perf stat: Add JSON output option

CSV output is tricky to format and column layout changes are susceptible
to breaking parsers. New JSON-formatted output has variable names to
identify fields that are consistent and informative, making the output
parseable.

CSV output example:

  1.20,msec,task-clock:u,1204272,100.00,0.697,CPUs utilized
  0,,context-switches:u,1204272,100.00,0.000,/sec
  0,,cpu-migrations:u,1204272,100.00,0.000,/sec
  70,,page-faults:u,1204272,100.00,58.126,K/sec

JSON output example:

  {"counter-value" : "3805.723968", "unit" : "msec", "event" :
  "cpu-clock", "event-runtime" : 3805731510100.00, "pcnt-running"
  : 100.00, "metric-value" : 4.007571, "metric-unit" : "CPUs utilized"}
  {"counter-value" : "6166.000000", "unit" : "", "event" :
  "context-switches", "event-runtime" : 3805723045100.00, "pcnt-running"
  : 100.00, "metric-value" : 1.620191, "metric-unit" : "K/sec"}
  {"counter-value" : "466.000000", "unit" : "", "event" :
  "cpu-migrations", "event-runtime" : 3805727613100.00, "pcnt-running"
  : 100.00, "metric-value" : 122.447136, "metric-unit" : "/sec"}
  {"counter-value" : "208.000000", "unit" : "", "event" :
  "page-faults", "event-runtime" : 3805726799100.00, "pcnt-running"
  : 100.00, "metric-value" : 54.654516, "metric-unit" : "/sec"}

Also added documentation for JSON option.

There is some tidy up of CSV code including a potential memory over run
in the os.nfields set up. To facilitate this an AGGR_MAX value is added.

Committer notes:

Fixed up using PRIu64 to format u64 values, not %lu.

Committer testing:

  ⬢[acme@toolbox perf]$ perf stat -j sleep 1
  {"counter-value" : "0.731750", "unit" : "msec", "event" : "task-clock:u", "event-runtime" : 731750, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 0.000731, "metric-unit" : "CPUs utilized"}
  {"counter-value" : "0.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "context-switches:u", "event-runtime" : 731750, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 0.000000, "metric-unit" : "/sec"}
  {"counter-value" : "0.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "cpu-migrations:u", "event-runtime" : 731750, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 0.000000, "metric-unit" : "/sec"}
  {"counter-value" : "75.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "page-faults:u", "event-runtime" : 731750, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 102.494021, "metric-unit" : "K/sec"}
  {"counter-value" : "578765.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "cycles:u", "event-runtime" : 379366, "pcnt-running" : 49.00, "metric-value" : 0.790933, "metric-unit" : "GHz"}
  {"counter-value" : "1298.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "stalled-cycles-frontend:u", "event-runtime" : 768020, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 0.224271, "metric-unit" : "frontend cycles idle"}
  {"counter-value" : "21984.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "stalled-cycles-backend:u", "event-runtime" : 768020, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 3.798433, "metric-unit" : "backend cycles idle"}
  {"counter-value" : "468197.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "instructions:u", "event-runtime" : 768020, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 0.808959, "metric-unit" : "insn per cycle"}
  {"metric-value" : 0.046955, "metric-unit" : "stalled cycles per insn"}
  {"counter-value" : "103335.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "branches:u", "event-runtime" : 768020, "pcnt-running" : 100.00, "metric-value" : 141.216262, "metric-unit" : "M/sec"}
  {"counter-value" : "2381.000000", "unit" : "", "event" : "branch-misses:u", "event-runtime" : 388654, "pcnt-running" : 50.00, "metric-value" : 2.304156, "metric-unit" : "of all branches"}
  ⬢[acme@toolbox perf]$

Signed-off-by: Claire Jensen <cjense@google.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is>
Cc: Claire Jensen <clairej735@gmail.com>
Cc: Florian Fischer <florian.fischer@muhq.space>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Like Xu <likexu@tencent.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220805200105.2020995-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt

@@ -570,6 +570,27 @@ Additional metrics may be printed with all earlier fields being empty.
 
 include::intel-hybrid.txt[]
 
+JSON FORMAT
+-----------
+
+With -j, perf stat is able to print out a JSON format output
+that can be used for parsing.
+
+- timestamp : optional usec time stamp in fractions of second (with -I)
+- optional aggregate options:
+		- core : core identifier (with --per-core)
+		- die : die identifier (with --per-die)
+		- socket : socket identifier (with --per-socket)
+		- node : node identifier (with --per-node)
+		- thread : thread identifier (with --per-thread)
+- counter-value : counter value
+- unit : unit of the counter value or empty
+- event : event name
+- variance : optional variance if multiple values are collected (with -r)
+- runtime : run time of counter
+- metric-value : optional metric value
+- metric-unit : optional unit of metric
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkperf:perf-top[1], linkperf:perf-list[1]

tools/perf/builtin-stat.c

@@ -1250,6 +1250,8 @@ static struct option stat_options[] = {
 		    "Merge identical named hybrid events"),
 	OPT_STRING('x', "field-separator", &stat_config.csv_sep, "separator",
 		   "print counts with custom separator"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('j', "json-output", &stat_config.json_output,
+		   "print counts in JSON format"),
 	OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &evsel_list, "name",
 		     "monitor event in cgroup name only", parse_stat_cgroups),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "for-each-cgroup", &stat_config.cgroup_list, "name",
@@ -1436,6 +1438,7 @@ static aggr_cpu_id_get_t aggr_mode__get_aggr(enum aggr_mode aggr_mode)
 	case AGGR_GLOBAL:
 	case AGGR_THREAD:
 	case AGGR_UNSET:
+	case AGGR_MAX:
 	default:
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -1460,6 +1463,7 @@ static aggr_get_id_t aggr_mode__get_id(enum aggr_mode aggr_mode)
 	case AGGR_GLOBAL:
 	case AGGR_THREAD:
 	case AGGR_UNSET:
+	case AGGR_MAX:
 	default:
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -1610,6 +1614,7 @@ static aggr_cpu_id_get_t aggr_mode__get_aggr_file(enum aggr_mode aggr_mode)
 	case AGGR_GLOBAL:
 	case AGGR_THREAD:
 	case AGGR_UNSET:
+	case AGGR_MAX:
 	default:
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -1630,6 +1635,7 @@ static aggr_get_id_t aggr_mode__get_id_file(enum aggr_mode aggr_mode)
 	case AGGR_GLOBAL:
 	case AGGR_THREAD:
 	case AGGR_UNSET:
+	case AGGR_MAX:
 	default:
 		return NULL;
 	}

tools/perf/util/stat.c

@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ process_counter_values(struct perf_stat_config *config, struct evsel *evsel,
 		aggr->ena += count->ena;
 		aggr->run += count->run;
 	case AGGR_UNSET:
+	case AGGR_MAX:
 	default:
 		break;
 	}

tools/perf/util/stat.h

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ enum aggr_mode {
 	AGGR_THREAD,
 	AGGR_UNSET,
 	AGGR_NODE,
+	AGGR_MAX
 };
 
 enum {
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ struct perf_stat_config {
 	bool			 no_inherit;
 	bool			 identifier;
 	bool			 csv_output;
+	bool			 json_output;
 	bool			 interval_clear;
 	bool			 metric_only;
 	bool			 null_run;