Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- Yu Zhao's Multi-Gen LRU patches are here. They've been under test in
linux-next for a couple of months without, to my knowledge, any
negative reports (or any positive ones, come to that).
- Also the Maple Tree from Liam Howlett. An overlapping range-based
tree for vmas. It it apparently slightly more efficient in its own
right, but is mainly targeted at enabling work to reduce mmap_lock
contention.
Liam has identified a number of other tree users in the kernel which
could be beneficially onverted to mapletrees.
Yu Zhao has identified a hard-to-hit but "easy to fix" lockdep splat
at [1]. This has yet to be addressed due to Liam's unfortunately
timed vacation. He is now back and we'll get this fixed up.
- Dmitry Vyukov introduces KMSAN: the Kernel Memory Sanitizer. It uses
clang-generated instrumentation to detect used-unintialized bugs down
to the single bit level.
KMSAN keeps finding bugs. New ones, as well as the legacy ones.
- Yang Shi adds a userspace mechanism (madvise) to induce a collapse of
memory into THPs.
- Zach O'Keefe has expanded Yang Shi's madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) to
support file/shmem-backed pages.
- userfaultfd updates from Axel Rasmussen
- zsmalloc cleanups from Alexey Romanov
- cleanups from Miaohe Lin: vmscan, hugetlb_cgroup, hugetlb and
memory-failure
- Huang Ying adds enhancements to NUMA balancing memory tiering mode's
page promotion, with a new way of detecting hot pages.
- memcg updates from Shakeel Butt: charging optimizations and reduced
memory consumption.
- memcg cleanups from Kairui Song.
- memcg fixes and cleanups from Johannes Weiner.
- Vishal Moola provides more folio conversions
- Zhang Yi removed ll_rw_block() :(
- migration enhancements from Peter Xu
- migration error-path bugfixes from Huang Ying
- Aneesh Kumar added ability for a device driver to alter the memory
tiering promotion paths. For optimizations by PMEM drivers, DRM
drivers, etc.
- vma merging improvements from Jakub Matěn.
- NUMA hinting cleanups from David Hildenbrand.
- xu xin added aditional userspace visibility into KSM merging
activity.
- THP & KSM code consolidation from Qi Zheng.
- more folio work from Matthew Wilcox.
- KASAN updates from Andrey Konovalov.
- DAMON cleanups from Kaixu Xia.
- DAMON work from SeongJae Park: fixes, cleanups.
- hugetlb sysfs cleanups from Muchun Song.
- Mike Kravetz fixes locking issues in hugetlbfs and in hugetlb core.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOUHufZabH85CeUN-MEMgL8gJGzJEWUrkiM58JkTbBhh-jew0Q@mail.gmail.com [1]
* tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (555 commits)
hugetlb: allocate vma lock for all sharable vmas
hugetlb: take hugetlb vma_lock when clearing vma_lock->vma pointer
hugetlb: fix vma lock handling during split vma and range unmapping
mglru: mm/vmscan.c: fix imprecise comments
mm/mglru: don't sync disk for each aging cycle
mm: memcontrol: drop dead CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP config symbol
mm: memcontrol: use do_memsw_account() in a few more places
mm: memcontrol: deprecate swapaccounting=0 mode
mm: memcontrol: don't allocate cgroup swap arrays when memcg is disabled
mm/secretmem: remove reduntant return value
mm/hugetlb: add available_huge_pages() func
mm: remove unused inline functions from include/linux/mm_inline.h
selftests/vm: add selftest for MADV_COLLAPSE of uffd-minor memory
selftests/vm: add file/shmem MADV_COLLAPSE selftest for cleared pmd
selftests/vm: add thp collapse shmem testing
selftests/vm: add thp collapse file and tmpfs testing
selftests/vm: modularize thp collapse memory operations
selftests/vm: dedup THP helpers
mm/khugepaged: add tracepoint to hpage_collapse_scan_file()
mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE
...
Right now, kasan_cache_create() assigns SLAB_KASAN for all KASAN modes and
then sets up metadata-related cache parameters for the Generic mode.
SLAB_KASAN is used in two places:
1. In slab_ksize() to account for per-object metadata when
calculating the size of the accessible memory within the object.
2. In slab_common.c via kasan_never_merge() to prevent merging of
caches with per-object metadata.
Both cases are only relevant when per-object metadata is present, which is
only the case with the Generic mode.
Thus, assign SLAB_KASAN and define kasan_cache_create() only for the
Generic mode.
Also update the SLAB_KASAN-related comment.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/61faa2aa1906e2d02c97d00ddf99ce8911dda095.1662411799.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Evgenii Stepanov <eugenis@google.com>
Cc: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The first two patches from a series by Kees Cook [1] that introduce
kmalloc_size_roundup(). This will allow merging of per-subsystem patches using
the new function and ultimately stop (ab)using ksize() in a way that causes
ongoing trouble for debugging functionality and static checkers.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220923202822.2667581-1-keescook@chromium.org/
--
Resolved a conflict of modifying mm/slab.c __ksize() comment with a commit that
unifies __ksize() implementation into mm/slab_common.c
A patch from Feng Tang that enhances the existing debugfs alloc_traces
file for kmalloc caches with information about how much space is wasted
by allocations that needs less space than the particular kmalloc cache
provides.
In the effort to help the compiler reason about buffer sizes, the
__alloc_size attribute was added to allocators. This improves the scope
of the compiler's ability to apply CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS and (in the near
future) CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE. For most allocations, this works well,
as the vast majority of callers are not expecting to use more memory
than what they asked for.
There is, however, one common exception to this: anticipatory resizing
of kmalloc allocations. These cases all use ksize() to determine the
actual bucket size of a given allocation (e.g. 128 when 126 was asked
for). This comes in two styles in the kernel:
1) An allocation has been determined to be too small, and needs to be
resized. Instead of the caller choosing its own next best size, it
wants to minimize the number of calls to krealloc(), so it just uses
ksize() plus some additional bytes, forcing the realloc into the next
bucket size, from which it can learn how large it is now. For example:
data = krealloc(data, ksize(data) + 1, gfp);
data_len = ksize(data);
2) The minimum size of an allocation is calculated, but since it may
grow in the future, just use all the space available in the chosen
bucket immediately, to avoid needing to reallocate later. A good
example of this is skbuff's allocators:
data = kmalloc_reserve(size, gfp_mask, node, &pfmemalloc);
...
/* kmalloc(size) might give us more room than requested.
* Put skb_shared_info exactly at the end of allocated zone,
* to allow max possible filling before reallocation.
*/
osize = ksize(data);
size = SKB_WITH_OVERHEAD(osize);
In both cases, the "how much was actually allocated?" question is answered
_after_ the allocation, where the compiler hinting is not in an easy place
to make the association any more. This mismatch between the compiler's
view of the buffer length and the code's intention about how much it is
going to actually use has already caused problems[1]. It is possible to
fix this by reordering the use of the "actual size" information.
We can serve the needs of users of ksize() and still have accurate buffer
length hinting for the compiler by doing the bucket size calculation
_before_ the allocation. Code can instead ask "how large an allocation
would I get for a given size?".
Introduce kmalloc_size_roundup(), to serve this function so we can start
replacing the "anticipatory resizing" uses of ksize().
[1] https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1599https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/183
[ vbabka@suse.cz: add SLOB version ]
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
The __malloc attribute should not be applied to "realloc" functions, as
the returned pointer may alias the storage of the prior pointer. Instead
of splitting __malloc from __alloc_size, which would be a huge amount of
churn, just create __realloc_size for the few cases where it is needed.
Thanks to Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> for reporting build
failures with gcc-8 in earlier version which tried to remove the #ifdef.
While the "alloc_size" attribute is available on all GCC versions, I
forgot that it gets disabled explicitly by the kernel in GCC < 9.1 due
to misbehaviors. Add a note to the compiler_attributes.h entry for it.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
kmalloc's API family is critical for mm, with one nature that it will
round up the request size to a fixed one (mostly power of 2). Say
when user requests memory for '2^n + 1' bytes, actually 2^(n+1) bytes
could be allocated, so in worst case, there is around 50% memory
space waste.
The wastage is not a big issue for requests that get allocated/freed
quickly, but may cause problems with objects that have longer life
time.
We've met a kernel boot OOM panic (v5.10), and from the dumped slab
info:
[ 26.062145] kmalloc-2k 814056KB 814056KB
From debug we found there are huge number of 'struct iova_magazine',
whose size is 1032 bytes (1024 + 8), so each allocation will waste
1016 bytes. Though the issue was solved by giving the right (bigger)
size of RAM, it is still nice to optimize the size (either use a
kmalloc friendly size or create a dedicated slab for it).
And from lkml archive, there was another crash kernel OOM case [1]
back in 2019, which seems to be related with the similar slab waste
situation, as the log is similar:
[ 4.332648] iommu: Adding device 0000:20:02.0 to group 16
[ 4.338946] swapper/0 invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x6040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null), order=0, oom_score_adj=0
...
[ 4.857565] kmalloc-2048 59164KB 59164KB
The crash kernel only has 256M memory, and 59M is pretty big here.
(Note: the related code has been changed and optimised in recent
kernel [2], these logs are just picked to demo the problem, also
a patch changing its size to 1024 bytes has been merged)
So add an way to track each kmalloc's memory waste info, and
leverage the existing SLUB debug framework (specifically
SLUB_STORE_USER) to show its call stack of original allocation,
so that user can evaluate the waste situation, identify some hot
spots and optimize accordingly, for a better utilization of memory.
The waste info is integrated into existing interface:
'/sys/kernel/debug/slab/kmalloc-xx/alloc_traces', one example of
'kmalloc-4k' after boot is:
126 ixgbe_alloc_q_vector+0xbe/0x830 [ixgbe] waste=233856/1856 age=280763/281414/282065 pid=1330 cpus=32 nodes=1
__kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x11f/0x4e0
__kmalloc_node+0x4e/0x140
ixgbe_alloc_q_vector+0xbe/0x830 [ixgbe]
ixgbe_init_interrupt_scheme+0x2ae/0xc90 [ixgbe]
ixgbe_probe+0x165f/0x1d20 [ixgbe]
local_pci_probe+0x78/0xc0
work_for_cpu_fn+0x26/0x40
...
which means in 'kmalloc-4k' slab, there are 126 requests of
2240 bytes which got a 4KB space (wasting 1856 bytes each
and 233856 bytes in total), from ixgbe_alloc_q_vector().
And when system starts some real workload like multiple docker
instances, there could are more severe waste.
[1]. https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/8/12/266
[2]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2920df89-9975-5785-f79b-257d3052dfaf@huawei.com/
[Thanks Hyeonggon for pointing out several bugs about sorting/format]
[Thanks Vlastimil for suggesting way to reduce memory usage of
orig_size and keep it only for kmalloc objects]
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
By default kfence allocation can happen for any slab object, whose size is
up to PAGE_SIZE, as long as that allocation is the first allocation after
expiration of kfence sample interval. But in certain debugging scenarios
we may be interested in debugging corruptions involving some specific slub
objects like dentry or ext4_* etc. In such cases limiting kfence for
allocations involving only specific slub objects will increase the
probablity of catching the issue since kfence pool will not be consumed by
other slab objects.
This patch introduces a sysfs interface
'/sys/kernel/slab/<name>/skip_kfence' to disable kfence for specific
slabs. Having the interface work in this way does not impact
current/default behavior of kfence and allows us to use kfence for
specific slabs (when needed) as well. The decision to skip/use kfence is
taken depending on whether kmem_cache.flags has (newly introduced)
SLAB_SKIP_KFENCE flag set or not.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220814195353.2540848-1-imran.f.khan@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
__ksize() is only called by KASAN. Remove export symbol and move
declaration to mm/slab.h as we don't want to grow its callers.
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Despite its name, kmem_cache_alloc[_node]_trace() is hook for inlined
kmalloc. So rename it to kmalloc[_node]_trace().
Move its implementation to slab_common.c by using
__kmem_cache_alloc_node(), but keep CONFIG_TRACING=n varients to save a
function call when CONFIG_TRACING=n.
Use __assume_kmalloc_alignment for kmalloc[_node]_trace instead of
__assume_slab_alignement. Generally kmalloc has larger alignment
requirements.
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
There is not much benefit for serving large objects in kmalloc().
Let's pass large requests to page allocator like SLUB for better
maintenance of common code.
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Now that kmalloc_large_node() is in common code, pass large requests
to page allocator in kmalloc_node() using kmalloc_large_node().
One problem is that currently there is no tracepoint in
kmalloc_large_node(). Instead of simply putting tracepoint in it,
use kmalloc_large_node{,_notrace} depending on its caller to show
useful address for both inlined kmalloc_node() and
__kmalloc_node_track_caller() when large objects are allocated.
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
In later patch SLAB will also pass requests larger than order-1 page
to page allocator. Move kmalloc_large_node() to slab_common.c.
Fold kmalloc_large_node_hook() into kmalloc_large_node() as there is
no other caller.
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
There is no caller of kmalloc_order_trace() except kmalloc_large().
Fold it into kmalloc_large() and remove kmalloc_order{,_trace}().
Also add tracepoint in kmalloc_large() that was previously
in kmalloc_order_trace().
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Now that slab_alloc_node() is available for SLAB when CONFIG_NUMA=n,
remove CONFIG_NUMA ifdefs for common kmalloc functions.
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"Almost all of MM here. A few things are still getting finished off,
reviewed, etc.
- Yang Shi has improved the behaviour of khugepaged collapsing of
readonly file-backed transparent hugepages.
- Johannes Weiner has arranged for zswap memory use to be tracked and
managed on a per-cgroup basis.
- Munchun Song adds a /proc knob ("hugetlb_optimize_vmemmap") for
runtime enablement of the recent huge page vmemmap optimization
feature.
- Baolin Wang contributes a series to fix some issues around hugetlb
pagetable invalidation.
- Zhenwei Pi has fixed some interactions between hwpoisoned pages and
virtualization.
- Tong Tiangen has enabled the use of the presently x86-only
page_table_check debugging feature on arm64 and riscv.
- David Vernet has done some fixup work on the memcg selftests.
- Peter Xu has taught userfaultfd to handle write protection faults
against shmem- and hugetlbfs-backed files.
- More DAMON development from SeongJae Park - adding online tuning of
the feature and support for monitoring of fixed virtual address
ranges. Also easier discovery of which monitoring operations are
available.
- Nadav Amit has done some optimization of TLB flushing during
mprotect().
- Neil Brown continues to labor away at improving our swap-over-NFS
support.
- David Hildenbrand has some fixes to anon page COWing versus
get_user_pages().
- Peng Liu fixed some errors in the core hugetlb code.
- Joao Martins has reduced the amount of memory consumed by
device-dax's compound devmaps.
- Some cleanups of the arch-specific pagemap code from Anshuman
Khandual.
- Muchun Song has found and fixed some errors in the TLB flushing of
transparent hugepages.
- Roman Gushchin has done more work on the memcg selftests.
... and, of course, many smaller fixes and cleanups. Notably, the
customary million cleanup serieses from Miaohe Lin"
* tag 'mm-stable-2022-05-25' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (381 commits)
mm: kfence: use PAGE_ALIGNED helper
selftests: vm: add the "settings" file with timeout variable
selftests: vm: add "test_hmm.sh" to TEST_FILES
selftests: vm: check numa_available() before operating "merge_across_nodes" in ksm_tests
selftests: vm: add migration to the .gitignore
selftests/vm/pkeys: fix typo in comment
ksm: fix typo in comment
selftests: vm: add process_mrelease tests
Revert "mm/vmscan: never demote for memcg reclaim"
mm/kfence: print disabling or re-enabling message
include/trace/events/percpu.h: cleanup for "percpu: improve percpu_alloc_percpu event trace"
include/trace/events/mmflags.h: cleanup for "tracing: incorrect gfp_t conversion"
mm: fix a potential infinite loop in start_isolate_page_range()
MAINTAINERS: add Muchun as co-maintainer for HugeTLB
zram: fix Kconfig dependency warning
mm/shmem: fix shmem folio swapoff hang
cgroup: fix an error handling path in alloc_pagecache_max_30M()
mm: damon: use HPAGE_PMD_SIZE
tracing: incorrect isolate_mote_t cast in mm_vmscan_lru_isolate
nodemask.h: fix compilation error with GCC12
...
The comment next to the __assume_kmalloc_alignment definition is not
precise: kmalloc relies on kmem_cache_alloc, so kmalloc technically returns
pointers aligned to both ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN and ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN,
not only to ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN.
(See create_kmalloc_cache()->create_boot_cache()->calculate_alignment()
for SLAB and SLUB and __do_kmalloc_node() for SLOB.)
Clarify the comment.
The assumption specified by __assume_kmalloc_alignment is still correct,
although it can be made stronger. I'll leave this to a separate patch.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/84d8142747230f2015eaf9705ee7c2e1a9f56596.1651161548.git.andreyknvl@google.com
slub_kunit does not expect other debugging flags to be set when running
tests. When SLAB_RED_ZONE flag is set globally, test fails because the
flag affects number of errors reported.
To make slub_kunit unaffected by user specified debugging flags,
introduce SLAB_NO_USER_FLAGS to ignore them. With this flag, only flags
specified in the code are used and others are ignored.
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/Yk0sY9yoJhFEXWOg@hyeyoo
Pull slab updates from Vlastimil Babka:
- A few non-trivial SLUB code cleanups, most notably a refactoring of
deactivate_slab().
- A bunch of trivial changes, such as removal of unused parameters,
making stuff static, and employing helper functions.
* tag 'slab-for-5.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vbabka/slab:
mm: slub: Delete useless parameter of alloc_slab_page()
mm: slab: Delete unused SLAB_DEACTIVATED flag
mm/slub: remove forced_order parameter in calculate_sizes
mm/slub: refactor deactivate_slab()
mm/slub: limit number of node partial slabs only in cache creation
mm/slub: use helper macro __ATTR_XX_MODE for SLAB_ATTR(_RO)
mm/slab_common: use helper function is_power_of_2()
mm/slob: make kmem_cache_boot static
