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.. Do not edit this file. This file is auto-generated for PyPI by setup.py
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.. using pandoc, so edits should go in the source files rather than here.
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Pystache
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========
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.. figure:: http://defunkt.github.com/pystache/images/logo_phillips.png
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:alt: mustachioed, monocled snake by David Phillips
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.. figure:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/defunkt/pystache.png
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:alt: Travis CI current build status
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`Pystache <http://defunkt.github.com/pystache>`__ is a Python
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implementation of `Mustache <http://mustache.github.com/>`__. Mustache
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is a framework-agnostic, logic-free templating system inspired by
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`ctemplate <http://code.google.com/p/google-ctemplate/>`__ and
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`et <http://www.ivan.fomichev.name/2008/05/erlang-template-engine-prototype.html>`__.
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Like ctemplate, Mustache "emphasizes separating logic from presentation:
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it is impossible to embed application logic in this template language."
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The `mustache(5) <http://mustache.github.com/mustache.5.html>`__ man
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page provides a good introduction to Mustache's syntax. For a more
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complete (and more current) description of Mustache's behavior, see the
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official `Mustache spec <https://github.com/mustache/spec>`__.
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Pystache is `semantically versioned <http://semver.org>`__ and can be
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found on `PyPI <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pystache>`__. This version
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of Pystache passes all tests in `version
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1.1.2 <https://github.com/mustache/spec/tree/v1.1.2>`__ of the spec.
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Requirements
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------------
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Pystache is tested with--
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- Python 2.4 (requires simplejson `version
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2.0.9 <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/simplejson/2.0.9>`__ or earlier)
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- Python 2.5 (requires
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`simplejson <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/simplejson/>`__)
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- Python 2.6
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- Python 2.7
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- Python 3.1
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- Python 3.2
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- Python 3.3
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- `PyPy <http://pypy.org/>`__
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`Distribute <http://packages.python.org/distribute/>`__ (the setuptools
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fork) is recommended over
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`setuptools <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools>`__, and is required
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in some cases (e.g. for Python 3 support). If you use
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`pip <http://www.pip-installer.org/>`__, you probably already satisfy
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this requirement.
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JSON support is needed only for the command-line interface and to run
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the spec tests. We require simplejson for earlier versions of Python
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since Python's `json <http://docs.python.org/library/json.html>`__
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module was added in Python 2.6.
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For Python 2.4 we require an earlier version of simplejson since
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simplejson stopped officially supporting Python 2.4 in simplejson
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version 2.1.0. Earlier versions of simplejson can be installed manually,
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as follows:
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::
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pip install 'simplejson<2.1.0'
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Official support for Python 2.4 will end with Pystache version 0.6.0.
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Install It
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----------
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::
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pip install pystache
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And test it--
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::
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pystache-test
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To install and test from source (e.g. from GitHub), see the Develop
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section.
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Use It
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------
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::
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>>> import pystache
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>>> print pystache.render('Hi {{person}}!', {'person': 'Mom'})
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Hi Mom!
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You can also create dedicated view classes to hold your view logic.
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Here's your view class (in .../examples/readme.py):
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::
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class SayHello(object):
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def to(self):
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return "Pizza"
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Instantiating like so:
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::
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>>> from pystache.tests.examples.readme import SayHello
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>>> hello = SayHello()
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Then your template, say\_hello.mustache (by default in the same
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directory as your class definition):
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::
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Hello, {{to}}!
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Pull it together:
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::
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>>> renderer = pystache.Renderer()
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>>> print renderer.render(hello)
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Hello, Pizza!
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For greater control over rendering (e.g. to specify a custom template
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directory), use the ``Renderer`` class like above. One can pass
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attributes to the Renderer class constructor or set them on a Renderer
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instance. To customize template loading on a per-view basis, subclass
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``TemplateSpec``. See the docstrings of the
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`Renderer <https://github.com/defunkt/pystache/blob/master/pystache/renderer.py>`__
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class and
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`TemplateSpec <https://github.com/defunkt/pystache/blob/master/pystache/template_spec.py>`__
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class for more information.
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You can also pre-parse a template:
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::
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>>> parsed = pystache.parse(u"Hey {{#who}}{{.}}!{{/who}}")
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>>> print parsed
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[u'Hey ', _SectionNode(key=u'who', index_begin=12, index_end=18, parsed=[_EscapeNode(key=u'.'), u'!'])]
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And then:
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::
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>>> print renderer.render(parsed, {'who': 'Pops'})
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Hey Pops!
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>>> print renderer.render(parsed, {'who': 'you'})
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Hey you!
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Python 3
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--------
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Pystache has supported Python 3 since version 0.5.1. Pystache behaves
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slightly differently between Python 2 and 3, as follows:
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- In Python 2, the default html-escape function ``cgi.escape()`` does
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not escape single quotes. In Python 3, the default escape function
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``html.escape()`` does escape single quotes.
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- In both Python 2 and 3, the string and file encodings default to
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``sys.getdefaultencoding()``. However, this function can return
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different values under Python 2 and 3, even when run from the same
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system. Check your own system for the behavior on your system, or do
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not rely on the defaults by passing in the encodings explicitly (e.g.
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to the ``Renderer`` class).
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Unicode
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-------
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This section describes how Pystache handles unicode, strings, and
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encodings.
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Internally, Pystache uses `only unicode
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strings <http://docs.python.org/howto/unicode.html#tips-for-writing-unicode-aware-programs>`__
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(``str`` in Python 3 and ``unicode`` in Python 2). For input, Pystache
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accepts both unicode strings and byte strings (``bytes`` in Python 3 and
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``str`` in Python 2). For output, Pystache's template rendering methods
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return only unicode.
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Pystache's ``Renderer`` class supports a number of attributes to control
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how Pystache converts byte strings to unicode on input. These include
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the ``file_encoding``, ``string_encoding``, and ``decode_errors``
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attributes.
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The ``file_encoding`` attribute is the encoding the renderer uses to
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convert to unicode any files read from the file system. Similarly,
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``string_encoding`` is the encoding the renderer uses to convert any
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other byte strings encountered during the rendering process into unicode
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(e.g. context values that are encoded byte strings).
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The ``decode_errors`` attribute is what the renderer passes as the
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``errors`` argument to Python's built-in unicode-decoding function
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(``str()`` in Python 3 and ``unicode()`` in Python 2). The valid values
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for this argument are ``strict``, ``ignore``, and ``replace``.
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Each of these attributes can be set via the ``Renderer`` class's
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constructor using a keyword argument of the same name. See the Renderer
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class's docstrings for further details. In addition, the
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``file_encoding`` attribute can be controlled on a per-view basis by
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subclassing the ``TemplateSpec`` class. When not specified explicitly,
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these attributes default to values set in Pystache's ``defaults``
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module.
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Develop
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-------
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To test from a source distribution (without installing)--
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::
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python test_pystache.py
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To test Pystache with multiple versions of Python (with a single
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command!), you can use `tox <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/tox>`__:
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::
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pip install 'virtualenv<1.8' # Version 1.8 dropped support for Python 2.4.
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pip install 'tox<1.4' # Version 1.4 dropped support for Python 2.4.
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tox
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If you do not have all Python versions listed in ``tox.ini``--
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::
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tox -e py26,py32 # for example
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The source distribution tests also include doctests and tests from the
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Mustache spec. To include tests from the Mustache spec in your test
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runs:
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::
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git submodule init
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git submodule update
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The test harness parses the spec's (more human-readable) yaml files if
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`PyYAML <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyYAML>`__ is present. Otherwise,
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it parses the json files. To install PyYAML--
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::
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pip install pyyaml
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To run a subset of the tests, you can use
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`nose <http://somethingaboutorange.com/mrl/projects/nose/0.11.1/testing.html>`__:
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::
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pip install nose
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nosetests --tests pystache/tests/test_context.py:GetValueTests.test_dictionary__key_present
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Using Python 3 with Pystache from source
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Pystache is written in Python 2 and must be converted to Python 3 prior
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to using it with Python 3. The installation process (and tox) do this
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automatically.
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To convert the code to Python 3 manually (while using Python 3)--
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::
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python setup.py build
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This writes the converted code to a subdirectory called ``build``. By
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design, Python 3 builds
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`cannot <https://bitbucket.org/tarek/distribute/issue/292/allow-use_2to3-with-python-2>`__
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be created from Python 2.
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To convert the code without using setup.py, you can use
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`2to3 <http://docs.python.org/library/2to3.html>`__ as follows (two
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steps)--
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::
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2to3 --write --nobackups --no-diffs --doctests_only pystache
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2to3 --write --nobackups --no-diffs pystache
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This converts the code (and doctests) in place.
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To ``import pystache`` from a source distribution while using Python 3,
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be sure that you are importing from a directory containing a converted
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version of the code (e.g. from the ``build`` directory after
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converting), and not from the original (unconverted) source directory.
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Otherwise, you will get a syntax error. You can help prevent this by not
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running the Python IDE from the project directory when importing
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Pystache while using Python 3.
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Mailing List
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------------
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There is a `mailing list <http://librelist.com/browser/pystache/>`__.
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Note that there is a bit of a delay between posting a message and seeing
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it appear in the mailing list archive.
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Credits
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-------
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::
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>>> context = { 'author': 'Chris Wanstrath', 'maintainer': 'Chris Jerdonek' }
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>>> print pystache.render("Author: {{author}}\nMaintainer: {{maintainer}}", context)
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Author: Chris Wanstrath
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Maintainer: Chris Jerdonek
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Pystache logo by `David Phillips <http://davidphillips.us/>`__ is
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licensed under a `Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
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License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US>`__.
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History
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=======
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**Note:** Official support for Python 2.4 will end with Pystache version
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0.6.0.
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0.5.4 (2014-07-11)
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------------------
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- Bugfix: made test with filenames OS agnostic (issue #162).
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0.5.3 (2012-11-03)
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------------------
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- Added ability to customize string coercion (e.g. to have None render
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as ``''``) (issue #130).
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- Added Renderer.render\_name() to render a template by name (issue
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#122).
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- Added TemplateSpec.template\_path to specify an absolute path to a
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template (issue #41).
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- Added option of raising errors on missing tags/partials:
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``Renderer(missing_tags='strict')`` (issue #110).
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- Added support for finding and loading templates by file name in
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addition to by template name (issue #127). [xgecko]
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- Added a ``parse()`` function that yields a printable, pre-compiled
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parse tree.
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- Added support for rendering pre-compiled templates.
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- Added Python 3.3 to the list of supported versions.
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- Added support for `PyPy <http://pypy.org/>`__ (issue #125).
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- Added support for `Travis CI <http://travis-ci.org>`__ (issue #124).
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[msabramo]
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- Bugfix: ``defaults.DELIMITERS`` can now be changed at runtime (issue
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#135). [bennoleslie]
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- Bugfix: exceptions raised from a property are no longer swallowed
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when getting a key from a context stack (issue #110).
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- Bugfix: lambda section values can now return non-ascii, non-unicode
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strings (issue #118).
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- Bugfix: allow ``test_pystache.py`` and ``tox`` to pass when run from
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a downloaded sdist (i.e. without the spec test directory).
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- Convert HISTORY and README files from reST to Markdown.
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- More robust handling of byte strings in Python 3.
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- Added Creative Commons license for David Phillips's logo.
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0.5.2 (2012-05-03)
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------------------
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- Added support for dot notation and version 1.1.2 of the spec (issue
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#99). [rbp]
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- Missing partials now render as empty string per latest version of
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spec (issue #115).
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- Bugfix: falsey values now coerced to strings using str().
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- Bugfix: lambda return values for sections no longer pushed onto
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context stack (issue #113).
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- Bugfix: lists of lambdas for sections were not rendered (issue #114).
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0.5.1 (2012-04-24)
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------------------
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- Added support for Python 3.1 and 3.2.
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- Added tox support to test multiple Python versions.
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- Added test script entry point: pystache-test.
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- Added \_\_version\_\_ package attribute.
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- Test harness now supports both YAML and JSON forms of Mustache spec.
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- Test harness no longer requires nose.
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0.5.0 (2012-04-03)
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------------------
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This version represents a major rewrite and refactoring of the code base
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that also adds features and fixes many bugs. All functionality and
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nearly all unit tests have been preserved. However, some backwards
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incompatible changes to the API have been made.
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Below is a selection of some of the changes (not exhaustive).
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Highlights:
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- Pystache now passes all tests in version 1.0.3 of the `Mustache
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spec <https://github.com/mustache/spec>`__. [pvande]
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- Removed View class: it is no longer necessary to subclass from View
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or from any other class to create a view.
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- Replaced Template with Renderer class: template rendering behavior
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can be modified via the Renderer constructor or by setting attributes
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on a Renderer instance.
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- Added TemplateSpec class: template rendering can be specified on a
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per-view basis by subclassing from TemplateSpec.
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- Introduced separation of concerns and removed circular dependencies
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(e.g. between Template and View classes, cf. `issue
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#13 <https://github.com/defunkt/pystache/issues/13>`__).
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- Unicode now used consistently throughout the rendering process.
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- Expanded test coverage: nosetests now runs doctests and ~105 test
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cases from the Mustache spec (increasing the number of tests from 56
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to ~315).
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- Added a rudimentary benchmarking script to gauge performance while
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refactoring.
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- Extensive documentation added (e.g. docstrings).
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Other changes:
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- Added a command-line interface. [vrde]
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- The main rendering class now accepts a custom partial loader (e.g. a
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dictionary) and a custom escape function.
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- Non-ascii characters in str strings are now supported while
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rendering.
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- Added string encoding, file encoding, and errors options for decoding
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to unicode.
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- Removed the output encoding option.
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- Removed the use of markupsafe.
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Bug fixes:
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- Context values no longer processed as template strings.
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[jakearchibald]
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- Whitespace surrounding sections is no longer altered, per the spec.
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[heliodor]
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- Zeroes now render correctly when using PyPy. [alex]
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- Multline comments now permitted. [fczuardi]
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- Extensionless template files are now supported.
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- Passing ``**kwargs`` to ``Template()`` no longer modifies the
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context.
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- Passing ``**kwargs`` to ``Template()`` with no context no longer
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raises an exception.
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0.4.1 (2012-03-25)
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------------------
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- Added support for Python 2.4. [wangtz, jvantuyl]
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0.4.0 (2011-01-12)
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------------------
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- Add support for nested contexts (within template and view)
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- Add support for inverted lists
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- Decoupled template loading
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0.3.1 (2010-05-07)
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------------------
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- Fix package
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0.3.0 (2010-05-03)
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------------------
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- View.template\_path can now hold a list of path
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- Add {{& blah}} as an alias for {{{ blah }}}
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- Higher Order Sections
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- Inverted sections
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0.2.0 (2010-02-15)
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------------------
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- Bugfix: Methods returning False or None are not rendered
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- Bugfix: Don't render an empty string when a tag's value is 0.
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[enaeseth]
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- Add support for using non-callables as View attributes.
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[joshthecoder]
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- Allow using View instances as attributes. [joshthecoder]
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- Support for Unicode and non-ASCII-encoded bytestring output.
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[enaeseth]
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- Template file encoding awareness. [enaeseth]
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0.1.1 (2009-11-13)
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------------------
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- Ensure we're dealing with strings, always
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- Tests can be run by executing the test file directly
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0.1.0 (2009-11-12)
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------------------
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- First release
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License
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=======
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Copyright (C) 2012 Chris Jerdonek. All rights reserved.
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Copyright (c) 2009 Chris Wanstrath
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
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copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
|
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"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
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in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
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OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
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CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
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TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
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SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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.. |image0| image:: http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/88x31.png
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