69 lines
2.6 KiB
XML
69 lines
2.6 KiB
XML
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<clause number="8.7.3" title="Methods" informative="true">
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<paragraph>A method is a member that implements a computation or action that can be performed by an object or class. Methods have a (possibly empty) list of formal parameters, a return value (unless the method's <non_terminal where="17.5">return-type</non_terminal> is <keyword>void</keyword>), and are either static or non-static. Static methods are accessed through the class. Non-static methods, which are also called instance methods, are accessed through instances of the class. The example <code_example><![CDATA[
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using System;
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public class Stack
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{
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public static Stack Clone(Stack s) {...}
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public static Stack Flip(Stack s) {...}
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public object Pop() {...}
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public void Push(object o) {...}
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public override string ToString() {...}
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...
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}
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class Test
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{
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static void Main() {
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Stack s = new Stack();
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for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
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s.Push(i);
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Stack flipped = Stack.Flip(s);
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Stack cloned = Stack.Clone(s);
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Console.WriteLine("Original stack: " + s.ToString());
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Console.WriteLine("Flipped stack: " + flipped.ToString());
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Console.WriteLine("Cloned stack: " + cloned.ToString());
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}
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}
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]]></code_example>shows a Stack that has several static methods (Clone and Flip) and several instance methods (Pop, Push, and ToString). </paragraph>
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<paragraph>Methods can be overloaded, which means that multiple methods may have the same name so long as they have unique signatures. The signature of a method consists of the name of the method and the number, modifiers, and types of its formal parameters. The signature of a method does not include the return type. The example <code_example><![CDATA[
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using System;
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class Test
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{
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static void F() {
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Console.WriteLine("F()");
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}
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static void F(object o) {
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Console.WriteLine("F(object)");
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}
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static void F(int value) {
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Console.WriteLine("F(int)");
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}
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static void F(ref int value) {
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Console.WriteLine("F(ref int)");
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}
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static void F(int a, int b) {
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Console.WriteLine("F(int, int)");
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}
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static void F(int[] values) {
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Console.WriteLine("F(int[])");
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}
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static void Main() {
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F();
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F(1);
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int i = 10;
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F(ref i);
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F((object)1);
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F(1, 2);
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F(new int[] {1, 2, 3});
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}
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}
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]]></code_example>shows a class with a number of methods called F. The output produced is <code_example><![CDATA[
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F()
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F(int)
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F(ref int)
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F(object)
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F(int, int)
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F(int[])
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]]></code_example></paragraph>
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</clause>
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