>
+
+<para>All devices can be found in the <emphasis role="tt">/dev</emphasis>
+tree under <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb</emphasis>. The individual devices
+are called:</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem>
+
+<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM</emphasis>,</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem>
+<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM</emphasis>,</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem>
+<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM</emphasis>,</para>
+</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+
+<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM</emphasis>,</para>
+</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+
+<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM</emphasis>,</para>
+</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+
+<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM</emphasis>,</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
+
+<para>where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting
+from&#x00A0;0, and M enumerates the devices of each type within each
+adapter, starting from&#x00A0;0, too. We will omit the &#8220;<emphasis
+role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/</emphasis>&#8221; in the further dicussion
+of these devices. The naming scheme for the devices is the same wheter
+devfs is used or not.</para>
+
+<para>More details about the data structures and function calls of all
+the devices are described in the following chapters.</para>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="include_files">
+<title>API include files</title>
+
+<para>For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file exists.
+The DVB API include files should be included in application sources with
+a partial path like:</para>
+
+
+<programlisting>
+	#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>To enable applications to support different API version, an
+additional include file <emphasis
+role="tt">linux/dvb/version.h</emphasis> exists, which defines the
+constant <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION</emphasis>. This document
+describes <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION&#x00A0;3</emphasis>.
+</para>
+
+</section>
+
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More