gecko/xpcom/glue/pldhash.h
Nicholas Nethercote 8c60d14a1a Bug 1050009 - Initialize pldhash tables with a length, not a capacity. r=roc.
* * *
imported patch rm-dummy-params

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : c25987eb11bae197218d5fc53b77def19afa36ac
2014-08-06 06:31:21 -07:00

583 lines
24 KiB
C

/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
/* vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80: */
/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
#ifndef pldhash_h___
#define pldhash_h___
/*
* Double hashing, a la Knuth 6.
*/
#include "mozilla/fallible.h"
#include "mozilla/MemoryReporting.h"
#include "mozilla/Types.h"
#include "nscore.h"
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__i386__)
#define PL_DHASH_FASTCALL __attribute__ ((regparm (3),stdcall))
#elif defined(XP_WIN)
#define PL_DHASH_FASTCALL __fastcall
#else
#define PL_DHASH_FASTCALL
#endif
/*
* Table capacity limit; do not exceed. The max capacity used to be 1<<23 but
* that occasionally that wasn't enough. Making it much bigger than 1<<26
* probably isn't worthwhile -- tables that big are kind of ridiculous. Also,
* the growth operation will (deliberately) fail if |capacity * entrySize|
* overflows a uint32_t, and entrySize is always at least 8 bytes.
*/
#define PL_DHASH_MAX_CAPACITY ((uint32_t)1 << 26)
#define PL_DHASH_MIN_CAPACITY 16
/*
* Making this half of the max capacity ensures it'll fit. Nobody should need
* an initial length anywhere nearly this large, anyway.
*/
#define PL_DHASH_MAX_INITIAL_LENGTH (PL_DHASH_MAX_CAPACITY / 2)
/* This gives a default initial capacity of 16. */
#define PL_DHASH_DEFAULT_INITIAL_LENGTH 8
/*
* Multiplicative hash uses an unsigned 32 bit integer and the golden ratio,
* expressed as a fixed-point 32-bit fraction.
*/
#define PL_DHASH_BITS 32
#define PL_DHASH_GOLDEN_RATIO 0x9E3779B9U
/* Primitive and forward-struct typedefs. */
typedef uint32_t PLDHashNumber;
typedef struct PLDHashEntryHdr PLDHashEntryHdr;
typedef struct PLDHashEntryStub PLDHashEntryStub;
typedef struct PLDHashTable PLDHashTable;
typedef struct PLDHashTableOps PLDHashTableOps;
/*
* Table entry header structure.
*
* In order to allow in-line allocation of key and value, we do not declare
* either here. Instead, the API uses const void *key as a formal parameter.
* The key need not be stored in the entry; it may be part of the value, but
* need not be stored at all.
*
* Callback types are defined below and grouped into the PLDHashTableOps
* structure, for single static initialization per hash table sub-type.
*
* Each hash table sub-type should nest the PLDHashEntryHdr structure at the
* front of its particular entry type. The keyHash member contains the result
* of multiplying the hash code returned from the hashKey callback (see below)
* by PL_DHASH_GOLDEN_RATIO, then constraining the result to avoid the magic 0
* and 1 values. The stored keyHash value is table size invariant, and it is
* maintained automatically by PL_DHashTableOperate -- users should never set
* it, and its only uses should be via the entry macros below.
*
* The PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_LIVE function tests whether entry is neither free nor
* removed. An entry may be either busy or free; if busy, it may be live or
* removed. Consumers of this API should not access members of entries that
* are not live.
*
* However, use PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_BUSY for faster liveness testing of entries
* returned by PL_DHashTableOperate, as PL_DHashTableOperate never returns a
* non-live, busy (i.e., removed) entry pointer to its caller. See below for
* more details on PL_DHashTableOperate's calling rules.
*/
struct PLDHashEntryHdr
{
PLDHashNumber keyHash; /* every entry must begin like this */
};
MOZ_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_FREE(PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry)
{
return aEntry->keyHash == 0;
}
MOZ_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_BUSY(PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry)
{
return !PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_FREE(aEntry);
}
MOZ_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_LIVE(PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry)
{
return aEntry->keyHash >= 2;
}
/*
* A PLDHashTable is currently 8 words (without the PL_DHASHMETER overhead)
* on most architectures, and may be allocated on the stack or within another
* structure or class (see below for the Init and Finish functions to use).
*
* To decide whether to use double hashing vs. chaining, we need to develop a
* trade-off relation, as follows:
*
* Let alpha be the load factor, esize the entry size in words, count the
* entry count, and pow2 the power-of-two table size in entries.
*
* (PLDHashTable overhead) > (PLHashTable overhead)
* (unused table entry space) > (malloc and .next overhead per entry) +
* (buckets overhead)
* (1 - alpha) * esize * pow2 > 2 * count + pow2
*
* Notice that alpha is by definition (count / pow2):
*
* (1 - alpha) * esize * pow2 > 2 * alpha * pow2 + pow2
* (1 - alpha) * esize > 2 * alpha + 1
*
* esize > (1 + 2 * alpha) / (1 - alpha)
*
* This assumes both tables must keep keyHash, key, and value for each entry,
* where key and value point to separately allocated strings or structures.
* If key and value can be combined into one pointer, then the trade-off is:
*
* esize > (1 + 3 * alpha) / (1 - alpha)
*
* If the entry value can be a subtype of PLDHashEntryHdr, rather than a type
* that must be allocated separately and referenced by an entry.value pointer
* member, and provided key's allocation can be fused with its entry's, then
* k (the words wasted per entry with chaining) is 4.
*
* To see these curves, feed gnuplot input like so:
*
* gnuplot> f(x,k) = (1 + k * x) / (1 - x)
* gnuplot> plot [0:.75] f(x,2), f(x,3), f(x,4)
*
* For k of 2 and a well-loaded table (alpha > .5), esize must be more than 4
* words for chaining to be more space-efficient than double hashing.
*
* Solving for alpha helps us decide when to shrink an underloaded table:
*
* esize > (1 + k * alpha) / (1 - alpha)
* esize - alpha * esize > 1 + k * alpha
* esize - 1 > (k + esize) * alpha
* (esize - 1) / (k + esize) > alpha
*
* alpha < (esize - 1) / (esize + k)
*
* Therefore double hashing should keep alpha >= (esize - 1) / (esize + k),
* assuming esize is not too large (in which case, chaining should probably be
* used for any alpha). For esize=2 and k=3, we want alpha >= .2; for esize=3
* and k=2, we want alpha >= .4. For k=4, esize could be 6, and alpha >= .5
* would still obtain.
*
* The current implementation uses a lower bound of 0.25 for alpha when
* deciding whether to shrink the table (while still respecting
* PL_DHASH_MIN_CAPACITY).
*
* Note a qualitative difference between chaining and double hashing: under
* chaining, entry addresses are stable across table shrinks and grows. With
* double hashing, you can't safely hold an entry pointer and use it after an
* ADD or REMOVE operation, unless you sample aTable->generation before adding
* or removing, and compare the sample after, dereferencing the entry pointer
* only if aTable->generation has not changed.
*
* The moral of this story: there is no one-size-fits-all hash table scheme,
* but for small table entry size, and assuming entry address stability is not
* required, double hashing wins.
*/
struct PLDHashTable
{
const PLDHashTableOps* ops; /* virtual operations, see below */
void* data; /* ops- and instance-specific data */
int16_t hashShift; /* multiplicative hash shift */
/*
* |recursionLevel| is only used in debug builds, but is present in opt
* builds to avoid binary compatibility problems when mixing DEBUG and
* non-DEBUG components. (Actually, even if it were removed,
* sizeof(PLDHashTable) wouldn't change, due to struct padding.)
*/
uint16_t recursionLevel; /* used to detect unsafe re-entry */
uint32_t entrySize; /* number of bytes in an entry */
uint32_t entryCount; /* number of entries in table */
uint32_t removedCount; /* removed entry sentinels in table */
uint32_t generation; /* entry storage generation number */
char* entryStore; /* entry storage */
#ifdef PL_DHASHMETER
struct PLDHashStats
{
uint32_t searches; /* total number of table searches */
uint32_t steps; /* hash chain links traversed */
uint32_t hits; /* searches that found key */
uint32_t misses; /* searches that didn't find key */
uint32_t lookups; /* number of PL_DHASH_LOOKUPs */
uint32_t addMisses; /* adds that miss, and do work */
uint32_t addOverRemoved; /* adds that recycled a removed entry */
uint32_t addHits; /* adds that hit an existing entry */
uint32_t addFailures; /* out-of-memory during add growth */
uint32_t removeHits; /* removes that hit, and do work */
uint32_t removeMisses; /* useless removes that miss */
uint32_t removeFrees; /* removes that freed entry directly */
uint32_t removeEnums; /* removes done by Enumerate */
uint32_t grows; /* table expansions */
uint32_t shrinks; /* table contractions */
uint32_t compresses; /* table compressions */
uint32_t enumShrinks; /* contractions after Enumerate */
} stats;
#endif
};
/*
* Size in entries (gross, not net of free and removed sentinels) for table.
* We store hashShift rather than sizeLog2 to optimize the collision-free case
* in SearchTable.
*/
#define PL_DHASH_TABLE_CAPACITY(table) \
((uint32_t)1 << (PL_DHASH_BITS - (table)->hashShift))
/*
* Table space at entryStore is allocated and freed using these callbacks.
* The allocator should return null on error only (not if called with aNBytes
* equal to 0; but note that pldhash.c code will never call with 0 aNBytes).
*/
typedef void* (*PLDHashAllocTable)(PLDHashTable* aTable, uint32_t aNBytes);
typedef void (*PLDHashFreeTable)(PLDHashTable* aTable, void* aPtr);
/*
* Compute the hash code for a given key to be looked up, added, or removed
* from aTable. A hash code may have any PLDHashNumber value.
*/
typedef PLDHashNumber (*PLDHashHashKey)(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const void* aKey);
/*
* Compare the key identifying aEntry in aTable with the provided key parameter.
* Return true if keys match, false otherwise.
*/
typedef bool (*PLDHashMatchEntry)(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry,
const void* aKey);
/*
* Copy the data starting at aFrom to the new entry storage at aTo. Do not add
* reference counts for any strong references in the entry, however, as this
* is a "move" operation: the old entry storage at from will be freed without
* any reference-decrementing callback shortly.
*/
typedef void (*PLDHashMoveEntry)(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const PLDHashEntryHdr* aFrom,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aTo);
/*
* Clear the entry and drop any strong references it holds. This callback is
* invoked during a PL_DHASH_REMOVE operation (see below for operation codes),
* but only if the given key is found in the table.
*/
typedef void (*PLDHashClearEntry)(PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry);
/*
* Called when a table (whether allocated dynamically by itself, or nested in
* a larger structure, or allocated on the stack) is finished. This callback
* allows aTable->ops-specific code to finalize aTable->data.
*/
typedef void (*PLDHashFinalize)(PLDHashTable* aTable);
/*
* Initialize a new entry, apart from keyHash. This function is called when
* PL_DHashTableOperate's PL_DHASH_ADD case finds no existing entry for the
* given key, and must add a new one. At that point, aEntry->keyHash is not
* set yet, to avoid claiming the last free entry in a severely overloaded
* table.
*/
typedef bool (*PLDHashInitEntry)(PLDHashTable* aTable, PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry,
const void* aKey);
/*
* Finally, the "vtable" structure for PLDHashTable. The first eight hooks
* must be provided by implementations; they're called unconditionally by the
* generic pldhash.c code. Hooks after these may be null.
*
* Summary of allocation-related hook usage with C++ placement new emphasis:
* allocTable Allocate raw bytes with malloc, no ctors run.
* freeTable Free raw bytes with free, no dtors run.
* initEntry Call placement new using default key-based ctor.
* Return true on success, false on error.
* moveEntry Call placement new using copy ctor, run dtor on old
* entry storage.
* clearEntry Run dtor on entry.
* finalize Stub unless aTable->data was initialized and needs to
* be finalized.
*
* Note the reason why initEntry is optional: the default hooks (stubs) clear
* entry storage: On successful PL_DHashTableOperate(tbl, key, PL_DHASH_ADD),
* the returned entry pointer addresses an entry struct whose keyHash member
* has been set non-zero, but all other entry members are still clear (null).
* PL_DHASH_ADD callers can test such members to see whether the entry was
* newly created by the PL_DHASH_ADD call that just succeeded. If placement
* new or similar initialization is required, define an initEntry hook. Of
* course, the clearEntry hook must zero or null appropriately.
*
* XXX assumes 0 is null for pointer types.
*/
struct PLDHashTableOps
{
/* Mandatory hooks. All implementations must provide these. */
PLDHashAllocTable allocTable;
PLDHashFreeTable freeTable;
PLDHashHashKey hashKey;
PLDHashMatchEntry matchEntry;
PLDHashMoveEntry moveEntry;
PLDHashClearEntry clearEntry;
PLDHashFinalize finalize;
/* Optional hooks start here. If null, these are not called. */
PLDHashInitEntry initEntry;
};
/*
* Default implementations for the above ops.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE void* PL_DHashAllocTable(PLDHashTable* aTable, uint32_t aNBytes);
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashFreeTable(PLDHashTable* aTable, void* aPtr);
NS_COM_GLUE PLDHashNumber PL_DHashStringKey(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const void* aKey);
/* A minimal entry contains a keyHash header and a void key pointer. */
struct PLDHashEntryStub
{
PLDHashEntryHdr hdr;
const void* key;
};
NS_COM_GLUE PLDHashNumber PL_DHashVoidPtrKeyStub(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const void* aKey);
NS_COM_GLUE bool PL_DHashMatchEntryStub(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry,
const void* aKey);
NS_COM_GLUE bool PL_DHashMatchStringKey(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry,
const void* aKey);
NS_COM_GLUE void
PL_DHashMoveEntryStub(PLDHashTable* aTable,
const PLDHashEntryHdr* aFrom,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aTo);
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashClearEntryStub(PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry);
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashFreeStringKey(PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry);
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashFinalizeStub(PLDHashTable* aTable);
/*
* If you use PLDHashEntryStub or a subclass of it as your entry struct, and
* if your entries move via memcpy and clear via memset(0), you can use these
* stub operations.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE const PLDHashTableOps* PL_DHashGetStubOps(void);
/*
* Dynamically allocate a new PLDHashTable using malloc, initialize it using
* PL_DHashTableInit, and return its address. Return null on malloc failure.
* Note that the entry storage at aTable->entryStore will be allocated using
* the aOps->allocTable callback.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE PLDHashTable* PL_NewDHashTable(
const PLDHashTableOps* aOps, void* aData, uint32_t aEntrySize,
uint32_t aLength = PL_DHASH_DEFAULT_INITIAL_LENGTH);
/*
* Finalize aTable's data, free its entry storage (via aTable->ops->freeTable),
* and return the memory starting at aTable to the malloc heap.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashTableDestroy(PLDHashTable* aTable);
/*
* Initialize aTable with aOps, aData, aEntrySize, and aCapacity. The table's
* initial capacity will be chosen such that |aLength| elements can be inserted
* without rehashing. If |aLength| is a power-of-two, this capacity will be
* |2*length|.
*
* This function will crash if it can't allocate enough memory, or if
* |aEntrySize| and/or |aLength| are too large.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashTableInit(
PLDHashTable* aTable, const PLDHashTableOps* aOps, void* aData,
uint32_t aEntrySize, uint32_t aLength = PL_DHASH_DEFAULT_INITIAL_LENGTH);
/*
* Initialize aTable. This is the same as PL_DHashTableInit, except that it
* returns a boolean indicating success, rather than crashing on failure.
*/
MOZ_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT NS_COM_GLUE bool PL_DHashTableInit(
PLDHashTable* aTable, const PLDHashTableOps* aOps, void* aData,
uint32_t aEntrySize, const mozilla::fallible_t&,
uint32_t aLength = PL_DHASH_DEFAULT_INITIAL_LENGTH);
/*
* Finalize aTable's data, free its entry storage using aTable->ops->freeTable,
* and leave its members unchanged from their last live values (which leaves
* pointers dangling). If you want to burn cycles clearing aTable, it's up to
* your code to call memset.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashTableFinish(PLDHashTable* aTable);
/*
* To consolidate keyHash computation and table grow/shrink code, we use a
* single entry point for lookup, add, and remove operations. The operation
* codes are declared here, along with codes returned by PLDHashEnumerator
* functions, which control PL_DHashTableEnumerate's behavior.
*/
typedef enum PLDHashOperator
{
PL_DHASH_LOOKUP = 0, /* lookup entry */
PL_DHASH_ADD = 1, /* add entry */
PL_DHASH_REMOVE = 2, /* remove entry, or enumerator says remove */
PL_DHASH_NEXT = 0, /* enumerator says continue */
PL_DHASH_STOP = 1 /* enumerator says stop */
} PLDHashOperator;
/*
* To lookup a key in table, call:
*
* entry = PL_DHashTableOperate(table, key, PL_DHASH_LOOKUP);
*
* If PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_BUSY(entry) is true, key was found and it identifies
* entry. If PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_FREE(entry) is true, key was not found.
*
* To add an entry identified by key to table, call:
*
* entry = PL_DHashTableOperate(table, key, PL_DHASH_ADD);
*
* If entry is null upon return, then either the table is severely overloaded,
* and memory can't be allocated for entry storage via aTable->ops->allocTable;
* Or if aTable->ops->initEntry is non-null, the aTable->ops->initEntry op may
* have returned false.
*
* Otherwise, aEntry->keyHash has been set so that PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_BUSY(entry)
* is true, and it is up to the caller to initialize the key and value parts
* of the entry sub-type, if they have not been set already (i.e. if entry was
* not already in the table, and if the optional initEntry hook was not used).
*
* To remove an entry identified by key from table, call:
*
* (void) PL_DHashTableOperate(table, key, PL_DHASH_REMOVE);
*
* If key's entry is found, it is cleared (via table->ops->clearEntry) and
* the entry is marked so that PL_DHASH_ENTRY_IS_FREE(entry). This operation
* returns null unconditionally; you should ignore its return value.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE PLDHashEntryHdr* PL_DHASH_FASTCALL
PL_DHashTableOperate(PLDHashTable* aTable, const void* aKey,
PLDHashOperator aOp);
/*
* Remove an entry already accessed via LOOKUP or ADD.
*
* NB: this is a "raw" or low-level routine, intended to be used only where
* the inefficiency of a full PL_DHashTableOperate (which rehashes in order
* to find the entry given its key) is not tolerable. This function does not
* shrink the table if it is underloaded. It does not update stats #ifdef
* PL_DHASHMETER, either.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashTableRawRemove(PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aEntry);
/*
* Enumerate entries in table using etor:
*
* count = PL_DHashTableEnumerate(table, etor, arg);
*
* PL_DHashTableEnumerate calls etor like so:
*
* op = etor(table, entry, number, arg);
*
* where number is a zero-based ordinal assigned to live entries according to
* their order in aTable->entryStore.
*
* The return value, op, is treated as a set of flags. If op is PL_DHASH_NEXT,
* then continue enumerating. If op contains PL_DHASH_REMOVE, then clear (via
* aTable->ops->clearEntry) and free entry. Then we check whether op contains
* PL_DHASH_STOP; if so, stop enumerating and return the number of live entries
* that were enumerated so far. Return the total number of live entries when
* enumeration completes normally.
*
* If etor calls PL_DHashTableOperate on table with op != PL_DHASH_LOOKUP, it
* must return PL_DHASH_STOP; otherwise undefined behavior results.
*
* If any enumerator returns PL_DHASH_REMOVE, aTable->entryStore may be shrunk
* or compressed after enumeration, but before PL_DHashTableEnumerate returns.
* Such an enumerator therefore can't safely set aside entry pointers, but an
* enumerator that never returns PL_DHASH_REMOVE can set pointers to entries
* aside, e.g., to avoid copying live entries into an array of the entry type.
* Copying entry pointers is cheaper, and safe so long as the caller of such a
* "stable" Enumerate doesn't use the set-aside pointers after any call either
* to PL_DHashTableOperate, or to an "unstable" form of Enumerate, which might
* grow or shrink entryStore.
*
* If your enumerator wants to remove certain entries, but set aside pointers
* to other entries that it retains, it can use PL_DHashTableRawRemove on the
* entries to be removed, returning PL_DHASH_NEXT to skip them. Likewise, if
* you want to remove entries, but for some reason you do not want entryStore
* to be shrunk or compressed, you can call PL_DHashTableRawRemove safely on
* the entry being enumerated, rather than returning PL_DHASH_REMOVE.
*/
typedef PLDHashOperator (*PLDHashEnumerator)(PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashEntryHdr* aHdr,
uint32_t aNumber, void* aArg);
NS_COM_GLUE uint32_t
PL_DHashTableEnumerate(PLDHashTable* aTable, PLDHashEnumerator aEtor,
void* aArg);
typedef size_t (*PLDHashSizeOfEntryExcludingThisFun)(
PLDHashEntryHdr* aHdr, mozilla::MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf, void* aArg);
/**
* Measure the size of the table's entry storage, and if
* |aSizeOfEntryExcludingThis| is non-nullptr, measure the size of things
* pointed to by entries. Doesn't measure |ops| because it's often shared
* between tables, nor |data| because it's opaque.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE size_t PL_DHashTableSizeOfExcludingThis(
const PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashSizeOfEntryExcludingThisFun aSizeOfEntryExcludingThis,
mozilla::MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf, void* aArg = nullptr);
/**
* Like PL_DHashTableSizeOfExcludingThis, but includes sizeof(*this).
*/
NS_COM_GLUE size_t PL_DHashTableSizeOfIncludingThis(
const PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashSizeOfEntryExcludingThisFun aSizeOfEntryExcludingThis,
mozilla::MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf, void* aArg = nullptr);
#ifdef DEBUG
/**
* Mark a table as immutable for the remainder of its lifetime. This
* changes the implementation from ASSERTing one set of invariants to
* ASSERTing a different set.
*
* When a table is NOT marked as immutable, the table implementation
* asserts that the table is not mutated from its own callbacks. It
* assumes the caller protects the table from being accessed on multiple
* threads simultaneously.
*
* When the table is marked as immutable, the re-entry assertions will
* no longer trigger erroneously due to multi-threaded access. Instead,
* mutations will cause assertions.
*/
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashMarkTableImmutable(PLDHashTable* aTable);
#endif
#ifdef PL_DHASHMETER
#include <stdio.h>
NS_COM_GLUE void PL_DHashTableDumpMeter(PLDHashTable* aTable,
PLDHashEnumerator aDump, FILE* aFp);
#endif
#endif /* pldhash_h___ */