dex/storage/kubernetes/storage.go

package kubernetes

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"math/rand"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/kubernetes/k8sapi"
)

const (
	kindAuthCode        = "AuthCode"
	kindAuthRequest     = "AuthRequest"
	kindClient          = "OAuth2Client"
	kindRefreshToken    = "RefreshToken"
	kindKeys            = "SigningKey"
	kindPassword        = "Password"
	kindOfflineSessions = "OfflineSessions"
	kindConnector       = "Connector"
	kindDeviceRequest   = "DeviceRequest"
	kindDeviceToken     = "DeviceToken"
	kindUserIdentity    = "UserIdentity"
	kindAuthSession     = "AuthSession"
)

const (
	resourceAuthCode        = "authcodes"
	resourceAuthRequest     = "authrequests"
	resourceClient          = "oauth2clients"
	resourceRefreshToken    = "refreshtokens"
	resourceKeys            = "signingkeies" // Kubernetes attempts to pluralize.
	resourcePassword        = "passwords"
	resourceOfflineSessions = "offlinesessionses" // Again attempts to pluralize.
	resourceConnector       = "connectors"
	resourceDeviceRequest   = "devicerequests"
	resourceDeviceToken     = "devicetokens"
	resourceUserIdentity    = "useridentities"
	resourceAuthSession     = "authsessions"
)

const (
	crdHandlingEnsure = "ensure"
	crdHandlingCheck  = "check"
)

var _ storage.Storage = (*client)(nil)

const (
	gcResultLimit = 500
)

// Config values for the Kubernetes storage type.
type Config struct {
	InCluster      bool   `json:"inCluster"`
	KubeConfigFile string `json:"kubeConfigFile"`
	// CRDHandling controls how the storage handles Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs).
	// Supported values:
	// - "ensure": Attempt to create all missing CRDs. If any CRD creation fails, initialization fails. (default)
	// - "check": Fail immediately if any CRDs are missing with message "storage is not initialized, CRDs are not created"
	CRDHandling string `json:"crdHandling"`
}

// Open returns a storage using Kubernetes third party resource.
func (c *Config) Open(logger *slog.Logger) (storage.Storage, error) {
	return c.open(logger, false)
}

// open returns a kubernetes client, initializing the third party resources used
// by dex.
//
// waitForResources controls if errors creating the resources cause this method to return
// immediately (used during testing), or if the client will asynchronously retry.
func (c *Config) open(logger *slog.Logger, waitForResources bool) (*client, error) {
	if c.CRDHandling == "" {
		c.CRDHandling = crdHandlingEnsure
	}
	if c.InCluster && (c.KubeConfigFile != "") {
		return nil, errors.New("cannot specify both 'inCluster' and 'kubeConfigFile'")
	}
	if !c.InCluster && (c.KubeConfigFile == "") {
		return nil, errors.New("must specify either 'inCluster' or 'kubeConfigFile'")
	}

	var (
		cluster   k8sapi.Cluster
		user      k8sapi.AuthInfo
		namespace string
		err       error
	)
	if c.InCluster {
		cluster, user, namespace, err = inClusterConfig()
	} else {
		cluster, user, namespace, err = loadKubeConfig(c.KubeConfigFile)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	cli, err := newClient(cluster, user, namespace, logger, c.InCluster, c.CRDHandling)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create client: %v", err)
	}

	if err = cli.detectKubernetesVersion(); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot get kubernetes version: %v", err)
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

	logger.Info("creating custom Kubernetes resources")
	if !cli.registerCustomResources() {
		if waitForResources {
			cancel()
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed creating custom resources")
		}

		// Try to synchronously create the custom resources once. This doesn't mean
		// they'll immediately be available, but ensures that the client will actually try
		// once.
		go func() {
			for {
				if cli.registerCustomResources() {
					return
				}

				select {
				case <-ctx.Done():
					return
				case <-time.After(30 * time.Second):
				}
			}
		}()
	}

	if waitForResources {
		if err := cli.waitForCRDs(ctx); err != nil {
			cancel()
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	// If the client is closed, stop trying to create resources.
	cli.cancel = cancel
	return cli, nil
}

// registerCustomResources attempts to create the custom resources dex
// requires or identifies that they're already enabled. This function creates
// custom resource definitions(CRDs)
// It logs all errors, returning true if the resources were created successfully.
//
// Creating a custom resource does not mean that they'll be immediately available.
func (cli *client) registerCustomResources() bool {
	definitions := customResourceDefinitions(cli.crdAPIVersion)

	// First pass: collect all CRDs that don't exist
	var missingCRDs []k8sapi.CustomResourceDefinition

	for _, r := range definitions {
		var i interface{}
		cli.logger.Info("checking if custom resource has already been created...", "object", r.ObjectMeta.Name)
		if err := cli.listN(r.Spec.Names.Plural, &i, 1); err == nil {
			cli.logger.Info("the custom resource already available, skipping create", "object", r.ObjectMeta.Name)
		} else {
			cli.logger.Info("custom resource not found", "object", r.ObjectMeta.Name, "err", err)
			missingCRDs = append(missingCRDs, r)
		}
	}

	// Second pass: handle missing CRDs based on crdHandling option
	if len(missingCRDs) > 0 {
		cli.logger.Info("found missing CRDs", "count", len(missingCRDs))
		switch cli.crdHandling {
		case crdHandlingCheck:
			// For "check" mode, fail and report that CRDs are not initialized
			cli.logger.Error("storage is not initialized, CRDs are not created", "crdHandling", cli.crdHandling, "missing_count", len(missingCRDs))
			return false
		case crdHandlingEnsure:
			cli.logger.Info("crdHandling is 'ensure', attempting to create missing CRDs")
			for _, r := range missingCRDs {
				resourceName := r.ObjectMeta.Name
				err := cli.postResource(cli.crdAPIVersion, "", "customresourcedefinitions", r)
				if err != nil {
					if !errors.Is(err, storage.ErrAlreadyExists) {
						cli.logger.Error("failed to create custom resource", "object", resourceName, "err", err)
						return false
					}
					cli.logger.Info("custom resource already created", "object", resourceName)
				} else {
					cli.logger.Info("successfully created custom resource", "object", resourceName)
				}
			}
			return true
		default:
			cli.logger.Error("invalid crdHandling value", "value", cli.crdHandling)
			return false
		}
	}

	// All CRDs exist
	return true
}

// waitForCRDs waits for all CRDs to be in a ready state, and is used
// by the tests to synchronize before running conformance.
func (cli *client) waitForCRDs(ctx context.Context) error {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*30)
	defer cancel()

	for _, crd := range customResourceDefinitions(cli.crdAPIVersion) {
		for {
			err := cli.isCRDReady(crd.Name)
			if err == nil {
				break
			}

			cli.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "checking CRD", "err", err)

			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return errors.New("timed out waiting for CRDs to be available")
			case <-time.After(time.Millisecond * 100):
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// isCRDReady determines if a CRD is ready by inspecting its conditions.
func (cli *client) isCRDReady(name string) error {
	var r k8sapi.CustomResourceDefinition
	err := cli.getResource(cli.crdAPIVersion, "", "customresourcedefinitions", name, &r)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("get crd %s: %v", name, err)
	}

	conds := make(map[string]string) // For debugging, keep the conditions around.
	for _, c := range r.Status.Conditions {
		if c.Type == k8sapi.Established && c.Status == k8sapi.ConditionTrue {
			return nil
		}
		conds[string(c.Type)] = string(c.Status)
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("crd %s not ready %#v", name, conds)
}

func (cli *client) Close() error {
	if cli.cancel != nil {
		cli.cancel()
	}
	return nil
}

func (cli *client) CreateAuthRequest(ctx context.Context, a storage.AuthRequest) error {
	return cli.post(resourceAuthRequest, cli.fromStorageAuthRequest(a))
}

func (cli *client) CreateClient(ctx context.Context, c storage.Client) error {
	return cli.post(resourceClient, cli.fromStorageClient(c))
}

func (cli *client) CreateAuthCode(ctx context.Context, c storage.AuthCode) error {
	return cli.post(resourceAuthCode, cli.fromStorageAuthCode(c))
}

func (cli *client) CreatePassword(ctx context.Context, p storage.Password) error {
	return cli.post(resourcePassword, cli.fromStoragePassword(p))
}

func (cli *client) CreateRefresh(ctx context.Context, r storage.RefreshToken) error {
	return cli.post(resourceRefreshToken, cli.fromStorageRefreshToken(r))
}

func (cli *client) CreateOfflineSessions(ctx context.Context, o storage.OfflineSessions) error {
	return cli.post(resourceOfflineSessions, cli.fromStorageOfflineSessions(o))
}

func (cli *client) CreateConnector(ctx context.Context, c storage.Connector) error {
	return cli.post(resourceConnector, cli.fromStorageConnector(c))
}

func (cli *client) GetAuthRequest(ctx context.Context, id string) (storage.AuthRequest, error) {
	var req AuthRequest
	if err := cli.get(resourceAuthRequest, id, &req); err != nil {
		return storage.AuthRequest{}, err
	}
	return toStorageAuthRequest(req), nil
}

func (cli *client) GetAuthCode(ctx context.Context, id string) (storage.AuthCode, error) {
	var code AuthCode
	if err := cli.get(resourceAuthCode, id, &code); err != nil {
		return storage.AuthCode{}, err
	}
	return toStorageAuthCode(code), nil
}

func (cli *client) GetClient(ctx context.Context, id string) (storage.Client, error) {
	c, err := cli.getClient(id)
	if err != nil {
		return storage.Client{}, err
	}
	return toStorageClient(c), nil
}

func (cli *client) getClient(id string) (Client, error) {
	var c Client
	name := cli.idToName(id)
	if err := cli.get(resourceClient, name, &c); err != nil {
		return Client{}, err
	}
	if c.ID != id {
		return Client{}, fmt.Errorf("get client: ID %q mapped to client with ID %q", id, c.ID)
	}
	return c, nil
}

func (cli *client) GetPassword(ctx context.Context, email string) (storage.Password, error) {
	p, err := cli.getPassword(email)
	if err != nil {
		return storage.Password{}, err
	}
	return toStoragePassword(p), nil
}

func (cli *client) getPassword(email string) (Password, error) {
	// TODO(ericchiang): Figure out whose job it is to lowercase emails.
	email = strings.ToLower(email)
	var p Password
	name := cli.idToName(email)
	if err := cli.get(resourcePassword, name, &p); err != nil {
		return Password{}, err
	}
	if email != p.Email {
		return Password{}, fmt.Errorf("get email: email %q mapped to password with email %q", email, p.Email)
	}
	return p, nil
}

func (cli *client) GetKeys(ctx context.Context) (storage.Keys, error) {
	var keys Keys
	if err := cli.get(resourceKeys, keysName, &keys); err != nil {
		return storage.Keys{}, err
	}
	return toStorageKeys(keys), nil
}

func (cli *client) GetRefresh(ctx context.Context, id string) (storage.RefreshToken, error) {
	r, err := cli.getRefreshToken(id)
	if err != nil {
		return storage.RefreshToken{}, err
	}
	return toStorageRefreshToken(r), nil
}

func (cli *client) getRefreshToken(id string) (r RefreshToken, err error) {
	err = cli.get(resourceRefreshToken, id, &r)
	return
}

func (cli *client) GetOfflineSessions(ctx context.Context, userID string, connID string) (storage.OfflineSessions, error) {
	o, err := cli.getOfflineSessions(userID, connID)
	if err != nil {
		return storage.OfflineSessions{}, err
	}
	return toStorageOfflineSessions(o), nil
}

func (cli *client) getOfflineSessions(userID string, connID string) (o OfflineSessions, err error) {
	name := cli.offlineTokenName(userID, connID)
	if err = cli.get(resourceOfflineSessions, name, &o); err != nil {
		return OfflineSessions{}, err
	}
	if userID != o.UserID || connID != o.ConnID {
		return OfflineSessions{}, fmt.Errorf("get offline session: wrong session retrieved")
	}
	return o, nil
}

func (cli *client) GetConnector(ctx context.Context, id string) (storage.Connector, error) {
	var c Connector
	if err := cli.get(resourceConnector, id, &c); err != nil {
		return storage.Connector{}, err
	}
	return toStorageConnector(c), nil
}

func (cli *client) ListClients(ctx context.Context) ([]storage.Client, error) {
	return nil, errors.New("not implemented")
}

func (cli *client) ListRefreshTokens(ctx context.Context) ([]storage.RefreshToken, error) {
	return nil, errors.New("not implemented")
}

func (cli *client) ListPasswords(ctx context.Context) (passwords []storage.Password, err error) {
	var passwordList PasswordList
	if err = cli.list(resourcePassword, &passwordList); err != nil {
		return passwords, fmt.Errorf("failed to list passwords: %v", err)
	}

	for _, password := range passwordList.Passwords {
		passwords = append(passwords, toStoragePassword(password))
	}

	return
}

func (cli *client) ListConnectors(ctx context.Context) (connectors []storage.Connector, err error) {
	var connectorList ConnectorList
	if err = cli.list(resourceConnector, &connectorList); err != nil {
		return connectors, fmt.Errorf("failed to list connectors: %v", err)
	}

	connectors = make([]storage.Connector, len(connectorList.Connectors))
	for i, connector := range connectorList.Connectors {
		connectors[i] = toStorageConnector(connector)
	}

	return
}

func (cli *client) DeleteAuthRequest(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
	return cli.delete(resourceAuthRequest, id)
}

func (cli *client) DeleteAuthCode(ctx context.Context, code string) error {
	return cli.delete(resourceAuthCode, code)
}

func (cli *client) DeleteClient(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
	// Check for hash collision.
	c, err := cli.getClient(id)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return cli.delete(resourceClient, c.ObjectMeta.Name)
}

func (cli *client) DeleteRefresh(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
	return cli.delete(resourceRefreshToken, id)
}

func (cli *client) DeletePassword(ctx context.Context, email string) error {
	// Check for hash collision.
	p, err := cli.getPassword(email)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return cli.delete(resourcePassword, p.ObjectMeta.Name)
}

func (cli *client) DeleteOfflineSessions(ctx context.Context, userID string, connID string) error {
	// Check for hash collision.
	o, err := cli.getOfflineSessions(userID, connID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return cli.delete(resourceOfflineSessions, o.ObjectMeta.Name)
}

func (cli *client) DeleteConnector(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
	return cli.delete(resourceConnector, id)
}

func (cli *client) UpdateRefreshToken(ctx context.Context, id string, updater func(old storage.RefreshToken) (storage.RefreshToken, error)) error {
	lock := newRefreshTokenLock(cli)

	if err := lock.Lock(id); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer lock.Unlock(id)

	return retryOnConflict(ctx, func() error {
		r, err := cli.getRefreshToken(id)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		updated, err := updater(toStorageRefreshToken(r))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		updated.ID = id

		newToken := cli.fromStorageRefreshToken(updated)
		newToken.ObjectMeta = r.ObjectMeta

		return cli.put(resourceRefreshToken, r.ObjectMeta.Name, newToken)
	})
}

func (cli *client) UpdateClient(ctx context.Context, id string, updater func(old storage.Client) (storage.Client, error)) error {
	c, err := cli.getClient(id)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	updated, err := updater(toStorageClient(c))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	updated.ID = c.ID

	newClient := cli.fromStorageClient(updated)
	newClient.ObjectMeta = c.ObjectMeta
	return cli.put(resourceClient, c.ObjectMeta.Name, newClient)
}

func (cli *client) UpdatePassword(ctx context.Context, email string, updater func(old storage.Password) (storage.Password, error)) error {
	p, err := cli.getPassword(email)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	updated, err := updater(toStoragePassword(p))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	updated.Email = p.Email

	newPassword := cli.fromStoragePassword(updated)
	newPassword.ObjectMeta = p.ObjectMeta
	return cli.put(resourcePassword, p.ObjectMeta.Name, newPassword)
}

func (cli *client) UpdateOfflineSessions(ctx context.Context, userID string, connID string, updater func(old storage.OfflineSessions) (storage.OfflineSessions, error)) error {
	return retryOnConflict(ctx, func() error {
		o, err := cli.getOfflineSessions(userID, connID)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		updated, err := updater(toStorageOfflineSessions(o))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		newOfflineSessions := cli.fromStorageOfflineSessions(updated)
		newOfflineSessions.ObjectMeta = o.ObjectMeta
		return cli.put(resourceOfflineSessions, o.ObjectMeta.Name, newOfflineSessions)
	})
}

func (cli *client) UpdateKeys(ctx context.Context, updater func(old storage.Keys) (storage.Keys, error)) error {
	firstUpdate := false
	var keys Keys
	if err := cli.get(resourceKeys, keysName, &keys); err != nil {
		if err != storage.ErrNotFound {
			return err
		}
		firstUpdate = true
	}

	var oldKeys storage.Keys
	if !firstUpdate {
		oldKeys = toStorageKeys(keys)
	}

	updated, err := updater(oldKeys)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	newKeys := cli.fromStorageKeys(updated)
	if firstUpdate {
		err = cli.post(resourceKeys, newKeys)
		if err != nil && errors.Is(err, storage.ErrAlreadyExists) {
			// We need to tolerate conflicts here in case of HA mode.
			cli.logger.Debug("Keys creation failed. It is possible that keys have already been created by another dex instance.", "err", err)
			return errors.New("keys already created by another server instance")
		}

		return err
	}

	newKeys.ObjectMeta = keys.ObjectMeta

	err = cli.put(resourceKeys, keysName, newKeys)
	if isKubernetesAPIConflictError(err) {
		// We need to tolerate conflicts here in case of HA mode.
		// Dex instances run keys rotation at the same time because they use SigningKey.nextRotation CR field as a trigger.
		cli.logger.Debug("Keys rotation failed. It is possible that keys have already been rotated by another dex instance.", "err", err)
		return errors.New("keys already rotated by another server instance")
	}

	return err
}

func (cli *client) UpdateAuthRequest(ctx context.Context, id string, updater func(a storage.AuthRequest) (storage.AuthRequest, error)) error {
	var req AuthRequest
	err := cli.get(resourceAuthRequest, id, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	updated, err := updater(toStorageAuthRequest(req))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	newReq := cli.fromStorageAuthRequest(updated)
	newReq.ObjectMeta = req.ObjectMeta
	return cli.put(resourceAuthRequest, id, newReq)
}

func (cli *client) UpdateConnector(ctx context.Context, id string, updater func(a storage.Connector) (storage.Connector, error)) error {
	return retryOnConflict(ctx, func() error {
		var c Connector
		err := cli.get(resourceConnector, id, &c)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		updated, err := updater(toStorageConnector(c))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		newConn := cli.fromStorageConnector(updated)
		newConn.ObjectMeta = c.ObjectMeta
		return cli.put(resourceConnector, id, newConn)
	})
}

func (cli *client) GarbageCollect(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (result storage.GCResult, err error) {
	var authRequests AuthRequestList
	if err := cli.listN(resourceAuthRequest, &authRequests, gcResultLimit); err != nil {
		return result, fmt.Errorf("failed to list auth requests: %v", err)
	}

	var delErr error
	for _, authRequest := range authRequests.AuthRequests {
		if now.After(authRequest.Expiry) {
			if err := cli.delete(resourceAuthRequest, authRequest.ObjectMeta.Name); err != nil {
				cli.logger.Error("failed to delete auth request", "err", err)
				delErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to delete auth request: %v", err)
			}
			result.AuthRequests++
		}
	}
	if delErr != nil {
		return result, delErr
	}

	var authCodes AuthCodeList
	if err := cli.listN(resourceAuthCode, &authCodes, gcResultLimit); err != nil {
		return result, fmt.Errorf("failed to list auth codes: %v", err)
	}

	for _, authCode := range authCodes.AuthCodes {
		if now.After(authCode.Expiry) {
			if err := cli.delete(resourceAuthCode, authCode.ObjectMeta.Name); err != nil {
				cli.logger.Error("failed to delete auth code", "err", err)
				delErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to delete auth code: %v", err)
			}
			result.AuthCodes++
		}
	}

	var deviceRequests DeviceRequestList
	if err := cli.listN(resourceDeviceRequest, &deviceRequests, gcResultLimit); err != nil {
		return result, fmt.Errorf("failed to list device requests: %v", err)
	}

	for _, deviceRequest := range deviceRequests.DeviceRequests {
		if now.After(deviceRequest.Expiry) {
			if err := cli.delete(resourceDeviceRequest, deviceRequest.ObjectMeta.Name); err != nil {
				cli.logger.Error("failed to delete device request", "err", err)
				delErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to delete device request: %v", err)
			}
			result.DeviceRequests++
		}
	}

	var deviceTokens DeviceTokenList
	if err := cli.listN(resourceDeviceToken, &deviceTokens, gcResultLimit); err != nil {
		return result, fmt.Errorf("failed to list device tokens: %v", err)
	}

	for _, deviceToken := range deviceTokens.DeviceTokens {
		if now.After(deviceToken.Expiry) {
			if err := cli.delete(resourceDeviceToken, deviceToken.ObjectMeta.Name); err != nil {
				cli.logger.Error("failed to delete device token", "err", err)
				delErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to delete device token: %v", err)
			}
			result.DeviceTokens++
		}
	}

	var authSessions AuthSessionList
	if err := cli.listN(resourceAuthSession, &authSessions, gcResultLimit); err != nil {
		return result, fmt.Errorf("failed to list auth sessions: %v", err)
	}

	for _, authSession := range authSessions.AuthSessions {
		if now.After(authSession.AbsoluteExpiry) || now.After(authSession.IdleExpiry) {
			if err := cli.delete(resourceAuthSession, authSession.ObjectMeta.Name); err != nil {
				cli.logger.Error("failed to delete auth session", "err", err)
				delErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to delete auth session: %v", err)
			} else {
				result.AuthSessions++
			}
		}
	}

	if delErr != nil {
		return result, delErr
	}
	return result, delErr
}

func (cli *client) CreateDeviceRequest(ctx context.Context, d storage.DeviceRequest) error {
	return cli.post(resourceDeviceRequest, cli.fromStorageDeviceRequest(d))
}

func (cli *client) GetDeviceRequest(ctx context.Context, userCode string) (storage.DeviceRequest, error) {
	var req DeviceRequest
	if err := cli.get(resourceDeviceRequest, strings.ToLower(userCode), &req); err != nil {
		return storage.DeviceRequest{}, err
	}
	return toStorageDeviceRequest(req), nil
}

func (cli *client) CreateDeviceToken(ctx context.Context, t storage.DeviceToken) error {
	return cli.post(resourceDeviceToken, cli.fromStorageDeviceToken(t))
}

func (cli *client) GetDeviceToken(ctx context.Context, deviceCode string) (storage.DeviceToken, error) {
	var token DeviceToken
	if err := cli.get(resourceDeviceToken, deviceCode, &token); err != nil {
		return storage.DeviceToken{}, err
	}
	return toStorageDeviceToken(token), nil
}

func (cli *client) getDeviceToken(deviceCode string) (t DeviceToken, err error) {
	err = cli.get(resourceDeviceToken, deviceCode, &t)
	return
}

func (cli *client) UpdateDeviceToken(ctx context.Context, deviceCode string, updater func(old storage.DeviceToken) (storage.DeviceToken, error)) error {
	return retryOnConflict(ctx, func() error {
		r, err := cli.getDeviceToken(deviceCode)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		updated, err := updater(toStorageDeviceToken(r))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		updated.DeviceCode = deviceCode

		newToken := cli.fromStorageDeviceToken(updated)
		newToken.ObjectMeta = r.ObjectMeta
		return cli.put(resourceDeviceToken, r.ObjectMeta.Name, newToken)
	})
}

func (cli *client) CreateUserIdentity(ctx context.Context, u storage.UserIdentity) error {
	return cli.post(resourceUserIdentity, cli.fromStorageUserIdentity(u))
}

func (cli *client) GetUserIdentity(ctx context.Context, userID, connectorID string) (storage.UserIdentity, error) {
	u, err := cli.getUserIdentity(userID, connectorID)
	if err != nil {
		return storage.UserIdentity{}, err
	}
	return toStorageUserIdentity(u), nil
}

func (cli *client) getUserIdentity(userID, connectorID string) (u UserIdentity, err error) {
	name := cli.offlineTokenName(userID, connectorID)
	if err = cli.get(resourceUserIdentity, name, &u); err != nil {
		return UserIdentity{}, err
	}
	if userID != u.UserID || connectorID != u.ConnectorID {
		return UserIdentity{}, fmt.Errorf("get user identity: wrong identity retrieved")
	}
	return u, nil
}

func (cli *client) UpdateUserIdentity(ctx context.Context, userID, connectorID string, updater func(old storage.UserIdentity) (storage.UserIdentity, error)) error {
	return retryOnConflict(ctx, func() error {
		u, err := cli.getUserIdentity(userID, connectorID)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		updated, err := updater(toStorageUserIdentity(u))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		newUserIdentity := cli.fromStorageUserIdentity(updated)
		newUserIdentity.ObjectMeta = u.ObjectMeta
		return cli.put(resourceUserIdentity, u.ObjectMeta.Name, newUserIdentity)
	})
}

func (cli *client) DeleteUserIdentity(ctx context.Context, userID, connectorID string) error {
	// Check for hash collision.
	u, err := cli.getUserIdentity(userID, connectorID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return cli.delete(resourceUserIdentity, u.ObjectMeta.Name)
}

func (cli *client) ListUserIdentities(ctx context.Context) ([]storage.UserIdentity, error) {
	var userIdentityList UserIdentityList
	if err := cli.list(resourceUserIdentity, &userIdentityList); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list user identities: %v", err)
	}

	userIdentities := make([]storage.UserIdentity, len(userIdentityList.UserIdentities))
	for i, u := range userIdentityList.UserIdentities {
		userIdentities[i] = toStorageUserIdentity(u)
	}

	return userIdentities, nil
}

func (cli *client) CreateAuthSession(ctx context.Context, s storage.AuthSession) error {
	return cli.post(resourceAuthSession, cli.fromStorageAuthSession(s))
}

func (cli *client) getAuthSession(userID, connectorID string) (AuthSession, error) {
	var s AuthSession
	name := offlineTokenName(userID, connectorID, cli.hash)
	if err := cli.get(resourceAuthSession, name, &s); err != nil {
		return AuthSession{}, err
	}
	return s, nil
}

func (cli *client) GetAuthSession(ctx context.Context, userID, connectorID string) (storage.AuthSession, error) {
	s, err := cli.getAuthSession(userID, connectorID)
	if err != nil {
		return storage.AuthSession{}, err
	}
	return toStorageAuthSession(s), nil
}

func (cli *client) UpdateAuthSession(ctx context.Context, userID, connectorID string, updater func(old storage.AuthSession) (storage.AuthSession, error)) error {
	return retryOnConflict(ctx, func() error {
		s, err := cli.getAuthSession(userID, connectorID)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		updated, err := updater(toStorageAuthSession(s))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		newSession := cli.fromStorageAuthSession(updated)
		newSession.ObjectMeta = s.ObjectMeta
		return cli.put(resourceAuthSession, s.ObjectMeta.Name, newSession)
	})
}

func (cli *client) ListAuthSessions(ctx context.Context) ([]storage.AuthSession, error) {
	var authSessionList AuthSessionList
	if err := cli.list(resourceAuthSession, &authSessionList); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list auth sessions: %v", err)
	}

	sessions := make([]storage.AuthSession, len(authSessionList.AuthSessions))
	for i, s := range authSessionList.AuthSessions {
		sessions[i] = toStorageAuthSession(s)
	}

	return sessions, nil
}

func (cli *client) DeleteAuthSession(ctx context.Context, userID, connectorID string) error {
	s, err := cli.getAuthSession(userID, connectorID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return cli.delete(resourceAuthSession, s.ObjectMeta.Name)
}

func isKubernetesAPIConflictError(err error) bool {
	if httpErr, ok := err.(httpError); ok {
		if httpErr.StatusCode() == http.StatusConflict {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func retryOnConflict(ctx context.Context, action func() error) error {
	policy := []int{10, 20, 100, 300, 600}

	attempts := 0
	getNextStep := func() time.Duration {
		step := policy[attempts]
		return time.Duration(step*5+rand.Intn(step)) * time.Microsecond
	}

	if err := action(); err == nil || !isKubernetesAPIConflictError(err) {
		return err
	}

	for {
		select {
		case <-time.After(getNextStep()):
			err := action()
			if err == nil || !isKubernetesAPIConflictError(err) {
				return err
			}

			attempts++
			if attempts >= 4 {
				return fmt.Errorf("maximum timeout reached while retrying a conflicted request: %w", err)
			}
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return errors.New("canceled")
		}
	}
}