The NUMA balancing logic uses an arch-specific PROT_NONE page table flag
defined by pte_protnone() or pmd_protnone() to mark PTEs or huge page
PMDs respectively as requiring balancing upon a subsequent page fault.
User-defined PROT_NONE memory regions which also have this flag set will
not normally invoke the NUMA balancing code as do_page_fault() will send
a segfault to the process before handle_mm_fault() is even called.
However if access_remote_vm() is invoked to access a PROT_NONE region of
memory, handle_mm_fault() is called via faultin_page() and
__get_user_pages() without any access checks being performed, meaning
the NUMA balancing logic is incorrectly invoked on a non-NUMA memory
region.
A simple means of triggering this problem is to access PROT_NONE mmap'd
memory using /proc/self/mem which reliably results in the NUMA handling
functions being invoked when CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING is set.
This issue was reported in bugzilla (issue 99101) which includes some
simple repro code.
There are BUG_ON() checks in do_numa_page() and do_huge_pmd_numa_page()
added at commit c0e7cad to avoid accidentally provoking strange
behaviour by attempting to apply NUMA balancing to pages that are in
fact PROT_NONE. The BUG_ON()'s are consistently triggered by the repro.
This patch moves the PROT_NONE check into mm/memory.c rather than
invoking BUG_ON() as faulting in these pages via faultin_page() is a
valid reason for reaching the NUMA check with the PROT_NONE page table
flag set and is therefore not always a bug.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99101
Reported-by: Trevor Saunders <tbsaunde@tbsaunde.org>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Every swap-in anonymous page starts from inactive lru list's head. It
should be activated unconditionally when VM decide to reclaim because
page table entry for the page always usually has marked accessed bit.
Thus, their window size for getting a new referece is 2 * NR_inactive +
NR_active while others is NR_inactive + NR_active.
It's not fair that it has more chance to be referenced compared to other
newly allocated page which starts from active lru list's head.
Johannes:
: The page can still have a valid copy on the swap device, so prefering to
: reclaim that page over a fresh one could make sense. But as you point
: out, having it start inactive instead of active actually ends up giving it
: *more* LRU time, and that seems to be without justification.
Rik:
: The reason newly read in swap cache pages start on the inactive list is
: that we do some amount of read-around, and do not know which pages will
: get used.
:
: However, immediately activating the ones that DO get used, like your patch
: does, is the right thing to do.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469762740-17860-1-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I ran into this:
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at mm/page_alloc.c:3784
in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, pid: 1434, name: trinity-c1
2 locks held by trinity-c1/1434:
#0: (&mm->mmap_sem){......}, at: [<ffffffff810ce31e>] __do_page_fault+0x1ce/0x8f0
#1: (rcu_read_lock){......}, at: [<ffffffff81378f86>] filemap_map_pages+0xd6/0xdd0
CPU: 0 PID: 1434 Comm: trinity-c1 Not tainted 4.7.0+ #58
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x65/0x84
panic+0x185/0x2dd
___might_sleep+0x51c/0x600
__might_sleep+0x90/0x1a0
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x5b1/0x2160
alloc_pages_current+0xcc/0x370
pte_alloc_one+0x12/0x90
__pte_alloc+0x1d/0x200
alloc_set_pte+0xe3e/0x14a0
filemap_map_pages+0x42b/0xdd0
handle_mm_fault+0x17d5/0x28b0
__do_page_fault+0x310/0x8f0
trace_do_page_fault+0x18d/0x310
do_async_page_fault+0x27/0xa0
async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
The important bits from the above is that filemap_map_pages() is calling
into the page allocator while holding rcu_read_lock (sleeping is not
allowed inside RCU read-side critical sections).
According to Kirill Shutemov, the prefaulting code in do_fault_around()
is supposed to take care of this, but missing error handling means that
the allocation failure can go unnoticed.
We don't need to return VM_FAULT_OOM (or any other error) here, since we
can just let the normal fault path try again.
Fixes: 7267ec008b ("mm: postpone page table allocation until we have page to map")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469708107-11868-1-git-send-email-vegard.nossum@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Hillf Danton" <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Here's basic implementation of huge pages support for shmem/tmpfs.
It's all pretty streight-forward:
- shmem_getpage() allcoates huge page if it can and try to inserd into
radix tree with shmem_add_to_page_cache();
- shmem_add_to_page_cache() puts the page onto radix-tree if there's
space for it;
- shmem_undo_range() removes huge pages, if it fully within range.
Partial truncate of huge pages zero out this part of THP.
This have visible effect on fallocate(FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE)
behaviour. As we don't really create hole in this case,
lseek(SEEK_HOLE) may have inconsistent results depending what
pages happened to be allocated.
- no need to change shmem_fault: core-mm will map an compound page as
huge if VMA is suitable;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-30-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch makes swapin readahead to improve thp collapse rate. When
khugepaged scanned pages, there can be a few of the pages in swap area.
With the patch THP can collapse 4kB pages into a THP when there are up
to max_ptes_swap swap ptes in a 2MB range.
The patch was tested with a test program that allocates 400B of memory,
writes to it, and then sleeps. I force the system to swap out all.
Afterwards, the test program touches the area by writing, it skips a
page in each 20 pages of the area.
Without the patch, system did not swap in readahead. THP rate was %65
of the program of the memory, it did not change over time.
With this patch, after 10 minutes of waiting khugepaged had collapsed
%99 of the program's memory.
[kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: trivial cleanup of exit path of the function]
[kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: __collapse_huge_page_swapin(): drop unused 'pte' parameter]
[kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: do not hold anon_vma lock during swap in]
Signed-off-by: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The VM_BUG_ON_PAGE in page_move_anon_rmap() is more trouble than it's
worth: the syzkaller fuzzer hit it again. It's still wrong for some THP
cases, because linear_page_index() was never intended to apply to
addresses before the start of a vma.
That's easily fixed with a signed long cast inside linear_page_index();
and Dmitry has tested such a patch, to verify the false positive. But
why extend linear_page_index() just for this case? when the avoidance in
page_move_anon_rmap() has already grown ugly, and there's no reason for
the check at all (nothing else there is using address or index).
Remove address arg from page_move_anon_rmap(), remove VM_BUG_ON_PAGE,
remove CONFIG_DEBUG_VM PageTransHuge adjustment.
And one more thing: should the compound_head(page) be done inside or
outside page_move_anon_rmap()? It's usually pushed down to the lowest
level nowadays (and mm/memory.c shows no other explicit use of it), so I
think it's better done in page_move_anon_rmap() than by caller.
Fixes: 0798d3c022 ("mm: thp: avoid false positive VM_BUG_ON_PAGE in page_move_anon_rmap()")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1607120444540.12528@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.5+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull DAX locking updates from Ross Zwisler:
"Filesystem DAX locking for 4.7
- We use a bit in an exceptional radix tree entry as a lock bit and
use it similarly to how page lock is used for normal faults. This
fixes races between hole instantiation and read faults of the same
index.
- Filesystem DAX PMD faults are disabled, and will be re-enabled when
PMD locking is implemented"
* tag 'dax-locking-for-4.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm:
dax: Remove i_mmap_lock protection
dax: Use radix tree entry lock to protect cow faults
dax: New fault locking
dax: Allow DAX code to replace exceptional entries
dax: Define DAX lock bit for radix tree exceptional entry
dax: Make huge page handling depend of CONFIG_BROKEN
dax: Fix condition for filling of PMD holes
fault_around aims to reduce minor faults of file-backed pages via
speculative ahead pte mapping and relying on readahead logic. However,
on non-HW access bit architecture the benefit is highly limited because
they should emulate the young bit with minor faults for reclaim's page
aging algorithm. IOW, we cannot reduce minor faults on those
architectures.
I did quick a test on my ARM machine.
512M file mmap sequential every word read on eSATA drive 4 times.
stddev is stable.
= fault_around 4096 =
elapsed time(usec): 6747645
= fault_around 65536 =
elapsed time(usec): 6709263
0.5% gain.
Even when I tested it with eMMC there is no gain because I guess with
slow storage the major fault is the dominant factor.
Also, fault_around has the side effect of shrinking slab more
aggressively and causes higher vmpressure, so if such speculation fails,
it can evict slab more which can result in page I/O (e.g., inode cache).
In the end, it would make void any benefit of fault_around.
So let's make the default "disabled" on those architectures.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160518014229.GB21538@bbox
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, faultaround code produces young pte. This can screw up
vmscan behaviour[1], as it makes vmscan think that these pages are hot
and not push them out on first round.
During sparse file access faultaround gets more pages mapped and all of
them are young. Under memory pressure, this makes vmscan swap out anon
pages instead, or to drop other page cache pages which otherwise stay
resident.
Modify faultaround to produce old ptes, so they can easily be reclaimed
under memory pressure.
This can to some extend defeat the purpose of faultaround on machines
without hardware accessed bit as it will not help us with reducing the
number of minor page faults.
We may want to disable faultaround on such machines altogether, but
that's subject for separate patchset.
Minchan:
"I tested 512M mmap sequential word read test on non-HW access bit
system (i.e., ARM) and confirmed it doesn't increase minor fault any
more.
old: 4096 fault_around
minor fault: 131291
elapsed time: 6747645 usec
new: 65536 fault_around
minor fault: 131291
elapsed time: 6709263 usec
0.56% benefit"
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460992636-711-1-git-send-email-vinmenon@codeaurora.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463488366-47723-1-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently faults are protected against truncate by filesystem specific
i_mmap_sem and page lock in case of hole page. Cow faults are protected
DAX radix tree entry locking. So there's no need for i_mmap_lock in DAX
code. Remove it.
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
When doing cow faults, we cannot directly fill in PTE as we do for other
faults as we rely on generic code to do proper accounting of the cowed page.
We also have no page to lock to protect against races with truncate as
other faults have and we need the protection to extend until the moment
generic code inserts cowed page into PTE thus at that point we have no
protection of fs-specific i_mmap_sem. So far we relied on using
i_mmap_lock for the protection however that is completely special to cow
faults. To make fault locking more uniform use DAX entry lock instead.
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
This will provide fully accuracy to the mapcount calculation in the
write protect faults, so page pinning will not get broken by false
positive copy-on-writes.
total_mapcount() isn't the right calculation needed in
reuse_swap_page(), so this introduces a page_trans_huge_mapcount()
that is effectively the full accurate return value for page_mapcount()
if dealing with Transparent Hugepages, however we only use the
page_trans_huge_mapcount() during COW faults where it strictly needed,
due to its higher runtime cost.
This also provide at practical zero cost the total_mapcount
information which is needed to know if we can still relocate the page
anon_vma to the local vma. If page_trans_huge_mapcount() returns 1 we
can reuse the page no matter if it's a pte or a pmd_trans_huge
triggering the fault, but we can only relocate the page anon_vma to
the local vma->anon_vma if we're sure it's only this "vma" mapping the
whole THP physical range.
Kirill A. Shutemov discovered the problem with moving the page
anon_vma to the local vma->anon_vma in a previous version of this
patch and another problem in the way page_move_anon_rmap() was called.
Andrew Morton discovered that CONFIG_SWAP=n wouldn't build in a
previous version, because reuse_swap_page must be a macro to call
page_trans_huge_mapcount from swap.h, so this uses a macro again
instead of an inline function. With this change at least it's a less
dangerous usage than it was before, because "page" is used only once
now, while with the previous code reuse_swap_page(page++) would have
called page_mapcount on page+1 and it would have increased page twice
instead of just once.
Dean Luick noticed an uninitialized variable that could result in a
rmap inefficiency for the non-THP case in a previous version.
Mike Marciniszyn said:
: Our RDMA tests are seeing an issue with memory locking that bisects to
: commit 61f5d698cc ("mm: re-enable THP")
:
: The test program registers two rather large MRs (512M) and RDMA
: writes data to a passive peer using the first and RDMA reads it back
: into the second MR and compares that data. The sizes are chosen randomly
: between 0 and 1024 bytes.
:
: The test will get through a few (<= 4 iterations) and then gets a
: compare error.
:
: Tracing indicates the kernel logical addresses associated with the individual
: pages at registration ARE correct , the data in the "RDMA read response only"
: packets ARE correct.
:
: The "corruption" occurs when the packet crosse two pages that are not physically
: contiguous. The second page reads back as zero in the program.
:
: It looks like the user VA at the point of the compare error no longer points to
: the same physical address as was registered.
:
: This patch totally resolves the issue!
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462547040-1737-2-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Reviewed-by: Dean Luick <dean.luick@intel.com>
Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Marciniszyn <mike.marciniszyn@intel.com>
Tested-by: Josh Collier <josh.d.collier@intel.com>
Cc: Marc Haber <mh+linux-kernel@zugschlus.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.5]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
