diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 995f70b2..876b4f52 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ libvkd3d_la_SOURCES = \
 	include/vkd3d_d3d12.idl \
 	include/vkd3d_d3dcommon.idl \
 	include/vkd3d_unknown.idl \
+	libs/vkd3d/cache.c \
 	libs/vkd3d/command.c \
 	libs/vkd3d/device.c \
 	libs/vkd3d/resource.c \
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d/cache.c b/libs/vkd3d/cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56ba6990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/vkd3d/cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Stefan Dösinger for CodeWeavers
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
+ */
+
+#include "vkd3d_private.h"
+
+struct vkd3d_shader_cache
+{
+    unsigned int refcount;
+};
+
+int vkd3d_shader_open_cache(struct vkd3d_shader_cache **cache)
+{
+    struct vkd3d_shader_cache *object;
+
+    TRACE("%p.\n", cache);
+
+    object = vkd3d_malloc(sizeof(*object));
+    if (!object)
+        return VKD3D_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+
+    object->refcount = 1;
+    *cache = object;
+
+    return VKD3D_OK;
+}
+
+unsigned int vkd3d_shader_cache_incref(struct vkd3d_shader_cache *cache)
+{
+    unsigned int refcount = vkd3d_atomic_increment_u32(&cache->refcount);
+    TRACE("cache %p refcount %u.\n", cache, refcount);
+    return refcount;
+}
+
+unsigned int vkd3d_shader_cache_decref(struct vkd3d_shader_cache *cache)
+{
+    unsigned int refcount = vkd3d_atomic_decrement_u32(&cache->refcount);
+    TRACE("cache %p refcount %u.\n", cache, refcount);
+
+    if (refcount)
+        return refcount;
+
+    vkd3d_free(cache);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d/device.c b/libs/vkd3d/device.c
index 65db8b70..266465e0 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d/device.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d/device.c
@@ -2532,6 +2532,7 @@ struct d3d12_cache_session
     struct d3d12_device *device;
     struct vkd3d_private_store private_store;
     D3D12_SHADER_CACHE_SESSION_DESC desc;
+    struct vkd3d_shader_cache *cache;
 };
 
 static inline struct d3d12_cache_session *impl_from_ID3D12ShaderCacheSession(ID3D12ShaderCacheSession *iface)
@@ -2582,6 +2583,7 @@ static void d3d12_cache_session_destroy(struct d3d12_cache_session *session)
 
     TRACE("Destroying cache session %p.\n", session);
 
+    vkd3d_shader_cache_decref(session->cache);
     vkd3d_private_store_destroy(&session->private_store);
     vkd3d_free(session);
 
@@ -2707,6 +2709,7 @@ static const struct ID3D12ShaderCacheSessionVtbl d3d12_cache_session_vtbl =
 static HRESULT d3d12_cache_session_init(struct d3d12_cache_session *session,
         struct d3d12_device *device, const D3D12_SHADER_CACHE_SESSION_DESC *desc)
 {
+    enum vkd3d_result ret;
     HRESULT hr;
 
     session->ID3D12ShaderCacheSession_iface.lpVtbl = &d3d12_cache_session_vtbl;
@@ -2723,6 +2726,17 @@ static HRESULT d3d12_cache_session_init(struct d3d12_cache_session *session,
     if (FAILED(hr = vkd3d_private_store_init(&session->private_store)))
         return hr;
 
+    if (session->desc.Mode == D3D12_SHADER_CACHE_MODE_DISK)
+        FIXME("Disk caches are not yet implemented.\n");
+
+    ret = vkd3d_shader_open_cache(&session->cache);
+    if (ret)
+    {
+        WARN("Failed to open shader cache.\n");
+        vkd3d_private_store_destroy(&session->private_store);
+        return hresult_from_vkd3d_result(ret);
+    }
+
     d3d12_device_add_ref(session->device = device);
 
     return S_OK;
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d/vkd3d_private.h b/libs/vkd3d/vkd3d_private.h
index d5e12ee3..91ffa6e9 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d/vkd3d_private.h
+++ b/libs/vkd3d/vkd3d_private.h
@@ -1927,4 +1927,10 @@ static inline void vkd3d_prepend_struct(void *header, void *structure)
     vkd3d_header->next = vkd3d_structure;
 }
 
+struct vkd3d_shader_cache;
+
+int vkd3d_shader_open_cache(struct vkd3d_shader_cache **cache);
+unsigned int vkd3d_shader_cache_incref(struct vkd3d_shader_cache *cache);
+unsigned int vkd3d_shader_cache_decref(struct vkd3d_shader_cache *cache);
+
 #endif  /* __VKD3D_PRIVATE_H */