Simulation now completes the full exchange with a genuine Paxton reader in
password mode, and crypto mode read/write passes Proxmark-to-Proxmark.
Firmware:
- SOF was one bit period short. The lead-in that compensated for the lost
head half bit was removed and nothing replaced it, so readers rejected
every answer with a second START_AUTH. Default is now 6.
- The edge-detect threshold was latched before being measured, so the value
chosen depended on whether the Proxmark was in a field when sim started.
It is now measured on field entry and re-armed when the reader leaves.
- The percentile walk latched on run-scoped variables, so one attempt made
outside a field poisoned every later one.
- Field loss was detected from TIMESTAMP, which is free-running MCU time and
never stalls. Detect it from receive silence instead.
- Frames of a length the protocol does not have no longer reach the state
machine; our own modulation tail was resetting the session and breaking
every write.
- A dropped edge merges two or three reader bit periods into one gap. Those
bits were discarded; they are now recovered by decomposition, which is what
made crypto mode work (AUTH decode 15% -> 100%).
- Threshold selection is limited to 20 and 32 and settles in under 25 ms.
Client:
- lf hitag info printed a hardcoded 0x06 and reported 'Password mode' for
every tag. It now reads page 3, takes -k (4 bytes password, 6 bytes
crypto), and says so when the config cannot be read.
- lf hitag restore: writes a dump back in dependency order - user pages,
then key material, then config last - validates the config byte, and
prints the credential the tag will require afterwards.
- lf hitag crack2 now reports why it failed instead of a bare 'fail'.
- trace list: bit count moved to its own column, relative mode shows a
Frame Delay Time row rather than renaming Start/End, --frame and -r
rejected together.
FeliCa reading was broken on every card tested: 'hf felica reader' returned PM3_ETIMEOUT while the tag was answering correctly. The cause was in the FPGA demodulator, not the ARM.
fpga/hi_flite.v
---------------
Adaptive hysteresis thresholds. The envelope tracker clamped curmin to <= 70 and curmax to >= 180, so curminthres/curmaxthres were pinned near 91/160 no
matter where the signal actually sat. Measured on a RDV4 with the field on, the peak detector idles near 112 and a tag swings it by about +/-35, ie entirely
inside that window - so nothing ever crossed a threshold and every frame demodulated as a constant. The band is now derived from the tracked envelope,
3/16 of its span, floored at +/- 8 to stay clear of the 4..6 counts of carrier ripple.
Matched-filter bit detector. The slicer counted comparator trips (+1 above curmaxthres, -1 below curminthres, repeat the last crossing direction inside
the dead band), so every bit depended on where the band happened to sit. A mispositioned band railed the output to a constant and, since only the stable
branch can recompute thresholds or desync, it stayed that way for the rest of the session. It also discarded amplitude, gaining nothing from 32x
oversampling. Each half-bit is now integrated in the ADC domain and the larger half wins. Thresholds still drive bit phase and the desync, they no longer
decide bit values, so a clipped or mispositioned envelope can no longer rail the output.
Polarity lock guard. try_sync arms part way through a half-bit, so the first decision after arming is meaningless and could latch 'zero' inverted, decoding
the whole frame with the wrong polarity and losing the sync word. Skip the first two decisions; the preamble is 48 bits.
curbit re-timing. The bit decision was made in the bit-phase domain, which is aligned to the tag's edges, but sampled by the SSC in the carrier domain. The
ARM could latch a bit mid-transition at a phase that varied per frame. Both run at 64 carrier periods per bit, so re-timing curbit half an SSP bit away from the
sampling edge is a re-time, not a resample.
Envelope watchdog. FPGA registers persist across PM3 commands - only a bitstream reload clears them - so the tracker could enter a state it never left and the
first command after the client started would work while every one after it failed. Force a re-centre when the demodulator has not reached a known-good idle
for 19.3 ms, held off at the start of each frame so it cannot fire mid-reply.
state is marked (* fsm_extract = 'no' *). The project synthesises with -fsm_style bram; once XST recognised this register as a state machine it placed
the state ROM in a block RAM, and the xc2s30's six were already spoken for. MAP then failed to fit with nothing but a generic 'design is too large' error, no
BITGEN, and no new bitstream.
armsrc/felica.c
---------------
- felica_select_card() returning 4 (response too short for IDm+PMm) fell through to PM3_SUCCESS, so 'hf felica reader' reported an all-zero IDm as a good read.
- After a poll timeout the code still read FelicaFrame; with a stale POLLING_RES and len == 0, check_crc() was handed (len - 2) as a size_t, ie 65534.
- WaitForFelicaReply() could only time out from STATE_UNSYNCD/TRYING_SYNC and would spin forever if a frame never completed.
- felica_sniff() decremented and broke before LogTrace, so '-s 10' logged nine frames and '-s 0' logged none. CRC-failed noise no longer pollutes the trace.
- felica_sendraw() sent no reply at all for some flag combinations, leaving the client blocked until its own timeout.
- Polling used time slot 0 only, so several cards in the field collided forever. Retries now widen the TSN window.
- BuildFliteRdblk() warned about a bad block count and built the frame anyway.
Signal probe
------------
'hf felica raw -p' streams the per-window envelope min and max instead of demodulated bits, so reading distance and coupling can be measured rather than
guessed. This is what told 'tag out of range' apart from 'demodulator not locking', which are otherwise identical from the ARM's point of view.
Measured on a RDV4, both cards previously unreadable:
FeliCa Standard RC-S830 (CJRC 0003): reader 4/4, info 4/4, 39 nodes discovered, dump complete in 2.0 s, 37/40 single polls.
FeliCa Standard RC-S962 (Octopus 8008): reader 10/10, 23 nodes discovered, dump complete in 1.5 s, 40/60 single polls. This one drives the envelope onto the bottom ADC rail; the matched filter reads it anyway.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This adds a new command "hw sethfthresh" to configure the thresholds
used inside the FPGA while demodulating ISO14443A. The thresholds
need to be increased on particularly noisy hardware, such as certain
Chinese PM3 Easy clones.
iceman1001
n-hutton
Antiklesys
libin-ka
douniwan5788
Christian Zietz
Yann GASCUEL
Philippe Teuwen
Alex