Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
"There was some breakage with the changes for jump labels in the 4.11
merge window:
- powerpc broke as jump labels uses the two LSB bits as flags in
initialization.
A check was added to make sure that all jump label entries were 4
bytes aligned, but powerpc didn't work that way for modules. Adding
an alignment in the module linker script appeared to be the best
solution.
- Jump labels also added an anonymous union to access those LSB bits
as a normal long. But because this structure had static
initialization, it broke older compilers that could not statically
initialize anonymous unions without brackets.
- The command line parameter for setting function graph filter broke
the "EMPTY_HASH" descriptor by modifying it instead of creating a
new hash to hold the entries.
- The command line parameter ftrace_graph_max_depth was added to
allow its setting at boot time. It uses existing code and only the
command line hook was added.
This is not really a fix, but as it uses existing code without
affecting anything else, I added it to this release. It was ready
before the merge window closed, but I wanted to let it sit in
linux-next for a couple of days first"
* tag 'trace-v4.11-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
ftrace/graph: Add ftrace_graph_max_depth kernel parameter
tracing: Add #undef to fix compile error
jump_label: Add comment about initialization order for anonymous unions
jump_label: Fix anonymous union initialization
module: set __jump_table alignment to 8
ftrace/graph: Do not modify the EMPTY_HASH for the function_graph filter
tracing: Fix code comment for ftrace_ops_get_func()
Commit 3821fd35b5 ("jump_label: Reduce the size of struct static_key")
broke old compilers that could not handle static initialization of anonymous
unions. Boris fixed it with a patch that added brackets around the static
initializer. But this creates a dependency between those initializers and
the structure's order of its fields. Document this dependency in case new
fields are added to struct static_key in the future.
Noted-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
"This release has no new tracing features, just clean ups, minor fixes
and small optimizations"
* tag 'trace-v4.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (25 commits)
tracing: Remove outdated ring buffer comment
tracing/probes: Fix a warning message to show correct maximum length
tracing: Fix return value check in trace_benchmark_reg()
tracing: Use modern function declaration
jump_label: Reduce the size of struct static_key
tracing/probe: Show subsystem name in messages
tracing/hwlat: Update old comment about migration
timers: Make flags output in the timer_start tracepoint useful
tracing: Have traceprobe_probes_write() not access userspace unnecessarily
tracing: Have COMM event filter key be treated as a string
ftrace: Have set_graph_function handle multiple functions in one write
ftrace: Do not hold references of ftrace_graph_{notrace_}hash out of graph_lock
tracing: Reset parser->buffer to allow multiple "puts"
ftrace: Have set_graph_functions handle write with RDWR
ftrace: Reset fgd->hash in ftrace_graph_write()
ftrace: Replace (void *)1 with a meaningful macro name FTRACE_GRAPH_EMPTY
ftrace: Create a slight optimization on searching the ftrace_hash
tracing: Add ftrace_hash_key() helper function
ftrace: Convert graph filter to use hash tables
ftrace: Expose ftrace_hash_empty and ftrace_lookup_ip
...
The static_key->next field goes mostly unused. The field is used for
associating module uses with a static key. Most uses of struct static_key
define a static key in the core kernel and make use of it entirely within
the core kernel, or define the static key in a module and make use of it
only from within that module. In fact, of the ~3,000 static keys defined,
I found only about 5 or so that did not fit this pattern.
Thus, we can remove the static_key->next field entirely and overload
the static_key->entries field. That is, when all the static_key uses
are contained within the same module, static_key->entries continues
to point to those uses. However, if the static_key uses are not contained
within the module where the static_key is defined, then we allocate a
struct static_key_mod, store a pointer to the uses within that
struct static_key_mod, and have the static key point at the static_key_mod.
This does incur some extra memory usage when a static_key is used in a
module that does not define it, but since there are only a handful of such
cases there is a net savings.
In order to identify if the static_key->entries pointer contains a
struct static_key_mod or a struct jump_entry pointer, bit 1 of
static_key->entries is set to 1 if it points to a struct static_key_mod and
is 0 if it points to a struct jump_entry. We were already using bit 0 in a
similar way to store the initial value of the static_key. This does mean
that allocations of struct static_key_mod and that the struct jump_entry
tables need to be at least 4-byte aligned in memory. As far as I can tell
all arches meet this criteria.
For my .config, the patch increased the text by 778 bytes, but reduced
the data + bss size by 14912, for a net savings of 14,134 bytes.
text data bss dec hex filename
8092427 5016512 790528 13899467 d416cb vmlinux.pre
8093205 5001600 790528 13885333 d3df95 vmlinux.post
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486154544-4321-1-git-send-email-jbaron@akamai.com
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull RAS updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes were:
- Lots of enhancements for AMD SMCA (Scalable MCA
features/extensions) systems: extract, decode and print more
hardware error information and add matching support on the
injection/testing side as well. (Yazn Ghannam)
- Various MCE handling improvements on modern Intel Xeons. (Tony
Luck)
- Plus misc fixes and enhancements"
* 'ras-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (21 commits)
x86/RAS/mce_amd_inj: Remove debugfs dir recursively on exit
x86/RAS/mce_amd_inj: Fix signed wrap around when decrementing index 'i'
x86/RAS/mce_amd_inj: Fix some W= warnings
x86/MCE/AMD, EDAC: Handle reserved bank 4 on Fam17h properly
x86/mce/AMD: Extract the error address on SMCA systems
x86/mce, EDAC/mce_amd: Print MCA_SYND and MCA_IPID during MCE on SMCA systems
x86/mce/AMD: Save MCA_IPID in MCE struct on SMCA systems
x86/mce/AMD: Ensure the deferred error interrupt is of type APIC on SMCA systems
x86/mce/AMD: Update sysfs bank names for SMCA systems
x86/mce/AMD, EDAC/mce_amd: Define and use tables for known SMCA IP types
EDAC/mce_amd: Use SMCA prefix for error descriptions arrays
EDAC/mce_amd: Add missing SMCA error descriptions
x86/mce/AMD: Read MSRs on the CPU allocating the threshold blocks
x86/RAS: Add syndrome support to mce_amd_inj
EDAC/mce_amd: Print syndrome register value on SMCA systems
x86/mce: Add support for new MCA_SYND register
x86/mce/AMD: Use msr_ops.misc() in allocate_threshold_blocks()
x86/mce: Drop X86_FEATURE_MCE_RECOVERY and the related model string test
x86/mce: Improve memcpy_mcsafe()
x86/mce: Add PCI quirks to identify Xeons with machine check recovery
...
The static key API is currently designed around single variable
definitions. There are cases where an array of static keys is desirable,
so extend the API to allow this rather than using the internal static
key implementation directly.
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Suggested-by: Dave P Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
The following scenario is possible:
CPU 1 CPU 2
static_key_slow_inc()
atomic_inc_not_zero()
-> key.enabled == 0, no increment
jump_label_lock()
atomic_inc_return()
-> key.enabled == 1 now
static_key_slow_inc()
atomic_inc_not_zero()
-> key.enabled == 1, inc to 2
return
** static key is wrong!
jump_label_update()
jump_label_unlock()
Testing the static key at the point marked by (**) will follow the
wrong path for jumps that have not been patched yet. This can
actually happen when creating many KVM virtual machines with userspace
LAPIC emulation; just run several copies of the following program:
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/kvm.h>
int main(void)
{
for (;;) {
int kvmfd = open("/dev/kvm", O_RDONLY);
int vmfd = ioctl(kvmfd, KVM_CREATE_VM, 0);
close(ioctl(vmfd, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, 1));
close(vmfd);
close(kvmfd);
}
return 0;
}
Every KVM_CREATE_VCPU ioctl will attempt a static_key_slow_inc() call.
The static key's purpose is to skip NULL pointer checks and indeed one
of the processes eventually dereferences NULL.
As explained in the commit that introduced the bug:
706249c222 ("locking/static_keys: Rework update logic")
jump_label_update() needs key.enabled to be true. The solution adopted
here is to temporarily make key.enabled == -1, and use go down the
slow path when key.enabled <= 0.
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.3+
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 706249c222 ("locking/static_keys: Rework update logic")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466527937-69798-1-git-send-email-pbonzini@redhat.com
[ Small stylistic edits to the changelog and the code. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
"The cgroup core saw several significant updates this cycle:
- percpu_rwsem for threadgroup locking is reinstated. This was
temporarily dropped due to down_write latency issues. Oleg's
rework of percpu_rwsem which is scheduled to be merged in this
merge window resolves the issue.
- On the v2 hierarchy, when controllers are enabled and disabled, all
operations are atomic and can fail and revert cleanly. This allows
->can_attach() failure which is necessary for cpu RT slices.
- Tasks now stay associated with the original cgroups after exit
until released. This allows tracking resources held by zombies
(e.g. pids) and makes it easy to find out where zombies came from
on the v2 hierarchy. The pids controller was broken before these
changes as zombies escaped the limits; unfortunately, updating this
behavior required too many invasive changes and I don't think it's
a good idea to backport them, so the pids controller on 4.3, the
first version which included the pids controller, will stay broken
at least until I'm sure about the cgroup core changes.
- Optimization of a couple common tests using static_key"
* 'for-4.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (38 commits)
cgroup: fix race condition around termination check in css_task_iter_next()
blkcg: don't create "io.stat" on the root cgroup
cgroup: drop cgroup__DEVEL__legacy_files_on_dfl
cgroup: replace error handling in cgroup_init() with WARN_ON()s
cgroup: add cgroup_subsys->free() method and use it to fix pids controller
cgroup: keep zombies associated with their original cgroups
cgroup: make css_set_rwsem a spinlock and rename it to css_set_lock
cgroup: don't hold css_set_rwsem across css task iteration
cgroup: reorganize css_task_iter functions
cgroup: factor out css_set_move_task()
cgroup: keep css_set and task lists in chronological order
cgroup: make cgroup_destroy_locked() test cgroup_is_populated()
cgroup: make css_sets pin the associated cgroups
cgroup: relocate cgroup_[try]get/put()
cgroup: move check_for_release() invocation
cgroup: replace cgroup_has_tasks() with cgroup_is_populated()
cgroup: make cgroup->nr_populated count the number of populated css_sets
cgroup: remove an unused parameter from cgroup_task_migrate()
cgroup: fix too early usage of static_branch_disable()
cgroup: make cgroup_update_dfl_csses() migrate all target processes atomically
...
static_key_enabled() can be used on struct static_key but not on its
wrapper types static_key_true and static_key_false. The function is
useful for debugging and management of static keys. Update it so that
it can be used for the wrapper types too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
There are various problems and short-comings with the current
static_key interface:
- static_key_{true,false}() read like a branch depending on the key
value, instead of the actual likely/unlikely branch depending on
init value.
- static_key_{true,false}() are, as stated above, tied to the
static_key init values STATIC_KEY_INIT_{TRUE,FALSE}.
- we're limited to the 2 (out of 4) possible options that compile to
a default NOP because that's what our arch_static_branch() assembly
emits.
So provide a new static_key interface:
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(name);
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(name);
Which define a key of different types with an initial true/false
value.
Then allow:
static_branch_likely()
static_branch_unlikely()
to take a key of either type and emit the right instruction for the
case.
This means adding a second arch_static_branch_jump() assembly helper
which emits a JMP per default.
In order to determine the right instruction for the right state,
encode the branch type in the LSB of jump_entry::key.
This is the final step in removing the naming confusion that has led to
a stream of avoidable bugs such as:
a833581e37 ("x86, perf: Fix static_key bug in load_mm_cr4()")
... but it also allows new static key combinations that will give us
performance enhancements in the subsequent patches.
Tested-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in> # arm
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> # ppc
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # s390
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Since we've already stepped away from ENABLE is a JMP and DISABLE is a
NOP with the branch_default bits, and are going to make it even worse,
rename it to make it all clearer.
This way we don't mix multiple levels of logic attributes, but have a
plain 'physical' name for what the current instruction patching status
of a jump label is.
This is a first step in removing the naming confusion that has led to
a stream of avoidable bugs such as:
a833581e37 ("x86, perf: Fix static_key bug in load_mm_cr4()")
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
[ Beefed up the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
