diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index d2f39e6b..559ae17a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         node-version: [18] # just one as integration tests are about testing in browser
-        runs-on: [ubuntu] # macos is flaky
+        runs-on: [ubuntu-22.04] # macos is flaky
         browser: [chromium, firefox, webkit]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
     - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}.x
diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index 3bf1c691..cf683d8a 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -2,13 +2,8 @@
   "files.associations": {
     ".eslintrc.json.typings": "jsonc"
   },
-  // Hide output files from the file explorer, comment this out to see the build output
   "files.exclude": {
-    "**/.nyc_output": true,
-    "**/lib": true,
-    "**/dist": true,
-    "**/out": true,
-    "**/out-*": true,
+    "**/.nyc_output": true
   },
   "typescript.preferences.importModuleSpecifier": "non-relative",
   "typescript.preferences.quoteStyle": "single",
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ede1b97e..130219ec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -227,6 +227,8 @@ Xterm.js is used in several world-class applications to provide great terminal e
 - [**balena**](https://www.balena.io/): Balena is a full-stack solution for developing, deploying, updating, and troubleshooting IoT Edge devices. We use xterm.js to manage & debug devices on [balenaCloud](https://www.balena.io/cloud).
 - [**Filet Cloud**](https://github.com/fuglaro/filet-cloud): The lean and powerful personal cloud ⛅.
 - [**pyTermTk**](https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk): Python Terminal Toolkit - a Spiced Up Cross Compatible TUI Library 🌶️, use xterm.js for the [HTML5 exporter](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/sandbox/sandbox.html).
+- [**ecmaOS**](https://ecmaos.sh): A kernel and suite of applications tying modern web technologies into a browser-based operating system.
+- [**LabEx**](https://labex.io): Interactive learning platform with hands-on labs and xterm.js-based online terminals, focused on learn-by-doing approach.
 - [And much more...](https://github.com/xtermjs/xterm.js/network/dependents?package_id=UGFja2FnZS0xNjYzMjc4OQ%3D%3D)
 
 Do you use xterm.js in your application as well? Please [open a Pull Request](https://github.com/sourcelair/xterm.js/pulls) to include it here. We would love to have it on our list. Note: Please add any new contributions to the end of the list only.
diff --git a/addons/addon-ligatures/src/LigaturesAddon.ts b/addons/addon-ligatures/src/LigaturesAddon.ts
index cb589303..2bde9cf6 100644
--- a/addons/addon-ligatures/src/LigaturesAddon.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-ligatures/src/LigaturesAddon.ts
@@ -15,24 +15,31 @@ export interface ITerminalAddon {
 
 export class LigaturesAddon implements ITerminalAddon , ILigaturesApi {
   private readonly _fallbackLigatures: string[];
+  private readonly _fontFeatureSettings?: string;
 
   private _terminal: Terminal | undefined;
   private _characterJoinerId: number | undefined;
 
   constructor(options?: Partial<ILigatureOptions>) {
+    // Source: calt set from https://github.com/be5invis/Iosevka?tab=readme-ov-file#ligations
     this._fallbackLigatures = (options?.fallbackLigatures || [
       '<--', '<---', '<<-', '<-', '->', '->>', '-->', '--->',
       '<==', '<===', '<<=', '<=', '=>', '=>>', '==>', '===>', '>=', '>>=',
-      '<->', '<-->', '<--->', '<---->', '<=>', '<==>', '<===>', '<====>', '-------->',
-      '<~~', '<~', '~>', '~~>', '::', ':::', '==', '!=', '===', '!==',
-      ':=', ':-', ':+', '<*', '<*>', '*>', '<|', '<|>', '|>', '+:', '-:', '=:', ':>',
-      '++', '+++', '<!--', '<!---', '<***>'
+      '<->', '<-->', '<--->', '<---->', '<=>', '<==>', '<===>', '<====>', '::', ':::',
+      '<~~', '</', '</>', '/>', '~~>', '==', '!=', '/=', '~=', '<>', '===', '!==', '!===',
+      '<:', ':=', '*=', '*+', '<*', '<*>', '*>', '<|', '<|>', '|>', '+*', '=*', '=:', ':>',
+      '/*', '*/', '+++', '<!--', '<!---'
     ]).sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);
+    this._fontFeatureSettings = options?.fontFeatureSettings;
   }
 
   public activate(terminal: Terminal): void {
+    if (!terminal.element) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot activate LigaturesAddon before open is called');
+    }
     this._terminal = terminal;
     this._characterJoinerId = enableLigatures(terminal, this._fallbackLigatures);
+    terminal.element.style.fontFeatureSettings = this._fontFeatureSettings ?? '"calt" on';
   }
 
   public dispose(): void {
@@ -40,5 +47,8 @@ export class LigaturesAddon implements ITerminalAddon , ILigaturesApi {
       this._terminal?.deregisterCharacterJoiner(this._characterJoinerId);
       this._characterJoinerId = undefined;
     }
+    if (this._terminal?.element) {
+      this._terminal.element.style.fontFeatureSettings = '';
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/addons/addon-ligatures/src/Types.ts b/addons/addon-ligatures/src/Types.ts
index 09ad68c7..91bb916e 100644
--- a/addons/addon-ligatures/src/Types.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-ligatures/src/Types.ts
@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@
 
 export interface ILigatureOptions {
   fallbackLigatures: string[];
+  fontFeatureSettings: string;
 }
diff --git a/addons/addon-ligatures/typings/addon-ligatures.d.ts b/addons/addon-ligatures/typings/addon-ligatures.d.ts
index 2fd4f3e7..cdf182db 100644
--- a/addons/addon-ligatures/typings/addon-ligatures.d.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-ligatures/typings/addon-ligatures.d.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ declare module '@xterm/addon-ligatures' {
     constructor(options?: Partial<ILigatureOptions>);
 
     /**
-     * Activates the addon
+     * Activates the addon. Note that if webgl is also being used, that addon
+     * should be reactivated after ligatures is activated in order to apply
+     * {@link ILigatureOptions.fontFeatureSettings} to the texture atlas.
+     *
      *
      * @param terminal The terminal the addon is being loaded in.
      */
@@ -40,19 +43,28 @@ declare module '@xterm/addon-ligatures' {
    */
   export interface ILigatureOptions {
     /**
-     * Fallback ligatures to use when the font access API is either not supported by the browser or
-     * access is denied. The default set of ligatures is taken from Iosevka's default "calt"
-     * ligation set: https://typeof.net/Iosevka/
+     * Fallback ligatures to use when the font access API is either not
+     * supported by the browser or access is denied. The default set of
+     * ligatures is taken from Iosevka's default "calt" ligation set:
+     * https://typeof.net/Iosevka/
      *
      * ```
      * <-- <--- <<- <- -> ->> --> --->
      * <== <=== <<= <= => =>> ==> ===> >= >>=
-     * <-> <--> <---> <----> <=> <==> <===> <====> -------->
-     * <~~ <~ ~> ~~> :: ::: == != === !==
-     * := :- :+ <* <*> *> <| <|> |> +: -: =: :>
-     * ++ +++ <!-- <!--- <***>
-     * ```
+     * <-> <--> <---> <----> <=> <==> <===> <====> :: :::
+     * <~~ </ </> /> ~~> == != /= ~= <> === !== !===
+     * <: := *= *+ <* <*> *> <| <|> |> +* =* =: :>
+     * /* <close block comment> +++ <!-- <!---
      */
     fallbackLigatures: string[]
+
+    /**
+     * The CSS `font-feature-settings` value to use for enabling ligatures. This
+     * also supports font variants for example with a value like
+     * `"calt" on, "ss03"`.
+     *
+     * The default value is `"calt" on`.
+     */
+    fontFeatureSettings: string;
   }
 }
diff --git a/addons/addon-ligatures/webpack.config.js b/addons/addon-ligatures/webpack.config.js
index f9e9f347..c43d0a17 100644
--- a/addons/addon-ligatures/webpack.config.js
+++ b/addons/addon-ligatures/webpack.config.js
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ module.exports = {
   },
   mode: 'production',
   externals: {
-    'fs': 'fs',
-    'path': 'path',
-    'stream': 'stream',
-    'util': 'util'
+    'fs': 'commonjs fs',
+    'path': 'commonjs path',
+    'stream': 'commonjs stream',
+    'util': 'commonjs util'
   },
   resolve: {
     // The ligature modules contains fallbacks for node environments, we never want to browserify them
diff --git a/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts b/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts
index 79ed31ba..77cf9b16 100644
--- a/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts
@@ -499,12 +499,16 @@ export class SearchAddon extends Disposable implements ITerminalAddon , ISearchA
     const [stringLine, offsets] = cache;
 
     const offset = this._bufferColsToStringOffset(row, col);
-    const searchTerm = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? term : term.toLowerCase();
-    const searchStringLine = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? stringLine : stringLine.toLowerCase();
+    let searchTerm = term;
+    let searchStringLine = stringLine;
+    if (!searchOptions.regex) {
+      searchTerm = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? term : term.toLowerCase();
+      searchStringLine = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? stringLine : stringLine.toLowerCase();
+    }
 
     let resultIndex = -1;
     if (searchOptions.regex) {
-      const searchRegex = RegExp(searchTerm, 'g');
+      const searchRegex = RegExp(searchTerm, searchOptions.caseSensitive ? 'g' : 'gi');
       let foundTerm: RegExpExecArray | null;
       if (isReverseSearch) {
         // This loop will get the resultIndex of the _last_ regex match in the range 0..offset
diff --git a/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts b/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts
index 7cb071bf..0252b201 100644
--- a/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ describe('SerializeAddon', () => {
 
     it('empty terminal with default options', async () => {
       const output = serializeAddon.serializeAsHTML();
-      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: courier-new, courier, monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
+      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
     });
 
     it('empty terminal with custom options', async () => {
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ describe('SerializeAddon', () => {
       const output = serializeAddon.serializeAsHTML({
         includeGlobalBackground: true
       });
-      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #ffffff; background-color: #000000; font-family: courier-new, courier, monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
+      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #ffffff; background-color: #000000; font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
     });
 
     it('cells with custom color styling', async () => {
diff --git a/addons/addon-webgl/src/GlyphRenderer.ts b/addons/addon-webgl/src/GlyphRenderer.ts
index a6a74025..f76804fd 100644
--- a/addons/addon-webgl/src/GlyphRenderer.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-webgl/src/GlyphRenderer.ts
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ export class GlyphRenderer extends Disposable {
 
     // Get the glyph
     if (chars && chars.length > 1) {
-      $glyph = this._atlas.getRasterizedGlyphCombinedChar(chars, bg, fg, ext, false);
+      $glyph = this._atlas.getRasterizedGlyphCombinedChar(chars, bg, fg, ext, false, this._terminal.element);
     } else {
-      $glyph = this._atlas.getRasterizedGlyph(code, bg, fg, ext, false);
+      $glyph = this._atlas.getRasterizedGlyph(code, bg, fg, ext, false, this._terminal.element);
     }
 
     $leftCellPadding = Math.floor((this._dimensions.device.cell.width - this._dimensions.device.char.width) / 2);
diff --git a/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts b/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts
index 48023eae..4be864c1 100644
--- a/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
   private _charAtlasDisposable = this._register(new MutableDisposable());
   private _charAtlas: ITextureAtlas | undefined;
   private _devicePixelRatio: number;
+  private _deviceMaxTextureSize: number;
   private _observerDisposable = this._register(new MutableDisposable());
 
   private _model: RenderModel = new RenderModel();
@@ -102,6 +103,8 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
       throw new Error('WebGL2 not supported ' + this._gl);
     }
 
+    this._deviceMaxTextureSize = this._gl.getParameter(this._gl.MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE);
+
     this._register(addDisposableListener(this._canvas, 'webglcontextlost', (e) => {
       console.log('webglcontextlost event received');
       // Prevent the default behavior in order to enable WebGL context restoration.
@@ -272,7 +275,8 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
       this.dimensions.device.cell.height,
       this.dimensions.device.char.width,
       this.dimensions.device.char.height,
-      this._coreBrowserService.dpr
+      this._coreBrowserService.dpr,
+      this._deviceMaxTextureSize
     );
     if (this._charAtlas !== atlas) {
       this._onChangeTextureAtlas.fire(atlas.pages[0].canvas);
@@ -314,14 +318,6 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     this._updateCursorBlink();
   }
 
-  public registerCharacterJoiner(handler: (text: string) => [number, number][]): number {
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  public deregisterCharacterJoiner(joinerId: number): boolean {
-    return false;
-  }
-
   public renderRows(start: number, end: number): void {
     if (!this._isAttached) {
       if (this._coreBrowserService.window.document.body.contains(this._core.screenElement!) && this._charSizeService.width && this._charSizeService.height) {
@@ -362,7 +358,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
   }
 
   private _updateCursorBlink(): void {
-    if (this._terminal.options.cursorBlink) {
+    if (this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink ?? this._terminal.options.cursorBlink) {
       this._cursorBlinkStateManager.value = new CursorBlinkStateManager(() => {
         this._requestRedrawCursor();
       }, this._coreBrowserService);
@@ -385,8 +381,11 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     let line: IBufferLine;
     let joinedRanges: [number, number][];
     let isJoined: boolean;
+    let skipJoinedCheckUntilX: number = 0;
+    let isValidJoinRange: boolean = true;
     let lastCharX: number;
     let range: [number, number];
+    let isCursorRow: boolean;
     let chars: string;
     let code: number;
     let width: number;
@@ -395,6 +394,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     let j: number;
     start = clamp(start, terminal.rows - 1, 0);
     end = clamp(end, terminal.rows - 1, 0);
+    const cursorStyle = this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle ?? terminal.options.cursorStyle ?? 'block';
 
     const cursorY = this._terminal.buffer.active.baseY + this._terminal.buffer.active.cursorY;
     const viewportRelativeCursorY = cursorY - terminal.buffer.ydisp;
@@ -412,6 +412,8 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
       row = y + terminal.buffer.ydisp;
       line = terminal.buffer.lines.get(row)!;
       this._model.lineLengths[y] = 0;
+      isCursorRow = cursorY === row;
+      skipJoinedCheckUntilX = 0;
       joinedRanges = this._characterJoinerService.getJoinedCharacters(row);
       for (x = 0; x < terminal.cols; x++) {
         lastBg = this._cellColorResolver.result.bg;
@@ -423,25 +425,43 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
 
         // If true, indicates that the current character(s) to draw were joined.
         isJoined = false;
+
+        // Indicates whether this cell is part of a joined range that should be ignored as it cannot
+        // be rendered entirely, like the selection state differs across the range.
+        isValidJoinRange = (x >= skipJoinedCheckUntilX);
+
         lastCharX = x;
 
         // Process any joined character ranges as needed. Because of how the
         // ranges are produced, we know that they are valid for the characters
         // and attributes of our input.
-        if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0]) {
-          isJoined = true;
+        if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0] && isValidJoinRange) {
           range = joinedRanges.shift()!;
 
-          // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
-          // so we get the string and width representing it directly.
-          cell = new JoinedCellData(
-            cell,
-            line!.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
-            range[1] - range[0]
-          );
+          // If the ligature's selection state is not consistent, don't join it. This helps the
+          // selection render correctly regardless whether they should be joined.
+          const firstSelectionState = this._model.selection.isCellSelected(this._terminal, range[0], row);
+          for (i = range[0] + 1; i < range[1]; i++) {
+            isValidJoinRange &&= (firstSelectionState === this._model.selection.isCellSelected(this._terminal, i, row));
+          }
+          // Similarly, if the cursor is in the ligature, don't join it.
+          isValidJoinRange &&= !isCursorRow || cursorX < range[0] || cursorX >= range[1];
+          if (!isValidJoinRange) {
+            skipJoinedCheckUntilX = range[1];
+          } else {
+            isJoined = true;
 
-          // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
-          lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
+            // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
+            // so we get the string and width representing it directly.
+            cell = new JoinedCellData(
+              cell,
+              line!.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
+              range[1] - range[0]
+            );
+
+            // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
+            lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
+          }
         }
 
         chars = cell.getChars();
@@ -458,8 +478,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
               x: cursorX,
               y: viewportRelativeCursorY,
               width: cell.getWidth(),
-              style: this._coreBrowserService.isFocused ?
-                (terminal.options.cursorStyle || 'block') : terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle,
+              style: this._coreBrowserService.isFocused ? cursorStyle : terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle,
               cursorWidth: terminal.options.cursorWidth,
               dpr: this._devicePixelRatio
             };
@@ -467,9 +486,10 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
           }
           if (x >= cursorX && x <= lastCursorX &&
               ((this._coreBrowserService.isFocused &&
-              (terminal.options.cursorStyle || 'block') === 'block') ||
+              cursorStyle === 'block') ||
               (this._coreBrowserService.isFocused === false &&
-              terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle === 'block'))) {
+              terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle === 'block'))
+          ) {
             this._cellColorResolver.result.fg =
               Attributes.CM_RGB | (this._themeService.colors.cursorAccent.rgba >> 8 & Attributes.RGB_MASK);
             this._cellColorResolver.result.bg =
@@ -510,14 +530,17 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
           cell = this._workCell;
 
           // Null out non-first cells
-          for (x++; x < lastCharX; x++) {
+          for (x++; x <= lastCharX; x++) {
             j = ((y * terminal.cols) + x) * RENDER_MODEL_INDICIES_PER_CELL;
             this._glyphRenderer.value!.updateCell(x, y, NULL_CELL_CODE, 0, 0, 0, NULL_CELL_CHAR, 0, 0);
             this._model.cells[j] = NULL_CELL_CODE;
+            // Don't re-resolve the cell color since multi-colored ligature backgrounds are not
+            // supported
             this._model.cells[j + RENDER_MODEL_BG_OFFSET] = this._cellColorResolver.result.bg;
             this._model.cells[j + RENDER_MODEL_FG_OFFSET] = this._cellColorResolver.result.fg;
             this._model.cells[j + RENDER_MODEL_EXT_OFFSET] = this._cellColorResolver.result.ext;
           }
+          x--; // Go back to the previous update cell for next iteration
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts b/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts
index 3d9a1aa5..0cac7eb3 100644
--- a/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ export abstract class BaseRenderLayer extends Disposable implements IRenderLayer
     if (this._deviceCharWidth <= 0 && this._deviceCharHeight <= 0) {
       return;
     }
-    this._charAtlas = acquireTextureAtlas(terminal, this._optionsService.rawOptions, colorSet, this._deviceCellWidth, this._deviceCellHeight, this._deviceCharWidth, this._deviceCharHeight, this._coreBrowserService.dpr);
+
+    this._charAtlas = acquireTextureAtlas(terminal, this._optionsService.rawOptions, colorSet, this._deviceCellWidth, this._deviceCellHeight, this._deviceCharWidth, this._deviceCharHeight, this._coreBrowserService.dpr, 2048);
     this._charAtlas.warmUp();
   }
 
diff --git a/demo/client.ts b/demo/client.ts
index 49ba6743..e926eaaa 100644
--- a/demo/client.ts
+++ b/demo/client.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ if ('WebAssembly' in window) {
   ImageAddon = imageAddon.ImageAddon;
 }
 
-import { Terminal, ITerminalOptions, type IDisposable } from '@xterm/xterm';
+import { Terminal, ITerminalOptions, type IDisposable, type ITheme } from '@xterm/xterm';
 import { AttachAddon } from '@xterm/addon-attach';
 import { ClipboardAddon } from '@xterm/addon-clipboard';
 import { FitAddon } from '@xterm/addon-fit';
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ const xtermjsTheme = {
   brightCyan: '#72F0FF',
   white: '#F8F8F8',
   brightWhite: '#FFFFFF'
-};
+} satisfies ITheme;
 function setPadding(): void {
   term.element.style.padding = parseInt(paddingElement.value, 10).toString() + 'px';
   addons.fit.instance.fit();
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ if (document.location.pathname === '/test') {
   document.getElementById('add-decoration').addEventListener('click', addDecoration);
   document.getElementById('add-overview-ruler').addEventListener('click', addOverviewRuler);
   document.getElementById('decoration-stress-test').addEventListener('click', decorationStressTest);
+  document.getElementById('ligatures-test').addEventListener('click', ligaturesTest);
   document.getElementById('weblinks-test').addEventListener('click', testWeblinks);
   document.getElementById('bce').addEventListener('click', coloredErase);
   addVtButtons();
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ function createTerminal(): void {
       backend: 'conpty',
       buildNumber: 22621
     } : undefined,
-    fontFamily: '"Fira Code", courier-new, courier, monospace, "Powerline Extra Symbols"',
+    fontFamily: '"Fira Code", monospace, "Powerline Extra Symbols"',
     theme: xtermjsTheme
   } as ITerminalOptions);
 
@@ -366,14 +367,19 @@ function createTerminal(): void {
     // Set terminal size again to set the specific dimensions on the demo
     updateTerminalSize();
 
-    const res = await fetch('/terminals?cols=' + term.cols + '&rows=' + term.rows, { method: 'POST' });
-    const processId = await res.text();
-    pid = processId;
-    socketURL += processId;
-    socket = new WebSocket(socketURL);
-    socket.onopen = runRealTerminal;
-    socket.onclose = runFakeTerminal;
-    socket.onerror = runFakeTerminal;
+    const useRealTerminal = document.getElementById('use-real-terminal');
+    if (useRealTerminal instanceof HTMLInputElement && !useRealTerminal.checked) {
+      runFakeTerminal();
+    } else {
+      const res = await fetch('/terminals?cols=' + term.cols + '&rows=' + term.rows, { method: 'POST' });
+      const processId = await res.text();
+      pid = processId;
+      socketURL += processId;
+      socket = new WebSocket(socketURL);
+      socket.onopen = runRealTerminal;
+      socket.onclose = runFakeTerminal;
+      socket.onerror = runFakeTerminal;
+    }
   }, 0);
 }
 
@@ -631,17 +637,25 @@ function initAddons(term: Terminal): void {
         }
         return;
       }
+      function postInitWebgl(): void {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          setTextureAtlas(addons.webgl.instance.textureAtlas);
+          addons.webgl.instance.onChangeTextureAtlas(e => setTextureAtlas(e));
+          addons.webgl.instance.onAddTextureAtlasCanvas(e => appendTextureAtlas(e));
+        }, 500);
+      }
+      function preDisposeWebgl(): void {
+        if (addons.webgl.instance.textureAtlas) {
+          addons.webgl.instance.textureAtlas.remove();
+        }
+      }
       if (checkbox.checked) {
         // HACK: Manually remove addons that cannot be changes
         addon.instance = new (addon as IDemoAddon<Exclude<AddonType, 'attach'>>).ctor();
         try {
           term.loadAddon(addon.instance);
           if (name === 'webgl') {
-            setTimeout(() => {
-              setTextureAtlas(addons.webgl.instance.textureAtlas);
-              addons.webgl.instance.onChangeTextureAtlas(e => setTextureAtlas(e));
-              addons.webgl.instance.onAddTextureAtlasCanvas(e => appendTextureAtlas(e));
-            }, 0);
+            postInitWebgl();
           } else if (name === 'unicode11') {
             term.unicode.activeVersion = '11';
           } else if (name === 'unicodeGraphemes') {
@@ -657,13 +671,24 @@ function initAddons(term: Terminal): void {
         }
       } else {
         if (name === 'webgl') {
-          addons.webgl.instance.textureAtlas.remove();
+          preDisposeWebgl();
         } else if (name === 'unicode11' || name === 'unicodeGraphemes') {
           term.unicode.activeVersion = '6';
         }
         addon.instance!.dispose();
         addon.instance = undefined;
       }
+      if (name === 'ligatures') {
+        // Recreate webgl when ligatures are toggled so texture atlas picks up any font feature
+        // settings changes
+        if (addons.webgl.instance) {
+          preDisposeWebgl();
+          addons.webgl.instance.dispose();
+          addons.webgl.instance = new addons.webgl.ctor();
+          term.loadAddon(addons.webgl.instance);
+          postInitWebgl();
+        }
+      }
     });
     const label = document.createElement('label');
     label.classList.add('addon');
@@ -1261,9 +1286,9 @@ function addVtButtons(): void {
 
     const element = document.createElement('button');
     element.textContent = name;
-    writeCsi.split('');
-    const prefix = writeCsi.length === 2 ? writeCsi[0] : '';
-    const suffix = writeCsi[writeCsi.length - 1];
+    const writeCsiSplit = writeCsi.split('|');
+    const prefix = writeCsiSplit.length === 2 ? writeCsiSplit[0] : '';
+    const suffix = writeCsiSplit[writeCsiSplit.length - 1];
     element.addEventListener(`click`, () => term.write(csi(`${prefix}${inputs.map(e => e.value).join(';')}${suffix}`)));
 
     const desc = document.createElement('span');
@@ -1276,22 +1301,23 @@ function addVtButtons(): void {
   }
   const vtFragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
   const buttonSpecs: { [key: string]: { label: string, description: string, paramCount?: number }} = {
-    A:    { label: 'CUU ↑',  description: 'Cursor Up Ps Times' },
-    B:    { label: 'CUD ↓',  description: 'Cursor Down Ps Times' },
-    C:    { label: 'CUF →',  description: 'Cursor Forward Ps Times' },
-    D:    { label: 'CUB ←',  description: 'Cursor Backward Ps Times' },
-    E:    { label: 'CNL',    description: 'Cursor Next Line Ps Times' },
-    F:    { label: 'CPL',    description: 'Cursor Preceding Line Ps Times' },
-    G:    { label: 'CHA',    description: 'Cursor Character Absolute' },
-    H:    { label: 'CUP',    description: 'Cursor Position [row;column]', paramCount: 2 },
-    I:    { label: 'CHT',    description: 'Cursor Forward Tabulation Ps tab stops' },
-    J:    { label: 'ED',     description: 'Erase in Display' },
-    '?J': { label: 'DECSED', description: 'Erase in Display' },
-    K:    { label: 'EL',     description: 'Erase in Line' },
-    '?K': { label: 'DECSEL', description: 'Erase in Line' },
-    L:    { label: 'IL',     description: 'Insert Ps Line(s)' },
-    M:    { label: 'DL',     description: 'Delete Ps Line(s)' },
-    P:    { label: 'DCH',    description: 'Delete Ps Character(s)' }
+    A:     { label: 'CUU ↑',    description: 'Cursor Up Ps Times' },
+    B:     { label: 'CUD ↓',    description: 'Cursor Down Ps Times' },
+    C:     { label: 'CUF →',    description: 'Cursor Forward Ps Times' },
+    D:     { label: 'CUB ←',    description: 'Cursor Backward Ps Times' },
+    E:     { label: 'CNL',      description: 'Cursor Next Line Ps Times' },
+    F:     { label: 'CPL',      description: 'Cursor Preceding Line Ps Times' },
+    G:     { label: 'CHA',      description: 'Cursor Character Absolute' },
+    H:     { label: 'CUP',      description: 'Cursor Position [row;column]', paramCount: 2 },
+    I:     { label: 'CHT',      description: 'Cursor Forward Tabulation Ps tab stops' },
+    J:     { label: 'ED',       description: 'Erase in Display' },
+    '?|J': { label: 'DECSED',   description: 'Erase in Display' },
+    K:     { label: 'EL',       description: 'Erase in Line' },
+    '?|K': { label: 'DECSEL',   description: 'Erase in Line' },
+    L:     { label: 'IL',       description: 'Insert Ps Line(s)' },
+    M:     { label: 'DL',       description: 'Delete Ps Line(s)' },
+    P:     { label: 'DCH',      description: 'Delete Ps Character(s)' },
+    ' q':  { label: 'DECSCUSR', description: 'Set Cursor Style', paramCount: 1 }
   };
   for (const s of Object.keys(buttonSpecs)) {
     const spec = buttonSpecs[s];
@@ -1301,6 +1327,20 @@ function addVtButtons(): void {
   document.querySelector('#vt-container').appendChild(vtFragment);
 }
 
+function ligaturesTest(): void {
+  term.write([
+    '',
+    '-<< -< -<- <-- <--- <<- <- -> ->> --> ---> ->- >- >>-',
+    '=<< =< =<= <== <=== <<= <= => =>> ==> ===> =>= >= >>=',
+    '<-> <--> <---> <----> <=> <==> <===> <====> :: ::: __',
+    '<~~ </ </> /> ~~> == != /= ~= <> === !== !=== =/= =!=',
+    '<: := *= *+ <* <*> *> <| <|> |> <. <.> .> +* =* =: :>',
+    '(* *) /* */ [| |] {| |} ++ +++ \/ /\ |- -| <!-- <!---',
+    '==== ===== ====== ======= ======== =========',
+    '---- ----- ------ ------- -------- ---------'
+  ].join('\r\n'));
+}
+
 function testWeblinks(): void {
   const linkExamples = `
 aaa http://example.com aaa http://example.com aaa
diff --git a/demo/index.html b/demo/index.html
index 06451847..96361a88 100644
--- a/demo/index.html
+++ b/demo/index.html
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
           <div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 16px;">
             <dl>
               <dt>Lifecycle</dt>
+              <dd><label for="use-real-terminal"><input type="checkbox" checked id="use-real-terminal" title="This is used to real vs fake terminals" />Use real terminal</label></dd>
               <dd><button id="dispose" title="This is used to testing memory leaks">Dispose terminal</button></dd>
               <dd><button id="create-new-window" title="This is used to test rendering in other windows">Create terminal in new window</button></dd>
 
@@ -105,6 +106,9 @@
               <dd><button id="add-overview-ruler" title="Add an overview ruler to the terminal">Add Overview Ruler</button></dd>
               <dd><button id="decoration-stress-test" title="Toggle between adding and removing a decoration to each line">Stress Test</button></dd>
 
+              <dt>Ligatures Addon</dt>
+              <dd><button id="ligatures-test" title="Write common ligatures sequences">Common ligatures</button></dd>
+
               <dt>Weblinks Addon</dt>
               <dd><button id="weblinks-test" title="Various url conditions from demo data, hover&click to test">Test URLs</button></dd>
 
diff --git a/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts b/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts
index 2e15b5f3..110973b8 100644
--- a/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts
+++ b/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ export class CoreBrowserTerminal extends CoreTerminal implements ITerminal {
     }
 
     // If the terminal is already opened
-    if (this.element?.ownerDocument.defaultView && this._coreBrowserService) {
+    if (this.element?.ownerDocument.defaultView && this._coreBrowserService && this.element?.isConnected) {
       // Adjust the window if needed
       if (this.element.ownerDocument.defaultView !== this._coreBrowserService.window) {
         this._coreBrowserService.window = this.element.ownerDocument.defaultView;
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ export class CoreBrowserTerminal extends CoreTerminal implements ITerminal {
     this.screenElement.appendChild(this._helperContainer);
     fragment.appendChild(this.screenElement);
 
-    this.textarea = this._document.createElement('textarea');
+    const textarea = this.textarea = this._document.createElement('textarea');
     this.textarea.classList.add('xterm-helper-textarea');
     this.textarea.setAttribute('aria-label', Strings.promptLabel.get());
     if (!Browser.isChromeOS) {
@@ -449,6 +449,8 @@ export class CoreBrowserTerminal extends CoreTerminal implements ITerminal {
     this.textarea.setAttribute('autocapitalize', 'off');
     this.textarea.setAttribute('spellcheck', 'false');
     this.textarea.tabIndex = 0;
+    this._register(this.optionsService.onSpecificOptionChange('disableStdin', () => textarea.readOnly = this.optionsService.rawOptions.disableStdin));
+    this.textarea.readOnly = this.optionsService.rawOptions.disableStdin;
 
     // Register the core browser service before the generic textarea handlers are registered so it
     // handles them first. Otherwise the renderers may use the wrong focus state.
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
index f6fda22e..1c271797 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { ICharSizeService, ICoreBrowserService, IThemeService } from 'browser/se
 import { ILinkifier2, ILinkifierEvent, ITerminal, ReadonlyColorSet } from 'browser/Types';
 import { color } from 'common/Color';
 import { Disposable, toDisposable } from 'vs/base/common/lifecycle';
-import { IBufferService, IInstantiationService, IOptionsService } from 'common/services/Services';
+import { IBufferService, ICoreService, IInstantiationService, IOptionsService } from 'common/services/Services';
 import { Emitter } from 'vs/base/common/event';
 
 
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     @ICharSizeService private readonly _charSizeService: ICharSizeService,
     @IOptionsService private readonly _optionsService: IOptionsService,
     @IBufferService private readonly _bufferService: IBufferService,
+    @ICoreService private readonly _coreService: ICoreService,
     @ICoreBrowserService private readonly _coreBrowserService: ICoreBrowserService,
     @IThemeService private readonly _themeService: IThemeService
   ) {
@@ -161,6 +162,10 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     // Base CSS
     let styles =
       `${this._terminalSelector} .${ROW_CONTAINER_CLASS} {` +
+      // Disabling pointer events circumvents a browser behavior that prevents `click` events from
+      // being delivered if the target element is replaced during the click. This happened due to
+      // refresh() being called during the mousedown handler to start a selection.
+      ` pointer-events: none;` +
       ` color: ${colors.foreground.css};` +
       ` font-family: ${this._optionsService.rawOptions.fontFamily};` +
       ` font-size: ${this._optionsService.rawOptions.fontSize}px;` +
@@ -437,8 +442,8 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     const buffer = this._bufferService.buffer;
     const cursorAbsoluteY = buffer.ybase + buffer.y;
     const cursorX = Math.min(buffer.x, this._bufferService.cols - 1);
-    const cursorBlink = this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorBlink;
-    const cursorStyle = this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorStyle;
+    const cursorBlink = this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink ?? this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorBlink;
+    const cursorStyle = this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle ?? this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorStyle;
     const cursorInactiveStyle = this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorInactiveStyle;
 
     for (let y = start; y <= end; y++) {
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
index d71edeb9..96d3f171 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
     let charElement: HTMLSpanElement | undefined;
     let cellAmount = 0;
     let text = '';
+    let i = 0;
     let oldBg = 0;
     let oldFg = 0;
     let oldExt = 0;
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
     let oldSpacing = 0;
     let oldIsInSelection: boolean = false;
     let spacing = 0;
+    let skipJoinedCheckUntilX = 0;
     const classes: string[] = [];
 
     const hasHover = linkStart !== -1 && linkEnd !== -1;
@@ -106,29 +108,46 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
 
       // If true, indicates that the current character(s) to draw were joined.
       let isJoined = false;
+
+      // Indicates whether this cell is part of a joined range that should be ignored as it cannot
+      // be rendered entirely, like the selection state differs across the range.
+      let isValidJoinRange = (x >= skipJoinedCheckUntilX);
+
       let lastCharX = x;
 
       // Process any joined character ranges as needed. Because of how the
       // ranges are produced, we know that they are valid for the characters
       // and attributes of our input.
       let cell = this._workCell;
-      if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0]) {
-        isJoined = true;
+      if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0] && isValidJoinRange) {
         const range = joinedRanges.shift()!;
+        // If the ligature's selection state is not consistent, don't join it. This helps the
+        // selection render correctly regardless whether they should be joined.
+        const firstSelectionState = this._isCellInSelection(range[0], row);
+        for (i = range[0] + 1; i < range[1]; i++) {
+          isValidJoinRange &&= (firstSelectionState === this._isCellInSelection(i, row));
+        }
+        // Similarly, if the cursor is in the ligature, don't join it.
+        isValidJoinRange &&= !isCursorRow || cursorX < range[0] || cursorX >= range[1];
+        if (!isValidJoinRange) {
+          skipJoinedCheckUntilX = range[1];
+        } else {
+          isJoined = true;
 
-        // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
-        // so we get the string and width representing it directly
-        cell = new JoinedCellData(
-          this._workCell,
-          lineData.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
-          range[1] - range[0]
-        );
+          // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
+          // so we get the string and width representing it directly
+          cell = new JoinedCellData(
+            this._workCell,
+            lineData.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
+            range[1] - range[0]
+          );
 
-        // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
-        lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
+          // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
+          lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
 
-        // Recalculate width
-        width = cell.getWidth();
+          // Recalculate width
+          width = cell.getWidth();
+        }
       }
 
       const isInSelection = this._isCellInSelection(x, row);
@@ -178,6 +197,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
           && !isCursorCell
           && !isJoined
           && !isDecorated
+          && isValidJoinRange
         ) {
           // no span alterations, thus only account chars skipping all code below
           if (cell.isInvisible()) {
@@ -435,7 +455,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
       }
 
       // exclude conditions for cell merging - never merge these
-      if (!isCursorCell && !isJoined && !isDecorated) {
+      if (!isCursorCell && !isJoined && !isDecorated && isValidJoinRange) {
         cellAmount++;
       } else {
         charElement.textContent = text;
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts
index 0a871483..33e58078 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts
@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ export function acquireTextureAtlas(
   deviceCellHeight: number,
   deviceCharWidth: number,
   deviceCharHeight: number,
-  devicePixelRatio: number
+  devicePixelRatio: number,
+  deviceMaxTextureSize: number
 ): ITextureAtlas {
-  const newConfig = generateConfig(deviceCellWidth, deviceCellHeight, deviceCharWidth, deviceCharHeight, options, colors, devicePixelRatio);
+  const newConfig = generateConfig(deviceCellWidth, deviceCellHeight, deviceCharWidth, deviceCharHeight, options, colors, devicePixelRatio, deviceMaxTextureSize);
 
   // Check to see if the terminal already owns this config
   for (let i = 0; i < charAtlasCache.length; i++) {
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts
index fb3fae88..db601383 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { ITerminalOptions } from '@xterm/xterm';
 import { IColorSet, ReadonlyColorSet } from 'browser/Types';
 import { NULL_COLOR } from 'common/Color';
 
-export function generateConfig(deviceCellWidth: number, deviceCellHeight: number, deviceCharWidth: number, deviceCharHeight: number, options: Required<ITerminalOptions>, colors: ReadonlyColorSet, devicePixelRatio: number): ICharAtlasConfig {
+export function generateConfig(deviceCellWidth: number, deviceCellHeight: number, deviceCharWidth: number, deviceCharHeight: number, options: Required<ITerminalOptions>, colors: ReadonlyColorSet, devicePixelRatio: number, deviceMaxTextureSize: number): ICharAtlasConfig {
   // null out some fields that don't matter
   const clonedColors: IColorSet = {
     foreground: colors.foreground,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export function generateConfig(deviceCellWidth: number, deviceCellHeight: number
   return {
     customGlyphs: options.customGlyphs,
     devicePixelRatio,
+    deviceMaxTextureSize,
     letterSpacing: options.letterSpacing,
     lineHeight: options.lineHeight,
     deviceCellWidth: deviceCellWidth,
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts
index a86cd459..7343d890 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
 
   // The set of atlas pages that can be written to
   private _activePages: AtlasPage[] = [];
+  private _overflowSizePage: AtlasPage | undefined;
 
   private _tmpCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
   // A temporary context that glyphs are drawn to before being transfered to the atlas.
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
   }
 
   public dispose(): void {
+    this._tmpCanvas.remove();
     for (const page of this.pages) {
       page.canvas.remove();
     }
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
     for (let i = 33; i < 126; i++) {
       queue.enqueue(() => {
         if (!this._cacheMap.get(i, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_EXT)) {
-          const rasterizedGlyph = this._drawToCache(i, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_EXT);
+          const rasterizedGlyph = this._drawToCache(i, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_EXT, false, undefined);
           this._cacheMap.set(i, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_COLOR, DEFAULT_EXT, rasterizedGlyph);
         }
       });
@@ -241,12 +243,12 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
     }
   }
 
-  public getRasterizedGlyphCombinedChar(chars: string, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean): IRasterizedGlyph {
-    return this._getFromCacheMap(this._cacheMapCombined, chars, bg, fg, ext, restrictToCellHeight);
+  public getRasterizedGlyphCombinedChar(chars: string, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean, domContainer: HTMLElement | undefined): IRasterizedGlyph {
+    return this._getFromCacheMap(this._cacheMapCombined, chars, bg, fg, ext, restrictToCellHeight, domContainer);
   }
 
-  public getRasterizedGlyph(code: number, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean): IRasterizedGlyph {
-    return this._getFromCacheMap(this._cacheMap, code, bg, fg, ext, restrictToCellHeight);
+  public getRasterizedGlyph(code: number, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean, domContainer: HTMLElement | undefined): IRasterizedGlyph {
+    return this._getFromCacheMap(this._cacheMap, code, bg, fg, ext, restrictToCellHeight, domContainer);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -258,11 +260,12 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
     bg: number,
     fg: number,
     ext: number,
-    restrictToCellHeight: boolean = false
+    restrictToCellHeight: boolean,
+    domContainer: HTMLElement | undefined
   ): IRasterizedGlyph {
     $glyph = cacheMap.get(key, bg, fg, ext);
     if (!$glyph) {
-      $glyph = this._drawToCache(key, bg, fg, ext, restrictToCellHeight);
+      $glyph = this._drawToCache(key, bg, fg, ext, restrictToCellHeight, domContainer);
       cacheMap.set(key, bg, fg, ext, $glyph);
     }
     return $glyph;
@@ -422,16 +425,24 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
     return this._config.colors.contrastCache;
   }
 
-  private _drawToCache(codeOrChars: number | string, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean = false): IRasterizedGlyph {
+  private _drawToCache(codeOrChars: number | string, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean, domContainer: HTMLElement | undefined): IRasterizedGlyph {
     const chars = typeof codeOrChars === 'number' ? String.fromCharCode(codeOrChars) : codeOrChars;
 
     // Uncomment for debugging
     // console.log(`draw to cache "${chars}"`, bg, fg, ext);
 
+    // Attach the canvas to the DOM in order to inherit font-feature-settings
+    // from the parent elements. This is necessary for ligatures and variants to
+    // work.
+    if (domContainer && this._tmpCanvas.parentElement !== domContainer) {
+      this._tmpCanvas.style.display = 'none';
+      domContainer.append(this._tmpCanvas);
+    }
+
     // Allow 1 cell width per character, with a minimum of 2 (CJK), plus some padding. This is used
     // to draw the glyph to the canvas as well as to restrict the bounding box search to ensure
     // giant ligatures (eg. =====>) don't impact overall performance.
-    const allowedWidth = Math.min(this._config.deviceCellWidth * Math.max(chars.length, 2) + TMP_CANVAS_GLYPH_PADDING * 2, this._textureSize);
+    const allowedWidth = Math.min(this._config.deviceCellWidth * Math.max(chars.length, 2) + TMP_CANVAS_GLYPH_PADDING * 2, this._config.deviceMaxTextureSize);
     if (this._tmpCanvas.width < allowedWidth) {
       this._tmpCanvas.width = allowedWidth;
     }
@@ -772,6 +783,27 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
         }
       }
 
+      // Create a new page for oversized glyphs as they come up
+      if (rasterizedGlyph.size.x > this._textureSize) {
+        if (!this._overflowSizePage) {
+          this._overflowSizePage = new AtlasPage(this._document, this._config.deviceMaxTextureSize);
+          this.pages.push(this._overflowSizePage);
+
+          // Request the model to be cleared to refresh all texture pages.
+          this._requestClearModel = true;
+          this._onAddTextureAtlasCanvas.fire(this._overflowSizePage.canvas);
+        }
+        activePage = this._overflowSizePage;
+        activeRow = this._overflowSizePage.currentRow;
+        // Move to next row if necessary
+        if (activeRow.x + rasterizedGlyph.size.x >= activePage.canvas.width) {
+          activeRow.x = 0;
+          activeRow.y += activeRow.height;
+          activeRow.height = 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
       // Create a new page if too much vertical space would be wasted or there is not enough room
       // left in the page. The previous active row will become fixed in the process as it now has a
       // fixed height
@@ -782,6 +814,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
         if (activePage.currentRow.y + activePage.currentRow.height + rasterizedGlyph.size.y >= activePage.canvas.height) {
           // Find the first page with room to create the new row on
           let candidatePage: AtlasPage | undefined;
+
           for (const p of this._activePages) {
             if (p.currentRow.y + p.currentRow.height + rasterizedGlyph.size.y < p.canvas.height) {
               candidatePage = p;
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts
index 3b3c7659..6b4881cb 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { Event } from 'vs/base/common/event';
 export interface ICharAtlasConfig {
   customGlyphs: boolean;
   devicePixelRatio: number;
+  deviceMaxTextureSize: number;
   letterSpacing: number;
   lineHeight: number;
   fontSize: number;
@@ -107,8 +108,8 @@ export interface ITextureAtlas extends IDisposable {
    * Clear all glyphs from the texture atlas.
    */
   clearTexture(): void;
-  getRasterizedGlyph(code: number, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean): IRasterizedGlyph;
-  getRasterizedGlyphCombinedChar(chars: string, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean): IRasterizedGlyph;
+  getRasterizedGlyph(code: number, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean, domContainer: HTMLElement | undefined): IRasterizedGlyph;
+  getRasterizedGlyphCombinedChar(chars: string, bg: number, fg: number, ext: number, restrictToCellHeight: boolean, domContainer: HTMLElement | undefined): IRasterizedGlyph;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts b/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts
index 88ffd99d..cd85e0ff 100644
--- a/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts
+++ b/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ export class ThemeService extends Disposable implements IThemeService {
     const colors = this._colors;
     colors.foreground = parseColor(theme.foreground, DEFAULT_FOREGROUND);
     colors.background = parseColor(theme.background, DEFAULT_BACKGROUND);
-    colors.cursor = parseColor(theme.cursor, DEFAULT_CURSOR);
-    colors.cursorAccent = parseColor(theme.cursorAccent, DEFAULT_CURSOR_ACCENT);
+    colors.cursor = color.blend(colors.background, parseColor(theme.cursor, DEFAULT_CURSOR));
+    colors.cursorAccent = color.blend(colors.background, parseColor(theme.cursorAccent, DEFAULT_CURSOR_ACCENT));
     colors.selectionBackgroundTransparent = parseColor(theme.selectionBackground, DEFAULT_SELECTION);
     colors.selectionBackgroundOpaque = color.blend(colors.background, colors.selectionBackgroundTransparent);
     colors.selectionInactiveBackgroundTransparent = parseColor(theme.selectionInactiveBackground, colors.selectionBackgroundTransparent);
diff --git a/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts b/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts
index baae735c..1280417b 100644
--- a/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts
+++ b/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts
@@ -202,38 +202,38 @@ describe('InputHandler', () => {
   describe('setCursorStyle', () => {
     it('should call Terminal.setOption with correct params', () => {
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([0]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'block');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, undefined);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, undefined);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([1]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'block');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'block');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, true);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([2]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'block');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], false);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'block');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, false);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([3]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'underline');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'underline');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, true);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([4]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'underline');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], false);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'underline');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, false);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([5]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'bar');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'bar');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, true);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([6]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'bar');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], false);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'bar');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, false);
     });
   });
   describe('setMode', () => {
diff --git a/src/common/InputHandler.ts b/src/common/InputHandler.ts
index b94d7855..8308e6de 100644
--- a/src/common/InputHandler.ts
+++ b/src/common/InputHandler.ts
@@ -2714,7 +2714,7 @@ export class InputHandler extends Disposable implements IInputHandler {
 
   /**
    * CSI Ps SP q  Set cursor style (DECSCUSR, VT520).
-   *   Ps = 0  -> blinking block.
+   *   Ps = 0  -> reset to option.
    *   Ps = 1  -> blinking block (default).
    *   Ps = 2  -> steady block.
    *   Ps = 3  -> blinking underline.
@@ -2724,31 +2724,37 @@ export class InputHandler extends Disposable implements IInputHandler {
    *
    * @vt: #Y CSI DECSCUSR  "Set Cursor Style"  "CSI Ps SP q"   "Set cursor style."
    * Supported cursor styles:
-   *  - empty, 0 or 1: steady block
-   *  - 2: blink block
-   *  - 3: steady underline
-   *  - 4: blink underline
-   *  - 5: steady bar
-   *  - 6: blink bar
+   *  - 0: reset to option
+   *  - empty, 1: blinking block
+   *  - 2: steady block
+   *  - 3: blinking underline
+   *  - 4: steady underline
+   *  - 5: blinking bar
+   *  - 6: steady bar
    */
   public setCursorStyle(params: IParams): boolean {
-    const param = params.params[0] || 1;
-    switch (param) {
-      case 1:
-      case 2:
-        this._optionsService.options.cursorStyle = 'block';
-        break;
-      case 3:
-      case 4:
-        this._optionsService.options.cursorStyle = 'underline';
-        break;
-      case 5:
-      case 6:
-        this._optionsService.options.cursorStyle = 'bar';
-        break;
+    const param = params.length === 0 ? 1 : params.params[0];
+    if (param === 0) {
+      this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = undefined;
+      this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink = undefined;
+    } else {
+      switch (param) {
+        case 1:
+        case 2:
+          this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = 'block';
+          break;
+        case 3:
+        case 4:
+          this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = 'underline';
+          break;
+        case 5:
+        case 6:
+          this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = 'bar';
+          break;
+      }
+      const isBlinking = param % 2 === 1;
+      this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink = isBlinking;
     }
-    const isBlinking = param % 2 === 1;
-    this._optionsService.options.cursorBlink = isBlinking;
     return true;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts b/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts
index 8c9634db..127e1f24 100644
--- a/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts
+++ b/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ export class MockCoreService implements ICoreService {
     applicationCursorKeys: false,
     applicationKeypad: false,
     bracketedPasteMode: false,
+    cursorBlink: undefined,
+    cursorStyle: undefined,
     origin: false,
     reverseWraparound: false,
     sendFocus: false,
diff --git a/src/common/Types.ts b/src/common/Types.ts
index 289aa1f6..c254d330 100644
--- a/src/common/Types.ts
+++ b/src/common/Types.ts
@@ -268,6 +268,8 @@ export interface IDecPrivateModes {
   applicationCursorKeys: boolean;
   applicationKeypad: boolean;
   bracketedPasteMode: boolean;
+  cursorBlink: boolean | undefined;
+  cursorStyle: CursorStyle | undefined;
   origin: boolean;
   reverseWraparound: boolean;
   sendFocus: boolean;
diff --git a/src/common/buffer/Buffer.ts b/src/common/buffer/Buffer.ts
index d5e05731..81ab156b 100644
--- a/src/common/buffer/Buffer.ts
+++ b/src/common/buffer/Buffer.ts
@@ -315,7 +315,8 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
   }
 
   private _reflowLarger(newCols: number, newRows: number): void {
-    const toRemove: number[] = reflowLargerGetLinesToRemove(this.lines, this._cols, newCols, this.ybase + this.y, this.getNullCell(DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA));
+    const reflowCursorLine = this._optionsService.rawOptions.reflowCursorLine;
+    const toRemove: number[] = reflowLargerGetLinesToRemove(this.lines, this._cols, newCols, this.ybase + this.y, this.getNullCell(DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA), reflowCursorLine);
     if (toRemove.length > 0) {
       const newLayoutResult = reflowLargerCreateNewLayout(this.lines, toRemove);
       reflowLargerApplyNewLayout(this.lines, newLayoutResult.layout);
@@ -347,6 +348,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
   }
 
   private _reflowSmaller(newCols: number, newRows: number): void {
+    const reflowCursorLine = this._optionsService.rawOptions.reflowCursorLine;
     const nullCell = this.getNullCell(DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA);
     // Gather all BufferLines that need to be inserted into the Buffer here so that they can be
     // batched up and only committed once
@@ -367,11 +369,13 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
         wrappedLines.unshift(nextLine);
       }
 
-      // If these lines contain the cursor don't touch them, the program will handle fixing up
-      // wrapped lines with the cursor
-      const absoluteY = this.ybase + this.y;
-      if (absoluteY >= y && absoluteY < y + wrappedLines.length) {
-        continue;
+      if (!reflowCursorLine) {
+        // If these lines contain the cursor don't touch them, the program will handle fixing up
+        // wrapped lines with the cursor
+        const absoluteY = this.ybase + this.y;
+        if (absoluteY >= y && absoluteY < y + wrappedLines.length) {
+          continue;
+        }
       }
 
       const lastLineLength = wrappedLines[wrappedLines.length - 1].getTrimmedLength();
diff --git a/src/common/buffer/BufferReflow.ts b/src/common/buffer/BufferReflow.ts
index af1c6473..44aa0976 100644
--- a/src/common/buffer/BufferReflow.ts
+++ b/src/common/buffer/BufferReflow.ts
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ export interface INewLayoutResult {
  * @param newCols The columns after resize.
  * @param bufferAbsoluteY The absolute y position of the cursor (baseY + cursorY).
  * @param nullCell The cell data to use when filling in empty cells.
+ * @param reflowCursorLine Whether to reflow the line containing the cursor.
  */
-export function reflowLargerGetLinesToRemove(lines: CircularList<IBufferLine>, oldCols: number, newCols: number, bufferAbsoluteY: number, nullCell: ICellData): number[] {
+export function reflowLargerGetLinesToRemove(lines: CircularList<IBufferLine>, oldCols: number, newCols: number, bufferAbsoluteY: number, nullCell: ICellData, reflowCursorLine: boolean): number[] {
   // Gather all BufferLines that need to be removed from the Buffer here so that they can be
   // batched up and only committed once
   const toRemove: number[] = [];
@@ -41,11 +42,13 @@ export function reflowLargerGetLinesToRemove(lines: CircularList<IBufferLine>, o
       nextLine = lines.get(++i) as BufferLine;
     }
 
-    // If these lines contain the cursor don't touch them, the program will handle fixing up wrapped
-    // lines with the cursor
-    if (bufferAbsoluteY >= y && bufferAbsoluteY < i) {
-      y += wrappedLines.length - 1;
-      continue;
+    if (!reflowCursorLine) {
+      // If these lines contain the cursor don't touch them, the program will handle fixing up
+      // wrapped lines with the cursor
+      if (bufferAbsoluteY >= y && bufferAbsoluteY < i) {
+        y += wrappedLines.length - 1;
+        continue;
+      }
     }
 
     // Copy buffer data to new locations
diff --git a/src/common/services/CoreService.ts b/src/common/services/CoreService.ts
index 9c41fc1a..5bee6356 100644
--- a/src/common/services/CoreService.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/CoreService.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ const DEFAULT_DEC_PRIVATE_MODES: IDecPrivateModes = Object.freeze({
   applicationCursorKeys: false,
   applicationKeypad: false,
   bracketedPasteMode: false,
+  cursorBlink: undefined,
+  cursorStyle: undefined,
   origin: false,
   reverseWraparound: false,
   sendFocus: false,
diff --git a/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts b/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts
index 375e442d..7e769548 100644
--- a/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export class InstantiationService implements IInstantiationService {
     for (const dependency of serviceDependencies) {
       const service = this._services.get(dependency.id);
       if (!service) {
-        throw new Error(`[createInstance] ${ctor.name} depends on UNKNOWN service ${dependency.id}.`);
+        throw new Error(`[createInstance] ${ctor.name} depends on UNKNOWN service ${dependency.id._id}.`);
       }
       serviceArgs.push(service);
     }
diff --git a/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts b/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts
index a757c179..86d9ca71 100644
--- a/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Readonly<Required<ITerminalOptions>> = {
   documentOverride: null,
   fastScrollModifier: 'alt',
   fastScrollSensitivity: 5,
-  fontFamily: 'courier-new, courier, monospace',
+  fontFamily: 'monospace',
   fontSize: 15,
   fontWeight: 'normal',
   fontWeightBold: 'bold',
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Readonly<Required<ITerminalOptions>> = {
   allowTransparency: false,
   tabStopWidth: 8,
   theme: {},
+  reflowCursorLine: false,
   rescaleOverlappingGlyphs: false,
   rightClickSelectsWord: isMac,
   windowOptions: {},
diff --git a/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts b/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts
index 6510fb8e..7d887bc6 100644
--- a/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export function createDecorator<T>(id: string): IServiceIdentifier<T> {
     storeServiceDependency(decorator, target, index);
   };
 
-  decorator.toString = () => id;
+  decorator._id = id;
 
   serviceRegistry.set(id, decorator);
   return decorator;
diff --git a/src/common/services/Services.ts b/src/common/services/Services.ts
index 0ceff36c..be1dec06 100644
--- a/src/common/services/Services.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/Services.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ export interface ICharsetService {
 export interface IServiceIdentifier<T> {
   (...args: any[]): void;
   type: T;
+  _id: string;
 }
 
 export interface IBrandedService {
@@ -237,6 +238,7 @@ export interface ITerminalOptions {
   macOptionIsMeta?: boolean;
   macOptionClickForcesSelection?: boolean;
   minimumContrastRatio?: number;
+  reflowCursorLine?: boolean;
   rescaleOverlappingGlyphs?: boolean;
   rightClickSelectsWord?: boolean;
   rows?: number;
diff --git a/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts b/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts
index 4a1798ce..1d37b5c1 100644
--- a/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts
+++ b/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts
@@ -1248,6 +1248,24 @@ export function injectSharedRendererTests(ctx: ISharedRendererTestContext): void
       await ctx.value.proxy.scrollLines(-2);
       await pollFor(ctx.value.page, () => getCellColor(ctx.value, 1, 1), [0, 0, 0, 255]);
     });
+    test('#5241 cursor with alpha should blend color with background color', async () => {
+      const theme: ITheme = {
+        cursor: '#FF000080'
+      };
+      await ctx.value.page.evaluate(`window.term.options.theme = ${JSON.stringify(theme)};`);
+      await ctx.value.proxy.focus();
+      await pollFor(ctx.value.page, () => getCellColor(ctx.value, 1, 1), [128, 0, 0, 255]);
+    });
+    test('#5241 cursorAccent with alpha should blend color with background color', async () => {
+      const theme: ITheme = {
+        cursorAccent: '#FF000080'
+      };
+      await ctx.value.page.evaluate(`window.term.options.theme = ${JSON.stringify(theme)};`);
+      await ctx.value.proxy.focus();
+      await ctx.value.proxy.write('■');
+      await ctx.value.proxy.write('\x1b[1D');
+      await pollFor(ctx.value.page, () => getCellColor(ctx.value, 1, 1), [128, 0, 0, 255]);
+    });
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/typings/xterm-headless.d.ts b/typings/xterm-headless.d.ts
index 3cbde44b..1085db9b 100644
--- a/typings/xterm-headless.d.ts
+++ b/typings/xterm-headless.d.ts
@@ -142,6 +142,13 @@ declare module '@xterm/headless' {
      */
     minimumContrastRatio?: number;
 
+    /**
+     * Whether to reflow the line containing the cursor when the terminal is
+     * resized. Defaults to false, because shells usually handle this
+     * themselves.
+     */
+    reflowCursorLine?: boolean;
+
     /**
      * Whether to rescale glyphs horizontally that are a single cell wide but
      * have glyphs that would overlap following cell(s). This typically happens
diff --git a/typings/xterm.d.ts b/typings/xterm.d.ts
index f9cf14f9..15a03327 100644
--- a/typings/xterm.d.ts
+++ b/typings/xterm.d.ts
@@ -213,6 +213,13 @@ declare module '@xterm/xterm' {
      */
     minimumContrastRatio?: number;
 
+    /**
+     * Whether to reflow the line containing the cursor when the terminal is
+     * resized. Defaults to false, because shells usually handle this
+     * themselves.
+     */
+    reflowCursorLine?: boolean;
+
     /**
      * Whether to rescale glyphs horizontally that are a single cell wide but
      * have glyphs that would overlap following cell(s). This typically happens