diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/d3dbc.c b/libs/vkd3d-shader/d3dbc.c
index 2e37549f..43d4374a 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/d3dbc.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/d3dbc.c
@@ -1242,6 +1242,7 @@ static enum vkd3d_result shader_sm1_init(struct vkd3d_shader_sm1_parser *sm1,
     const uint32_t *code = compile_info->source.code;
     size_t code_size = compile_info->source.size;
     struct vkd3d_shader_version version;
+    struct vsir_program *program;
     uint16_t shader_type;
     size_t token_count;
 
@@ -1289,10 +1290,16 @@ static enum vkd3d_result shader_sm1_init(struct vkd3d_shader_sm1_parser *sm1,
     sm1->start = &code[1];
     sm1->end = &code[token_count];
 
-    /* Estimate instruction count to avoid reallocation in most shaders. */
-    if (!vkd3d_shader_parser_init(&sm1->p, message_context, compile_info->source_name, &version, &shader_sm1_parser_ops,
-            code_size != ~(size_t)0 ? token_count / 4u + 4 : 16))
+    if (!(program = vkd3d_malloc(sizeof(*program))))
         return VKD3D_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    /* Estimate instruction count to avoid reallocation in most shaders. */
+    if (!vsir_program_init(program, &version, code_size != ~(size_t)0 ? token_count / 4u + 4 : 16))
+    {
+        vkd3d_free(program);
+        return VKD3D_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    vkd3d_shader_parser_init(&sm1->p, program, message_context, compile_info->source_name, &shader_sm1_parser_ops);
     sm1->ptr = sm1->start;
 
     return VKD3D_OK;
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/dxil.c b/libs/vkd3d-shader/dxil.c
index 3f65f521..7275489f 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/dxil.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/dxil.c
@@ -10250,14 +10250,19 @@ static enum vkd3d_result sm6_parser_init(struct sm6_parser *sm6, const char *sou
         return VKD3D_ERROR_INVALID_SHADER;
     }
 
+    if (!(program = vkd3d_malloc(sizeof(*program))))
+        return VKD3D_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
     /* Estimate instruction count to avoid reallocation in most shaders. */
     count = max(token_count, 400) - 400;
-    vkd3d_shader_parser_init(&sm6->p, message_context, source_name, &version, &sm6_parser_ops,
-            (count + (count >> 2)) / 2u + 10);
+    if (!vsir_program_init(program, &version, (count + (count >> 2)) / 2u + 10))
+    {
+        vkd3d_free(program);
+        return VKD3D_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+    vkd3d_shader_parser_init(&sm6->p, program, message_context, source_name, &sm6_parser_ops);
     sm6->ptr = &sm6->start[1];
     sm6->bitpos = 2;
 
-    program = sm6->p.program;
     input_signature = &program->input_signature;
     output_signature = &program->output_signature;
     patch_constant_signature = &program->patch_constant_signature;
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/ir.c b/libs/vkd3d-shader/ir.c
index 2c78447e..37818d4d 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/ir.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/ir.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 bool vsir_program_init(struct vsir_program *program, const struct vkd3d_shader_version *version, unsigned int reserve)
 {
+    memset(program, 0, sizeof(*program));
     program->shader_version = *version;
     return shader_instruction_array_init(&program->instructions, reserve);
 }
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/tpf.c b/libs/vkd3d-shader/tpf.c
index 704c904f..e7301d72 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/tpf.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/tpf.c
@@ -2517,6 +2517,7 @@ static bool shader_sm4_init(struct vkd3d_shader_sm4_parser *sm4, const uint32_t
 {
     struct vkd3d_shader_version version;
     uint32_t version_token, token_count;
+    struct vsir_program *program;
 
     if (byte_code_size / sizeof(*byte_code) < 2)
     {
@@ -2570,10 +2571,15 @@ static bool shader_sm4_init(struct vkd3d_shader_sm4_parser *sm4, const uint32_t
     version.major = VKD3D_SM4_VERSION_MAJOR(version_token);
     version.minor = VKD3D_SM4_VERSION_MINOR(version_token);
 
-    /* Estimate instruction count to avoid reallocation in most shaders. */
-    if (!vkd3d_shader_parser_init(&sm4->p, message_context, source_name, &version, &shader_sm4_parser_ops,
-            token_count / 7u + 20))
+    if (!(program = vkd3d_malloc(sizeof(*program))))
         return false;
+    /* Estimate instruction count to avoid reallocation in most shaders. */
+    if (!vsir_program_init(program, &version, token_count / 7u + 20))
+    {
+        vkd3d_free(program);
+        return false;
+    }
+    vkd3d_shader_parser_init(&sm4->p, program, message_context, source_name, &shader_sm4_parser_ops);
     sm4->ptr = sm4->start;
 
     init_sm4_lookup_tables(&sm4->lookup);
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c b/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c
index 89434b0a..a25b5f4a 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_main.c
@@ -554,24 +554,17 @@ static uint64_t vkd3d_shader_init_config_flags(void)
     return config_flags;
 }
 
-bool vkd3d_shader_parser_init(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser,
+void vkd3d_shader_parser_init(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser, struct vsir_program *program,
         struct vkd3d_shader_message_context *message_context, const char *source_name,
-        const struct vkd3d_shader_version *version, const struct vkd3d_shader_parser_ops *ops,
-        unsigned int instruction_reserve)
+        const struct vkd3d_shader_parser_ops *ops)
 {
-    bool ret;
-
     parser->message_context = message_context;
     parser->location.source_name = source_name;
     parser->location.line = 1;
     parser->location.column = 0;
     parser->ops = ops;
     parser->config_flags = vkd3d_shader_init_config_flags();
-    if (!(parser->program = vkd3d_calloc(1, sizeof(*parser->program))))
-        return false;
-    if (!(ret = vsir_program_init(parser->program, version, instruction_reserve)))
-        vkd3d_free(parser->program);
-    return ret;
+    parser->program = program;
 }
 
 void VKD3D_PRINTF_FUNC(3, 4) vkd3d_shader_parser_error(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser,
diff --git a/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_private.h b/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_private.h
index 1a1d01e7..196d92ef 100644
--- a/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_private.h
+++ b/libs/vkd3d-shader/vkd3d_shader_private.h
@@ -1407,10 +1407,9 @@ struct vkd3d_shader_parser_ops
 
 void vkd3d_shader_parser_error(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser,
         enum vkd3d_shader_error error, const char *format, ...) VKD3D_PRINTF_FUNC(3, 4);
-bool vkd3d_shader_parser_init(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser,
+void vkd3d_shader_parser_init(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser, struct vsir_program *program,
         struct vkd3d_shader_message_context *message_context, const char *source_name,
-        const struct vkd3d_shader_version *version, const struct vkd3d_shader_parser_ops *ops,
-        unsigned int instruction_reserve);
+        const struct vkd3d_shader_parser_ops *ops);
 void vkd3d_shader_parser_warning(struct vkd3d_shader_parser *parser,
         enum vkd3d_shader_error error, const char *format, ...) VKD3D_PRINTF_FUNC(3, 4);