diff --git a/tests/shader_runner.c b/tests/shader_runner.c
index a820810a..143d0c72 100644
--- a/tests/shader_runner.c
+++ b/tests/shader_runner.c
@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@ static void parse_test_directive(struct shader_runner *runner, const char *line)
     else if (match_string(line, "probe", &line))
     {
         unsigned int left, top, right, bottom, ulps;
+        struct resource_readback *rb;
         struct vec4 v;
         int ret, len;
         RECT rect;
@@ -433,6 +434,10 @@ static void parse_test_directive(struct shader_runner *runner, const char *line)
             set_rect(&rect, left, top, left + 1, top + 1);
             line += len;
         }
+        else
+        {
+            fatal_error("Malformed probe arguments '%s'.\n", line);
+        }
 
         if (!match_string(line, "rgba", &line))
             fatal_error("Malformed probe arguments '%s'.\n", line);
@@ -443,7 +448,9 @@ static void parse_test_directive(struct shader_runner *runner, const char *line)
         if (ret < 5)
             ulps = 0;
 
-        runner->ops->probe_vec4(runner, &rect, &v, ulps);
+        rb = runner->ops->get_rt_readback(runner);
+        todo_if(runner->is_todo) check_readback_data_vec4(rb, &rect, &v, ulps);
+        runner->ops->release_readback(runner, rb);
     }
     else if (match_string(line, "uniform", &line))
     {
diff --git a/tests/shader_runner.h b/tests/shader_runner.h
index 9685eaa3..6ed0109e 100644
--- a/tests/shader_runner.h
+++ b/tests/shader_runner.h
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ struct shader_runner_ops
     struct resource *(*create_resource)(struct shader_runner *runner, const struct resource_params *params);
     void (*destroy_resource)(struct shader_runner *runner, struct resource *resource);
     bool (*draw)(struct shader_runner *runner, D3D_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY primitive_topology, unsigned int vertex_count);
-    void (*probe_vec4)(struct shader_runner *runner, const RECT *rect, const struct vec4 *v, unsigned int ulps);
+    struct resource_readback *(*get_rt_readback)(struct shader_runner *runner);
+    void (*release_readback)(struct shader_runner *runner, struct resource_readback *rb);
 };
 
 void fatal_error(const char *format, ...) VKD3D_NORETURN VKD3D_PRINTF_FUNC(1, 2);
diff --git a/tests/shader_runner_d3d11.c b/tests/shader_runner_d3d11.c
index a4e4f52b..6edbdf75 100644
--- a/tests/shader_runner_d3d11.c
+++ b/tests/shader_runner_d3d11.c
@@ -546,8 +546,10 @@ struct d3d11_resource_readback
     ID3D11Resource *resource;
 };
 
-static void init_readback(struct d3d11_shader_runner *runner, struct d3d11_resource_readback *rb)
+static struct resource_readback *d3d11_runner_get_rt_readback(struct shader_runner *r)
 {
+    struct d3d11_shader_runner *runner = d3d11_shader_runner(r);
+    struct d3d11_resource_readback *rb = malloc(sizeof(*rb));
     D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC texture_desc;
     D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE map_desc;
     HRESULT hr;
@@ -569,22 +571,17 @@ static void init_readback(struct d3d11_shader_runner *runner, struct d3d11_resou
     rb->rb.width = texture_desc.Width;
     rb->rb.height = texture_desc.Height;
     rb->rb.depth = 1;
+    return &rb->rb;
 }
 
-static void release_readback(struct d3d11_shader_runner *runner, struct d3d11_resource_readback *rb)
-{
-    ID3D11DeviceContext_Unmap(runner->immediate_context, rb->resource, 0);
-    ID3D11Resource_Release(rb->resource);
-}
-
-static void d3d11_runner_probe_vec4(struct shader_runner *r, const RECT *rect, const struct vec4 *v, unsigned int ulps)
+static void d3d11_runner_release_readback(struct shader_runner *r, struct resource_readback *rb)
 {
+    struct d3d11_resource_readback *d3d11_rb = CONTAINING_RECORD(rb, struct d3d11_resource_readback, rb);
     struct d3d11_shader_runner *runner = d3d11_shader_runner(r);
-    struct d3d11_resource_readback rb;
 
-    init_readback(runner, &rb);
-    check_readback_data_vec4(&rb.rb, rect, v, ulps);
-    release_readback(runner, &rb);
+    ID3D11DeviceContext_Unmap(runner->immediate_context, d3d11_rb->resource, 0);
+    ID3D11Resource_Release(d3d11_rb->resource);
+    free(d3d11_rb);
 }
 
 static const struct shader_runner_ops d3d11_runner_ops =
@@ -592,7 +589,8 @@ static const struct shader_runner_ops d3d11_runner_ops =
     .create_resource = d3d11_runner_create_resource,
     .destroy_resource = d3d11_runner_destroy_resource,
     .draw = d3d11_runner_draw,
-    .probe_vec4 = d3d11_runner_probe_vec4,
+    .get_rt_readback = d3d11_runner_get_rt_readback,
+    .release_readback = d3d11_runner_release_readback,
 };
 
 void run_shader_tests_d3d11(int argc, char **argv)
diff --git a/tests/shader_runner_d3d12.c b/tests/shader_runner_d3d12.c
index 1a546f21..22c9b226 100644
--- a/tests/shader_runner_d3d12.c
+++ b/tests/shader_runner_d3d12.c
@@ -309,22 +309,31 @@ static bool d3d12_runner_draw(struct shader_runner *r,
     return true;
 }
 
-static void d3d12_runner_probe_vec4(struct shader_runner *r,
-        const RECT *rect, const struct vec4 *v, unsigned int ulps)
+static struct resource_readback *d3d12_runner_get_rt_readback(struct shader_runner *r)
 {
     struct d3d12_shader_runner *runner = d3d12_shader_runner(r);
     struct test_context *test_context = &runner->test_context;
-    struct d3d12_resource_readback rb;
+    struct d3d12_resource_readback *rb = malloc(sizeof(*rb));
 
     transition_resource_state(test_context->list, test_context->render_target,
             D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE);
-    get_texture_readback_with_command_list(test_context->render_target, 0, &rb,
+    get_texture_readback_with_command_list(test_context->render_target, 0, rb,
             test_context->queue, test_context->list);
-    todo_if (runner->r.is_todo) check_readback_data_vec4(&rb.rb, rect, v, ulps);
-    release_resource_readback(&rb);
+
+    return &rb->rb;
+}
+
+static void d3d12_runner_release_readback(struct shader_runner *r, struct resource_readback *rb)
+{
+    struct d3d12_resource_readback *d3d12_rb = CONTAINING_RECORD(rb, struct d3d12_resource_readback, rb);
+    struct d3d12_shader_runner *runner = d3d12_shader_runner(r);
+    struct test_context *test_context = &runner->test_context;
+
+    release_resource_readback(d3d12_rb);
     reset_command_list(test_context->list, test_context->allocator);
     transition_resource_state(test_context->list, test_context->render_target,
             D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET);
+    free(d3d12_rb);
 }
 
 static const struct shader_runner_ops d3d12_runner_ops =
@@ -332,7 +341,8 @@ static const struct shader_runner_ops d3d12_runner_ops =
     .create_resource = d3d12_runner_create_resource,
     .destroy_resource = d3d12_runner_destroy_resource,
     .draw = d3d12_runner_draw,
-    .probe_vec4 = d3d12_runner_probe_vec4,
+    .get_rt_readback = d3d12_runner_get_rt_readback,
+    .release_readback = d3d12_runner_release_readback,
 };
 
 void run_shader_tests_d3d12(int argc, char **argv)
diff --git a/tests/shader_runner_d3d9.c b/tests/shader_runner_d3d9.c
index 8fa189cc..b9ec55b4 100644
--- a/tests/shader_runner_d3d9.c
+++ b/tests/shader_runner_d3d9.c
@@ -455,8 +455,10 @@ struct d3d9_resource_readback
     IDirect3DSurface9 *surface;
 };
 
-static void init_readback(struct d3d9_shader_runner *runner, struct d3d9_resource_readback *rb)
+static struct resource_readback *d3d9_runner_get_rt_readback(struct shader_runner *r)
 {
+    struct d3d9_shader_runner *runner = d3d9_shader_runner(r);
+    struct d3d9_resource_readback *rb = malloc(sizeof(*rb));
     D3DLOCKED_RECT map_desc;
     D3DSURFACE_DESC desc;
     HRESULT hr;
@@ -478,22 +480,16 @@ static void init_readback(struct d3d9_shader_runner *runner, struct d3d9_resourc
     rb->rb.width = desc.Width;
     rb->rb.height = desc.Height;
     rb->rb.depth = 1;
+    return &rb->rb;
 }
 
-static void release_readback(struct d3d9_resource_readback *rb)
+static void d3d9_runner_release_readback(struct shader_runner *r, struct resource_readback *rb)
 {
-    IDirect3DSurface9_UnlockRect(rb->surface);
-    IDirect3DSurface9_Release(rb->surface);
-}
+    struct d3d9_resource_readback *d3d9_rb = CONTAINING_RECORD(rb, struct d3d9_resource_readback, rb);
 
-static void d3d9_runner_probe_vec4(struct shader_runner *r, const RECT *rect, const struct vec4 *v, unsigned int ulps)
-{
-    struct d3d9_shader_runner *runner = d3d9_shader_runner(r);
-    struct d3d9_resource_readback rb;
-
-    init_readback(runner, &rb);
-    check_readback_data_vec4(&rb.rb, rect, v, ulps);
-    release_readback(&rb);
+    IDirect3DSurface9_UnlockRect(d3d9_rb->surface);
+    IDirect3DSurface9_Release(d3d9_rb->surface);
+    free(d3d9_rb);
 }
 
 static const struct shader_runner_ops d3d9_runner_ops =
@@ -502,7 +498,8 @@ static const struct shader_runner_ops d3d9_runner_ops =
     .create_resource = d3d9_runner_create_resource,
     .destroy_resource = d3d9_runner_destroy_resource,
     .draw = d3d9_runner_draw,
-    .probe_vec4 = d3d9_runner_probe_vec4,
+    .get_rt_readback = d3d9_runner_get_rt_readback,
+    .release_readback = d3d9_runner_release_readback,
 };
 
 void run_shader_tests_d3d9(int argc, char **argv)
diff --git a/tests/shader_runner_vulkan.c b/tests/shader_runner_vulkan.c
index f218399b..601eb5a1 100644
--- a/tests/shader_runner_vulkan.c
+++ b/tests/shader_runner_vulkan.c
@@ -832,21 +832,21 @@ struct vulkan_resource_readback
     VkBuffer buffer;
 };
 
-static void vulkan_runner_probe_vec4(struct shader_runner *r, const RECT *rect, const struct vec4 *v, unsigned int ulps)
+static struct resource_readback *vulkan_runner_get_rt_readback(struct shader_runner *r)
 {
     struct vulkan_shader_runner *runner = vulkan_shader_runner(r);
-    struct vulkan_resource_readback rb;
+    struct vulkan_resource_readback *rb = malloc(sizeof(*rb));
     VkDevice device = runner->device;
     VkBufferImageCopy region = {0};
 
-    rb.rb.width = RENDER_TARGET_WIDTH;
-    rb.rb.height = RENDER_TARGET_HEIGHT;
-    rb.rb.depth = 1;
+    rb->rb.width = RENDER_TARGET_WIDTH;
+    rb->rb.height = RENDER_TARGET_HEIGHT;
+    rb->rb.depth = 1;
 
-    rb.rb.row_pitch = rb.rb.width * sizeof(struct vec4);
+    rb->rb.row_pitch = rb->rb.width * sizeof(struct vec4);
 
-    rb.buffer = create_buffer(runner, rb.rb.row_pitch * RENDER_TARGET_HEIGHT,
-            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, &rb.memory);
+    rb->buffer = create_buffer(runner, rb->rb.row_pitch * RENDER_TARGET_HEIGHT,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, &rb->memory);
 
     begin_command_buffer(runner);
 
@@ -860,19 +860,28 @@ static void vulkan_runner_probe_vec4(struct shader_runner *r, const RECT *rect,
     region.imageExtent.depth = 1;
 
     VK_CALL(vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer(runner->cmd_buffer, runner->render_target,
-            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, rb.buffer, 1, &region));
+            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, rb->buffer, 1, &region));
 
     transition_image_layout(runner, runner->render_target,
             VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
 
     end_command_buffer(runner);
 
-    VK_CALL(vkMapMemory(device, rb.memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, 0, &rb.rb.data));
-    todo_if (runner->r.is_todo) check_readback_data_vec4(&rb.rb, rect, v, ulps);
-    VK_CALL(vkUnmapMemory(device, rb.memory));
+    VK_CALL(vkMapMemory(device, rb->memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, 0, &rb->rb.data));
+    return &rb->rb;
+}
 
-    VK_CALL(vkFreeMemory(device, rb.memory, NULL));
-    VK_CALL(vkDestroyBuffer(device, rb.buffer, NULL));
+static void vulkan_runner_release_readback(struct shader_runner *r, struct resource_readback *rb)
+{
+    struct vulkan_resource_readback *vulkan_rb = CONTAINING_RECORD(rb, struct vulkan_resource_readback, rb);
+    struct vulkan_shader_runner *runner = vulkan_shader_runner(r);
+    VkDevice device = runner->device;
+
+    VK_CALL(vkUnmapMemory(device, vulkan_rb->memory));
+
+    VK_CALL(vkFreeMemory(device, vulkan_rb->memory, NULL));
+    VK_CALL(vkDestroyBuffer(device, vulkan_rb->buffer, NULL));
+    free(vulkan_rb);
 }
 
 static const struct shader_runner_ops vulkan_runner_ops =
@@ -880,7 +889,8 @@ static const struct shader_runner_ops vulkan_runner_ops =
     .create_resource = vulkan_runner_create_resource,
     .destroy_resource = vulkan_runner_destroy_resource,
     .draw = vulkan_runner_draw,
-    .probe_vec4 = vulkan_runner_probe_vec4,
+    .get_rt_readback = vulkan_runner_get_rt_readback,
+    .release_readback = vulkan_runner_release_readback,
 };
 
 static bool get_graphics_queue_index(const struct vulkan_shader_runner *runner, uint32_t *index)