diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c b/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c
index 343e2633a..6ef16e302 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c
@@ -808,8 +808,10 @@ static enum vkd3d_result vsir_parse(const struct vkd3d_shader_compile_info *comp
         return ret;
     }
 
-    if (compile_info->target_type != VKD3D_SHADER_TARGET_NONE)
-        ret = vsir_program_transform_early(program, config_flags, compile_info, message_context);
+    if (compile_info->target_type != VKD3D_SHADER_TARGET_NONE
+            && (ret = vsir_program_transform_early(program, config_flags, compile_info, message_context)) < 0)
+        vsir_program_cleanup(program);
+
     return ret;
 }