diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
index 8f920296..fe363552 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
         break;
       }
       rowElement.replaceChildren(
-        this._rowFactory.createRow(
+        ...this._rowFactory.createRow(
           lineData,
           row,
           row === cursorAbsoluteY,
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
         break;
       }
       rowElement.replaceChildren(
-        this._rowFactory.createRow(
+        ...this._rowFactory.createRow(
           bufferline,
           row,
           row === cursorAbsoluteY,
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.test.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.test.ts
index f3363098..7fd7352b 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.test.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.test.ts
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
 
   describe('createRow', () => {
     it('should not create anything for an empty row', () => {
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         ''
       );
     });
@@ -58,24 +58,24 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       lineData.setCell(0, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, '語', 2, '語'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       // There should be no element for the following "empty" cell
       lineData.setCell(1, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, '', 0, 0]));
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span>語</span>'
       );
     });
 
     it('should add class for cursor and cursor style', () => {
       for (const style of ['block', 'bar', 'underline']) {
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, true, style, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, true, style, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           `<span class="xterm-cursor xterm-cursor-${style}"> </span>`
         );
       }
     });
 
     it('should add class for cursor blink', () => {
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, true, 'block', 0, true, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, true, 'block', 0, true, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         `<span class="xterm-cursor xterm-cursor-blink xterm-cursor-block"> </span>`
       );
     });
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         const cell = CellData.fromCharData([0, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]);
         cell.fg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.fg | FgFlags.BOLD;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-bold">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         const cell = CellData.fromCharData([0, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]);
         cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.ITALIC;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-italic">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         const cell = CellData.fromCharData([0, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]);
         cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.DIM;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-dim">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.HAS_EXTENDED;
           cell.extended.underlineStyle = UnderlineStyle.SINGLE;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             '<span class="xterm-underline-1">a</span>'
           );
         });
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.HAS_EXTENDED;
           cell.extended.underlineStyle = UnderlineStyle.DOUBLE;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             '<span class="xterm-underline-2">a</span>'
           );
         });
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.HAS_EXTENDED;
           cell.extended.underlineStyle = UnderlineStyle.CURLY;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             '<span class="xterm-underline-3">a</span>'
           );
         });
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.HAS_EXTENDED;
           cell.extended.underlineStyle = UnderlineStyle.DOTTED;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             '<span class="xterm-underline-4">a</span>'
           );
         });
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.HAS_EXTENDED;
           cell.extended.underlineStyle = UnderlineStyle.DASHED;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             '<span class="xterm-underline-5">a</span>'
           );
         });
@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         const cell = CellData.fromCharData([0, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]);
         cell.bg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.bg | BgFlags.OVERLINE;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-overline">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         const cell = CellData.fromCharData([0, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]);
         cell.fg = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.fg | FgFlags.STRIKETHROUGH;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-strikethrough">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.fg &= ~Attributes.PCOLOR_MASK;
           cell.fg |= i;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             `<span class="xterm-fg-${i}">a</span>`
           );
         }
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.bg &= ~Attributes.PCOLOR_MASK;
           cell.bg |= i;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             `<span class="xterm-bg-${i}">a</span>`
           );
         }
@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         cell.fg |= Attributes.CM_P16 | 2 | FgFlags.INVERSE;
         cell.bg |= Attributes.CM_P16 | 1;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-bg-2 xterm-fg-1">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         cell.fg |= FgFlags.INVERSE;
         cell.bg |= Attributes.CM_P16 | 1;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-bg-257 xterm-fg-1">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         const cell = CellData.fromCharData([0, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]);
         cell.fg |= Attributes.CM_P16 | 1 | FgFlags.INVERSE;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-bg-1 xterm-fg-257">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
           cell.fg &= ~Attributes.PCOLOR_MASK;
           cell.fg |= i;
           lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-          const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-          assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+          const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+          assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
             `<span class="xterm-bold xterm-fg-${i + 8}">a</span>`
           );
         }
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         cell.fg |= Attributes.CM_RGB | 1 << 16 | 2 << 8 | 3;
         cell.bg |= Attributes.CM_RGB | 4 << 16 | 5 << 8 | 6;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span style="background-color:#040506;color:#010203;">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         cell.fg |= Attributes.CM_RGB | 1 << 16 | 2 << 8 | 3 | FgFlags.INVERSE;
         cell.bg |= Attributes.CM_RGB | 4 << 16 | 5 << 8 | 6;
         lineData.setCell(0, cell);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span style="background-color:#010203;color:#040506;">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -291,16 +291,16 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
         lineData.setCell(0, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]));
         lineData.setCell(1, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'b', 1, 'b'.charCodeAt(0)]));
         rowFactory.handleSelectionChanged([1, 0], [2, 0], false);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span>a</span><span class="xterm-decoration-top">b</span>'
         );
       });
       it('should force whitespace cells to be rendered above the background', () => {
         lineData.setCell(1, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]));
         rowFactory.handleSelectionChanged([0, 0], [2, 0], false);
-        const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-        assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+        const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+        assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
           '<span class="xterm-decoration-top"> </span><span class="xterm-decoration-top">a</span>'
         );
       });
@@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
     });
 
     it('should not create anything for an empty row', () => {
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         ''
       );
     });
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       lineData.setCell(0, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       lineData.setCell(1, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'b', 1, 'b'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       lineData.setCell(2, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'c', 1, 'c'.charCodeAt(0)]));
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span>abc</span>'
       );
     });
@@ -337,8 +337,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       lineData.setCell(0, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       lineData.setCell(1, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, '€', 1, '€'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       lineData.setCell(2, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'c', 1, 'c'.charCodeAt(0)]));
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span>a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3px;">€</span><span>c</span>'
       );
     });
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       lineData.setCell(1, aColor1);
       lineData.setCell(2, bColor2);
       lineData.setCell(3, bColor2);
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span class="xterm-fg-1">aa</span><span class="xterm-fg-2">bb</span>'
       );
     });
@@ -364,8 +364,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       lineData.setCell(2, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'X', 1, 'X'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       lineData.setCell(3, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'b', 1, 'b'.charCodeAt(0)]));
       lineData.setCell(4, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'b', 1, 'b'.charCodeAt(0)]));
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, true, undefined, 2, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, true, undefined, 2, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span>aa</span><span class="xterm-cursor xterm-cursor-block">X</span><span>bb</span>'
       );
     });
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       nullCell.bg = Attributes.CM_P16 | 2;
       lineData.setCell(3, nullCell);
       lineData.setCell(4, nullCell);
-      const fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      const spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span>  </span><span class="xterm-bg-1"> </span><span class="xterm-bg-2">  </span>'
       );
     });
@@ -387,33 +387,33 @@ describe('DomRendererRowFactory', () => {
       const nullCell = lineData.loadCell(0, new CellData());
       nullCell.bg = Attributes.CM_P16 | 1;
       lineData.setCell(0, nullCell);
-      let fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      let spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span class="xterm-bg-1"> </span>'
       );
       lineData.setCell(1, nullCell);
-      fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span class="xterm-bg-1">  </span>'
       );
       lineData.setCell(2, nullCell);
       lineData.setCell(3, nullCell);
-      fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span class="xterm-bg-1">    </span>'
       );
       lineData.setCell(4, CellData.fromCharData([DEFAULT_ATTR, 'a', 1, 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]));
-      fragment = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
-      assert.equal(getFragmentHtml(fragment),
+      spans = rowFactory.createRow(lineData, 0, false, undefined, 0, false, 5, EMPTY_WIDTH, -1, -1);
+      assert.equal(extractHtml(spans),
         '<span class="xterm-bg-1">    </span><span>a</span>'
       );
     });
 
   });
 
-  function getFragmentHtml(fragment: DocumentFragment): string {
+  function extractHtml(spans: HTMLSpanElement[]): string {
     const element = dom.window.document.createElement('div');
-    element.appendChild(fragment);
+    element.replaceChildren(...spans);
     return element.innerHTML;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
index ece98ea5..6051eb56 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
     widthCache: WidthCache,
     linkStart: number,
     linkEnd: number
-  ): DocumentFragment {
+  ): HTMLSpanElement[] {
 
-    const fragment = this._document.createDocumentFragment();
+    const elements: HTMLSpanElement[] = [];
     const joinedRanges = this._characterJoinerService.getJoinedCharacters(row);
     const colors = this._themeService.colors;
 
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
         charElement.style.letterSpacing = `${spacing}px`;
       }
 
-      fragment.appendChild(charElement);
+      elements.push(charElement);
       x = lastCharX;
     }
 
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
       charElement.textContent = text;
     }
 
-    return fragment;
+    return elements;
   }
 
   private _applyMinimumContrast(element: HTMLElement, bg: IColor, fg: IColor, cell: ICellData, bgOverride: IColor | undefined, fgOverride: IColor | undefined): boolean {