From 038ad04ca94d494220cc696066bd623181adb550 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvestre Ledru <sylvestre@debian.org>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 21:29:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] github/action: add jobs to verify that l10n works

---
 .github/workflows/l10n.yml | 954 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 954 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/l10n.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/l10n.yml b/.github/workflows/l10n.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..878630372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/l10n.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
+name: L10n (Localization)
+
+# spell-checker: disable
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - '*'
+
+env:
+  # * style job configuration
+  STYLE_FAIL_ON_FAULT: true ## (bool) fail the build if a style job contains a fault (error or warning); may be overridden on a per-job basis
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+
+# End the current execution if there is a new changeset in the PR.
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
+
+jobs:
+
+  l10n_build_test:
+    name: L10n/Build and Test
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
+    env:
+      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
+      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        job:
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: "feat_os_unix" }
+          - { os: macos-latest   , features: "feat_os_macos" }
+          - { os: windows-latest , features: "feat_os_windows" }
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - name: Run sccache-cache
+      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.9
+    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install/setup prerequisites
+        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
+          ubuntu-*)
+            # selinux headers needed for testing
+            sudo apt-get -y update ; sudo apt-get -y install libselinux1-dev
+          ;;
+          macos-*)
+            # needed for testing
+            brew install coreutils
+          ;;
+        esac
+    - name: Build with l10n
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Build with l10n
+        cargo build --features ${{ matrix.job.features }}
+    - name: Test l10n functionality
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test l10n functionality
+        cargo test -p uucore locale
+        cargo test
+      env:
+        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
+
+  l10n_fluent_syntax:
+    name: L10n/Fluent Syntax Check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Setup Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.x'
+    - name: Install Mozilla Fluent Linter
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install Mozilla Fluent Linter
+        pip install moz-fluent-linter
+    - name: Find and validate Fluent files
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Find and validate Fluent files with Mozilla Fluent Linter
+
+        # Check if any .ftl files exist
+        fluent_files=$(find . -name "*.ftl" -type f 2>/dev/null || true)
+
+        if [ -z "$fluent_files" ]; then
+          echo "::notice::No Fluent (.ftl) files found in the repository"
+          exit 0
+        fi
+
+        echo "Found Fluent files:"
+        echo "$fluent_files"
+
+        # Use Mozilla Fluent Linter for comprehensive validation
+        echo "Running Mozilla Fluent Linter..."
+
+        has_errors=false
+
+        while IFS= read -r file; do
+          echo "Checking $file with Mozilla Fluent Linter..."
+
+          # Run fluent-linter on each file
+          if ! moz-fluent-lint "$file"; then
+            echo "::error file=$file::Fluent syntax errors found in $file"
+            has_errors=true
+          else
+            echo "✓ Fluent syntax check passed for $file"
+          fi
+
+        done <<< "$fluent_files"
+
+        if [ "$has_errors" = true ]; then
+          echo "::error::Fluent linting failed - please fix syntax errors"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        echo "::notice::All Fluent files passed Mozilla Fluent Linter validation"
+
+  l10n_french_integration:
+    name: L10n/French Integration Test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
+      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - name: Run sccache-cache
+      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.9
+    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install/setup prerequisites
+        sudo apt-get -y update ; sudo apt-get -y install libselinux1-dev locales
+    - name: Generate French locale
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Generate French locale for testing
+        sudo locale-gen --keep-existing fr_FR.UTF-8
+        locale -a | grep -i fr || echo "French locale not found, continuing anyway"
+    - name: Build coreutils with l10n support
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Build coreutils with Unix features and l10n support
+        cargo build --features feat_os_unix --bin coreutils
+    - name: Test French localization
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test French localization with various commands
+        export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+        export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
+
+        echo "Testing touch --help with French locale..."
+        help_output=$(cargo run --features feat_os_unix --bin coreutils -- touch --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+        echo "Help output: $help_output"
+
+        # Check for specific French strings from touch fr-FR.ftl
+        french_strings_found=0
+        if echo "$help_output" | grep -q "Mettre à jour les temps d'accès"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French description: 'Mettre à jour les temps d'accès'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+        if echo "$help_output" | grep -q "changer seulement le temps d'accès"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French help text: 'changer seulement le temps d'accès'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+        if echo "$help_output" | grep -q "FICHIER"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French usage pattern: 'FICHIER'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        echo "Testing ls --help with French locale..."
+        ls_help=$(cargo run --features feat_os_unix --bin coreutils -- ls --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+        echo "ls help output: $ls_help"
+
+        # Check for specific French strings from ls fr-FR.ftl
+        if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Lister le contenu des répertoires"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French ls description: 'Lister le contenu des répertoires'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+        if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Afficher les informations d'aide"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French ls help text: 'Afficher les informations d'aide'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        echo "Testing base64 --help with French locale..."
+        base64_help=$(cargo run --features feat_os_unix --bin coreutils -- base64 --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+        echo "base64 help output: $base64_help"
+
+        # Check for specific French strings from base64 fr-FR.ftl
+        if echo "$base64_help" | grep -q "encoder/décoder les données"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French base64 description: 'encoder/décoder les données'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        echo "Testing with error messages..."
+        error_output=$(cargo run --features feat_os_unix --bin coreutils -- ls /nonexistent 2>&1 || echo "Expected error occurred")
+        echo "Error output: $error_output"
+
+        # Check for French error messages from ls fr-FR.ftl
+        if echo "$error_output" | grep -q "impossible d'accéder à"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French error message: 'impossible d'accéder à'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+        if echo "$error_output" | grep -q "Aucun fichier ou répertoire de ce type"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French error text: 'Aucun fichier ou répertoire de ce type'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        # Test that the binary works and doesn't crash with French locale
+        version_output=$(cargo run --features feat_os_unix --bin coreutils -- --version 2>&1 || echo "Version command failed")
+        echo "Version output: $version_output"
+
+        # Final validation - ensure we found at least some French strings
+        echo "French strings found: $french_strings_found"
+        if [ "$french_strings_found" -gt 0 ]; then
+          echo "✓ SUCCESS: French locale integration test passed - found $french_strings_found French strings"
+        else
+          echo "✗ ERROR: No French strings were detected, but commands executed successfully"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+      env:
+        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
+
+  l10n_multicall_binary_install:
+    name: L10n/Multi-call Binary Install Test
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
+    env:
+      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
+      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        job:
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: "feat_os_unix" }
+          - { os: macos-latest   , features: "feat_os_macos" }
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - name: Run sccache-cache
+      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.9
+    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install/setup prerequisites
+        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
+          ubuntu-*)
+            sudo apt-get -y update ; sudo apt-get -y install libselinux1-dev build-essential
+          ;;
+          macos-*)
+            brew install coreutils make
+          ;;
+        esac
+    - name: Install via make and test multi-call binary
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install using make and test installed binaries
+        echo "Installing with make using DESTDIR..."
+
+        # Create installation directory
+        INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/install-dir"
+        mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"
+        mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin"
+
+        # Build and install using make with DESTDIR
+        echo "Building multi-call binary with MULTICALL=y"
+        echo "Current directory: $PWD"
+        echo "Installation directory will be: $INSTALL_DIR"
+
+        # First check if binary exists after build
+        echo "Checking if coreutils was built..."
+        ls -la target/release/coreutils || echo "No coreutils binary in target/release/"
+
+        make FEATURES="${{ matrix.job.features }}" PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+
+        echo "After build, checking target/release/:"
+        ls -la target/release/ | grep -E "(coreutils|^total)" || echo "Build may have failed"
+
+        echo "Running make install..."
+        echo "Before install - checking what we have:"
+        ls -la target/release/coreutils 2>/dev/null || echo "No coreutils in target/release"
+
+        # Run make install with verbose output to see what happens
+        echo "About to run: make install DESTDIR=\"$INSTALL_DIR\" PREFIX=/usr PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y"
+        echo "Expected install path: $INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils"
+
+        make install DESTDIR="$INSTALL_DIR" PREFIX=/usr PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y || {
+          echo "Make install failed! Exit code: $?"
+          echo "Let's see what happened:"
+          ls -la "$INSTALL_DIR" 2>/dev/null || echo "Install directory doesn't exist"
+          exit 1
+        }
+
+        echo "Make install completed successfully"
+
+        # Debug: Show what was installed
+        echo "=== Installation Debug ==="
+        echo "Current directory: $(pwd)"
+        echo "INSTALL_DIR: $INSTALL_DIR"
+        echo "Checking if build succeeded..."
+        if [ -f "target/release/coreutils" ]; then
+          echo "✓ Build succeeded - coreutils binary exists in target/release/"
+          ls -la target/release/coreutils
+        else
+          echo "✗ Build failed - no coreutils binary in target/release/"
+          echo "Contents of target/release/:"
+          ls -la target/release/ | head -20
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        echo "Contents of installation directory:"
+        find "$INSTALL_DIR" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -20 || echo "No files found in $INSTALL_DIR"
+
+        echo "Checking standard installation paths..."
+        ls -la "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Directory $INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/ not found"
+        ls -la "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/local/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Directory $INSTALL_DIR/usr/local/bin/ not found"
+        ls -la "$INSTALL_DIR/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Directory $INSTALL_DIR/bin/ not found"
+
+        # Find where coreutils was actually installed
+        echo "Searching for coreutils binary in installation directory..."
+        COREUTILS_BIN=$(find "$INSTALL_DIR" -name "coreutils" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+        if [ -n "$COREUTILS_BIN" ]; then
+          echo "Found coreutils at: $COREUTILS_BIN"
+          export COREUTILS_BIN
+        else
+          echo "ERROR: coreutils binary not found in installation directory!"
+          echo "Installation may have failed. Let's check the entire filesystem under install-dir:"
+          find "$INSTALL_DIR" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -50
+
+          # As a last resort, check if it's in the build directory
+          if [ -f "target/release/coreutils" ]; then
+            echo "Using binary from build directory as fallback"
+            COREUTILS_BIN="$(pwd)/target/release/coreutils"
+            export COREUTILS_BIN
+          else
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        fi
+
+        echo "Testing installed multi-call binary functionality..."
+
+        # Test calling utilities through coreutils binary
+        echo "Testing: $COREUTILS_BIN ls --version"
+        "$COREUTILS_BIN" ls --version
+
+        echo "Testing: $COREUTILS_BIN cat --version"
+        "$COREUTILS_BIN" cat --version
+
+        echo "Testing: $COREUTILS_BIN touch --version"
+        "$COREUTILS_BIN" touch --version
+
+        # Test individual binaries (if they exist)
+        LS_BIN="$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/ls"
+        if [ -f "$LS_BIN" ]; then
+          echo "Testing individual binary: $LS_BIN --version"
+          "$LS_BIN" --version
+        else
+          echo "Individual ls binary not found (multi-call only mode)"
+          # Check if symlinks exist
+          if [ -L "$LS_BIN" ]; then
+            echo "Found ls as symlink to: $(readlink -f "$LS_BIN")"
+          fi
+        fi
+
+        echo "✓ Multi-call binary installation and functionality test passed"
+
+  l10n_installation_test:
+    name: L10n/Installation Test (Make & Cargo)
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
+    env:
+      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
+      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        job:
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: "feat_os_unix" }
+          - { os: macos-latest   , features: "feat_os_macos" }
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - name: Run sccache-cache
+      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.9
+    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install/setup prerequisites
+        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
+          ubuntu-*)
+            sudo apt-get -y update ; sudo apt-get -y install libselinux1-dev build-essential locales
+            # Generate French locale for testing
+            sudo locale-gen --keep-existing fr_FR.UTF-8
+            locale -a | grep -i fr || echo "French locale generation may have failed"
+          ;;
+          macos-*)
+            brew install coreutils make
+          ;;
+        esac
+    - name: Test Make installation
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test installation via make with DESTDIR
+        echo "Testing make install with l10n features..."
+
+        # Create installation directory
+        MAKE_INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/make-install-dir"
+        mkdir -p "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR"
+
+        # Build and install using make with DESTDIR
+        make FEATURES="${{ matrix.job.features }}" PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+        make install DESTDIR="$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR" PREFIX=/usr PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+
+        # Verify installation
+        echo "Testing make-installed binaries..."
+        if [ -f "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ]; then
+          echo "✓ coreutils binary installed via make successfully"
+          "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" --version
+        else
+          echo "✗ coreutils binary not found after make install"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        # Test utilities
+        echo "Testing make-installed utilities..."
+        "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ls --version
+        "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" cat --version
+        "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" touch --version
+
+        # Test basic functionality
+        echo "test content" > test.txt
+        if "$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" cat test.txt | grep -q "test content"; then
+          echo "✓ Basic functionality works"
+        else
+          echo "✗ Basic functionality failed"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        # Test French localization with make-installed binary (Ubuntu only)
+        if [ "${{ matrix.job.os }}" = "ubuntu-latest" ]; then
+          echo "Testing French localization with make-installed binary..."
+
+          # Set French locale
+          export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+          export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
+
+          echo "Testing ls --help with French locale..."
+          ls_help=$("$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ls --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+          echo "ls help output (first 10 lines):"
+          echo "$ls_help" | head -10
+
+          # Check for specific French strings from ls fr-FR.ftl
+          french_strings_found=0
+
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Lister le contenu des répertoires"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French ls description: 'Lister le contenu des répertoires'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Afficher les informations d'aide"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French ls help text: 'Afficher les informations d'aide'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "FICHIER"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French usage pattern: 'FICHIER'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          echo "Testing cat --help with French locale..."
+          cat_help=$("$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" cat --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+          echo "cat help output (first 5 lines):"
+          echo "$cat_help" | head -5
+
+          if echo "$cat_help" | grep -q "Concaténer"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French cat description containing: 'Concaténer'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          echo "Testing error messages with French locale..."
+          error_output=$("$MAKE_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ls /nonexistent_test_directory 2>&1 || echo "Expected error occurred")
+          echo "Error output: $error_output"
+
+          if echo "$error_output" | grep -q "impossible d'accéder à"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French error message: 'impossible d'accéder à'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          # Final validation
+          echo "French strings found: $french_strings_found"
+          if [ "$french_strings_found" -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo "✓ SUCCESS: French localization test passed with make-installed binary - found $french_strings_found French strings"
+          else
+            echo "✗ ERROR: No French strings detected with make-installed binary"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "Skipping French localization test on ${{ matrix.job.os }} (no French locale available)"
+        fi
+
+        echo "✓ Make installation test passed"
+    - name: Test Cargo installation
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test installation via cargo install with DESTDIR-like approach
+        echo "Testing cargo install with l10n features..."
+
+        # Create installation directory
+        CARGO_INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/cargo-install-dir"
+        mkdir -p "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR"
+
+        # Install using cargo with l10n features
+        cargo install --path . --features ${{ matrix.job.features }} --root "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR" --locked
+
+        # Verify installation
+        echo "Testing cargo-installed binaries..."
+        if [ -f "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" ]; then
+          echo "✓ coreutils binary installed successfully"
+          "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" --version
+        else
+          echo "✗ coreutils binary not found after cargo install"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        # Test utilities
+        echo "Testing installed utilities..."
+        "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" ls --version
+        "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" cat --version
+        "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" touch --version
+
+        # Test basic functionality
+        echo "test content" > test.txt
+        if "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" cat test.txt | grep -q "test content"; then
+          echo "✓ Basic functionality works"
+        else
+          echo "✗ Basic functionality failed"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        echo "✓ Cargo installation test passed"
+    - name: Download additional locales from coreutils-l10n
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Download additional locale files from coreutils-l10n repository
+        echo "Downloading additional locale files from coreutils-l10n..."
+        git clone https://github.com/uutils/coreutils-l10n.git coreutils-l10n-repo
+
+        # Create installation directory
+        CARGO_INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/cargo-install-dir"
+
+        # Create locale directory for cargo install
+        LOCALE_DIR="$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/share/locales"
+        mkdir -p "$LOCALE_DIR"
+
+        # Debug: Check structure of l10n repo
+        echo "Checking structure of coreutils-l10n-repo:"
+        ls -la coreutils-l10n-repo/ | head -10
+        echo "Looking for locales directory:"
+        find coreutils-l10n-repo -name "*.ftl" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -10 || true
+        echo "Checking specific utilities:"
+        ls -la coreutils-l10n-repo/src/uu/ls/locales/ 2>/dev/null || echo "No ls directory in correct location"
+        find coreutils-l10n-repo -path "*/ls/*.ftl" 2>/dev/null | head -5 || echo "No ls ftl files found"
+
+        # Copy non-English locale files from l10n repo
+        for util_dir in src/uu/*/; do
+          util_name=$(basename "$util_dir")
+          l10n_util_dir="coreutils-l10n-repo/src/uu/$util_name/locales"
+
+          if [ -d "$l10n_util_dir" ]; then
+            echo "Installing locales for $util_name..."
+            mkdir -p "$LOCALE_DIR/$util_name"
+
+            for locale_file in "$l10n_util_dir"/*.ftl; do
+              if [ -f "$locale_file" ]; then
+                filename=$(basename "$locale_file")
+                # Skip English locale files (they are embedded)
+                if [ "$filename" != "en-US.ftl" ]; then
+                  cp "$locale_file" "$LOCALE_DIR/$util_name/"
+                  echo "  Installed $filename to $LOCALE_DIR/$util_name/"
+                fi
+              fi
+            done
+          else
+            # Debug: Show what's not found
+            if [ "$util_name" = "ls" ] || [ "$util_name" = "cat" ]; then
+              echo "WARNING: No l10n directory found for $util_name at $l10n_util_dir"
+            fi
+          fi
+        done
+
+        # Debug: Show what was actually installed
+        echo "Files installed in locale directory:"
+        find "$LOCALE_DIR" -name "*.ftl" 2>/dev/null | head -10 || true
+
+        # Fallback: If no files were installed from l10n repo, try copying from main repo
+        if [ -z "$(find "$LOCALE_DIR" -name "*.ftl" 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+          echo "No files found from l10n repo, trying fallback from main repository..."
+          for util_dir in src/uu/*/; do
+            util_name=$(basename "$util_dir")
+            if [ -d "$util_dir/locales" ]; then
+              echo "Copying locales for $util_name from main repo..."
+              mkdir -p "$LOCALE_DIR/$util_name"
+              cp "$util_dir/locales"/*.ftl "$LOCALE_DIR/$util_name/" 2>/dev/null || true
+            fi
+          done
+          echo "Files after fallback:"
+          find "$LOCALE_DIR" -name "*.ftl" 2>/dev/null | head -10 || true
+        fi
+
+        echo "✓ Additional locale files installed"
+    - name: Test French localization after cargo install
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test French localization with cargo-installed binary and downloaded locales
+        echo "Testing French localization with cargo-installed binary..."
+
+        # Set installation directories
+        CARGO_INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/cargo-install-dir"
+        LOCALE_DIR="$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/share/locales"
+
+        echo "Checking installed binary..."
+        if [ ! -f "$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" ]; then
+          echo "✗ coreutils binary not found"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        echo "Checking locale files..."
+        echo "LOCALE_DIR is: $LOCALE_DIR"
+        echo "Checking if locale directory exists:"
+        ls -la "$LOCALE_DIR" 2>/dev/null || echo "Locale directory not found"
+        echo "Contents of locale directory:"
+        find "$LOCALE_DIR" -name "*.ftl" 2>/dev/null | head -10 || echo "No locale files found"
+        echo "Looking for ls locale files specifically:"
+        ls -la "$LOCALE_DIR/ls/" 2>/dev/null || echo "No ls locale directory"
+
+        # Test French localization
+        export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+        export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
+
+        echo "Testing ls --help with French locale..."
+        ls_help=$("$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" ls --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+        echo "ls help output (first 10 lines):"
+        echo "$ls_help" | head -10
+
+        # Check for specific French strings from ls fr-FR.ftl
+        french_strings_found=0
+
+        if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Lister le contenu des répertoires"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French ls description: 'Lister le contenu des répertoires'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Afficher les informations d'aide"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French ls help text: 'Afficher les informations d'aide'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "FICHIER"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French usage pattern: 'FICHIER'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        echo "Testing cat --help with French locale..."
+        cat_help=$("$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" cat --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+        echo "cat help output (first 5 lines):"
+        echo "$cat_help" | head -5
+
+        if echo "$cat_help" | grep -q "Concaténer"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French cat description containing: 'Concaténer'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        echo "Testing error messages with French locale..."
+        error_output=$("$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" ls /nonexistent_test_directory 2>&1 || echo "Expected error occurred")
+        echo "Error output: $error_output"
+
+        if echo "$error_output" | grep -q "impossible d'accéder à"; then
+          echo "✓ Found French error message: 'impossible d'accéder à'"
+          french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+        fi
+
+        # Verify the binary works in French locale
+        version_output=$("$CARGO_INSTALL_DIR/bin/coreutils" --version 2>&1)
+        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+          echo "✓ Binary executes successfully with French locale"
+          echo "Version output: $version_output"
+        else
+          echo "✗ Binary failed to execute with French locale"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        # Final validation
+        echo "French strings found: $french_strings_found"
+        if [ "$french_strings_found" -gt 0 ]; then
+          echo "✓ SUCCESS: French localization test passed after cargo install - found $french_strings_found French strings"
+        else
+          echo "✗ ERROR: No French strings detected with cargo-installed binary"
+          echo "This indicates an issue with locale loading from downloaded files"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        echo "✓ French localization verification completed"
+
+  l10n_locale_support_verification:
+    name: L10n/Locale Support Verification
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
+      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - name: Run sccache-cache
+      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.9
+    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install/setup prerequisites including locale support
+        sudo apt-get -y update
+        sudo apt-get -y install libselinux1-dev locales build-essential
+
+        # Generate multiple locales for testing
+        sudo locale-gen --keep-existing en_US.UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8 es_ES.UTF-8
+        locale -a | grep -E "(en_US|fr_FR|de_DE|es_ES)" || echo "Some locales may not be available"
+    - name: Install binaries with locale support
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Install both multi-call and individual binaries using make
+        echo "Installing binaries with full locale support..."
+
+        # Create installation directory
+        INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/install-dir"
+        mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"
+
+        # Build and install using make with DESTDIR
+        make FEATURES="feat_os_unix" PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+        make install DESTDIR="$INSTALL_DIR" PREFIX=/usr PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+
+        # Debug: Show what was installed
+        echo "Contents of installation directory:"
+        find "$INSTALL_DIR" -type f -name "coreutils" -o -name "ls" 2>/dev/null | head -20 || true
+        echo "Looking for binaries in: $INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/"
+        ls -la "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/" || echo "Directory not found"
+
+        echo "✓ Installation completed"
+    - name: Verify locale detection and startup
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test that installed binaries start correctly with different locales
+        echo "Testing locale detection and startup..."
+
+        # Set installation directory path
+        INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/install-dir"
+
+        # Test with different locales
+        locales_to_test=("C" "en_US.UTF-8" "fr_FR.UTF-8")
+
+        for locale in "${locales_to_test[@]}"; do
+          echo "Testing with locale: $locale"
+
+          # Test multi-call binary startup
+          if LC_ALL="$locale" "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "✓ Multi-call binary starts successfully with locale: $locale"
+          else
+            echo "✗ Multi-call binary failed to start with locale: $locale"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          # Test individual binary startup (if available)
+          if [ -f "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/ls" ]; then
+            if LC_ALL="$locale" "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/ls" --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+              echo "✓ Individual binary (ls) starts successfully with locale: $locale"
+            else
+              echo "✗ Individual binary (ls) failed to start with locale: $locale"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          else
+            echo "Individual ls binary not found (multi-call only mode)"
+          fi
+
+          # Test that help text appears (even if not localized)
+          help_output=$(LC_ALL="$locale" "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ls --help 2>&1)
+          if echo "$help_output" | grep -q -i "usage\|list"; then
+            echo "✓ Help text appears correctly with locale: $locale"
+          else
+            echo "✗ Help text missing or malformed with locale: $locale"
+            echo "Help output: $help_output"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        done
+
+        echo "✓ All locale startup tests passed"
+    - name: Test locale-specific functionality
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Test locale-specific behavior with installed binaries
+        echo "Testing locale-specific functionality..."
+
+        # Set installation directory path
+        INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/install-dir"
+
+        # Test with French locale (if available)
+        if locale -a | grep -q fr_FR.UTF-8; then
+          echo "Testing French locale functionality..."
+
+          export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+          export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
+
+          # Test that the program runs successfully with French locale
+          french_version_output=$("$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" --version 2>&1)
+          if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "✓ Program runs successfully with French locale"
+            echo "Version output: $french_version_output"
+          else
+            echo "✗ Program failed with French locale"
+            echo "Error output: $french_version_output"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          # Test basic functionality with French locale
+          temp_file=$(mktemp)
+          echo "test content" > "$temp_file"
+
+          if "$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" cat "$temp_file" | grep -q "test content"; then
+            echo "✓ Basic file operations work with French locale"
+          else
+            echo "✗ Basic file operations failed with French locale"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          rm -f "$temp_file"
+
+          # Test that French translations are actually working
+          echo "Testing French translations..."
+          french_strings_found=0
+
+          echo "Testing ls --help with French locale..."
+          ls_help=$("$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ls --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+          echo "ls help output (first 10 lines):"
+          echo "$ls_help" | head -10
+
+          # Check for actual French strings that appear in ls --help output
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Lister le contenu des répertoires"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French ls description: 'Lister le contenu des répertoires'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Ignorer les fichiers et répertoires commençant par"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French explanation: 'Ignorer les fichiers et répertoires commençant par'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Afficher les informations d'aide"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French help text: 'Afficher les informations d'aide'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "FICHIER"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French usage pattern: 'FICHIER'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+          if echo "$ls_help" | grep -q "Définir le format d'affichage"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French option description: 'Définir le format d'affichage'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          echo "Testing cat --help with French locale..."
+          cat_help=$("$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" cat --help 2>&1 || echo "Command failed")
+          echo "cat help output (first 5 lines):"
+          echo "$cat_help" | head -5
+
+          # Check for French strings in cat help
+          if echo "$cat_help" | grep -q "Concaténer"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French cat description containing: 'Concaténer'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          echo "Testing with error messages..."
+          error_output=$("$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" ls /nonexistent_directory_for_testing 2>&1 || echo "Expected error occurred")
+          echo "Error output: $error_output"
+
+          # Check for French error messages
+          if echo "$error_output" | grep -q "impossible d'accéder à"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French error message: 'impossible d'accéder à'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+          if echo "$error_output" | grep -q "Aucun fichier ou répertoire de ce type"; then
+            echo "✓ Found French error text: 'Aucun fichier ou répertoire de ce type'"
+            french_strings_found=$((french_strings_found + 1))
+          fi
+
+          # Test version output
+          echo "Testing --version with French locale..."
+          version_output=$("$INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" --version 2>&1)
+          echo "Version output: $version_output"
+
+          # Final validation - ensure we found at least some French strings
+          echo "French strings found: $french_strings_found"
+          if [ "$french_strings_found" -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo "✓ SUCCESS: French locale translation test passed - found $french_strings_found French strings"
+          else
+            echo "✗ ERROR: No French strings were detected in installed binaries"
+            echo "This indicates that French translations are not working properly with installed binaries"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "French locale not available, skipping French-specific tests"
+        fi
+
+        # Test with standard build configuration
+        echo "Testing standard build configuration..."
+        cd "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE"
+
+        # Create separate installation directory for standard build
+        STANDARD_BUILD_INSTALL_DIR="$PWD/standard-build-install-dir"
+        mkdir -p "$STANDARD_BUILD_INSTALL_DIR"
+
+        # Clean and build standard version
+        make clean
+        make FEATURES="feat_os_unix" PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+        make install DESTDIR="$STANDARD_BUILD_INSTALL_DIR" PREFIX=/usr PROFILE=release MULTICALL=y
+
+        # Verify standard build binary works
+        if "$STANDARD_BUILD_INSTALL_DIR/usr/bin/coreutils" --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+          echo "✓ Standard build works correctly"
+        else
+          echo "✗ Standard build failed"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        echo "✓ All locale-specific functionality tests passed"
+      env:
+        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"