diff --git a/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers.py b/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers.py
index af43e941..025a7403 100644
--- a/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers.py
+++ b/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers.py
@@ -4,13 +4,20 @@
 from ucryptolib import aes
 
 class Cipher:
+
     """Emulates cryptography's Cipher for AES encryption/decryption."""
     def __init__(self, algorithm, mode):
         self.algorithm = algorithm
         self.mode = mode
         self._key = algorithm.key
         self._iv = mode.iv if mode.iv is not None else b'\x00' * 16
-        self._cipher = aes(self._key, 1)  # Mode 1 = CBC
+        self.mode_cbc = 2 # CBC, include IV
+        #print(f"Cipher init: key length = {len(self._key)} bytes (AES-{len(self._key)*8}), IV = {self._iv.hex()}")
+        if len(self._key) not in (16, 24, 32):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid key length: {len(self._key)} bytes")
+        if len(self._iv) != 16:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid IV length: {len(self._iv)} bytes")
+        self._cipher = aes(self._key, self.mode_cbc, self._iv)
 
     def encryptor(self):
         return Encryptor(self._cipher, self._iv)
@@ -27,17 +34,17 @@ class Encryptor:
 
     def update(self, data):
         self._buffer.extend(data)
-        # MicroPython's ucryptolib processes full blocks
         block_size = 16  # AES block size
         if len(self._buffer) >= block_size:
             to_process = self._buffer[:len(self._buffer) - (len(self._buffer) % block_size)]
             self._buffer = self._buffer[len(to_process):]
+            print(f"Encryptor.update processing: {to_process.hex()}")
             return self._cipher.encrypt(to_process)
         return b''
 
     def finalize(self):
         if self._buffer:
-            # Pad remaining data if needed (handled by caller with PKCS7)
+            print(f"Encryptor.finalize processing: {self._buffer.hex()}")
             return self._cipher.encrypt(self._buffer)
         return b''
 
@@ -54,11 +61,13 @@ class Decryptor:
         if len(self._buffer) >= block_size:
             to_process = self._buffer[:len(self._buffer) - (len(self._buffer) % block_size)]
             self._buffer = self._buffer[len(to_process):]
+            #print(f"Decryptor.update processing: {to_process.hex()}")
             return self._cipher.decrypt(to_process)
         return b''
 
     def finalize(self):
         if self._buffer:
+            #print(f"Decryptor.finalize processing: {self._buffer.hex()}")
             return self._cipher.decrypt(self._buffer)
         return b''
 
diff --git a/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py b/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py
index ceae907f..17ae651f 100644
--- a/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py
+++ b/internal_filesystem/lib/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py
@@ -2,40 +2,12 @@
 # Implements PKCS7 padding and unpadding
 
 def _byte_padding_check(block_size):
-    """Validate block size for padding."""
     if not (0 <= block_size <= 2040):
         raise ValueError("block_size must be in range(0, 2041).")
     if block_size % 8 != 0:
         raise ValueError("block_size must be a multiple of 8.")
 
 class PKCS7PaddingContext:
-    """Handles PKCS7 padding."""
-    def __init__(self, block_size):
-        _byte_padding_check(block_size)
-        self.block_size = block_size // 8  # Convert bits to bytes
-        self._buffer = bytearray()
-
-    def update(self, data):
-        self._buffer.extend(data)
-        # Return full blocks
-        block_size = self.block_size
-        if len(self._buffer) >= block_size:
-            to_return = self._buffer[:len(self._buffer) - (len(self._buffer) % block_size)]
-            self._buffer = self._buffer[len(to_return):]
-            return to_return
-        return b''
-
-    def finalize(self):
-        # Pad with bytes equal to padding length
-        pad_length = self.block_size - (len(self._buffer) % self.block_size)
-        padding = bytes([pad_length] * pad_length)
-        self._buffer.extend(padding)
-        result = bytes(self._buffer)
-        self._buffer = bytearray()
-        return result
-
-class PKCS7UnpaddingContext:
-    """Handles PKCS7 unpadding."""
     def __init__(self, block_size):
         _byte_padding_check(block_size)
         self.block_size = block_size // 8
@@ -43,28 +15,59 @@ class PKCS7UnpaddingContext:
 
     def update(self, data):
         self._buffer.extend(data)
-        # Only process complete blocks
         block_size = self.block_size
         if len(self._buffer) >= block_size:
             to_return = self._buffer[:len(self._buffer) - (len(self._buffer) % block_size)]
             self._buffer = self._buffer[len(to_return):]
+            print(f"PKCS7PaddingContext.update returning: {to_return.hex()}")
             return to_return
+        print(f"PKCS7PaddingContext.update buffer: {self._buffer.hex()}")
         return b''
 
     def finalize(self):
-        if not self._buffer or len(self._buffer) % self.block_size != 0:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid padding")
-        pad_length = self._buffer[-1]
-        if pad_length > self.block_size or pad_length == 0:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid padding")
-        if self._buffer[-pad_length:] != bytes([pad_length] * pad_length):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid padding")
-        result = bytes(self._buffer[:-pad_length])
+        pad_length = self.block_size - (len(self._buffer) % self.block_size)
+        padding = bytes([pad_length] * pad_length)
+        self._buffer.extend(padding)
+        result = bytes(self._buffer)
+        print(f"PKCS7PaddingContext.finalize pad_length: {pad_length}, padding: {padding.hex()}, result: {result.hex()}")
         self._buffer = bytearray()
         return result
 
+class PKCS7UnpaddingContext:
+    def __init__(self, block_size):
+        _byte_padding_check(block_size)
+        self.block_size = block_size // 8
+        self._buffer = bytearray()
+
+    def update(self, data):
+        self._buffer.extend(data)
+        print(f"unpadder self._buffer is {self._buffer.hex()}")
+        block_size = self.block_size
+        # Return all complete blocks except the last one
+        if len(self._buffer) >= block_size * 2:  # At least two blocks
+            to_return = self._buffer[:len(self._buffer) - block_size]
+            self._buffer = self._buffer[len(to_return):]
+            print(f"unpadder self._buffer is now {self._buffer.hex()} and returning {to_return.hex()}")
+            return to_return
+        print(f"unpadder self._buffer retained: {self._buffer.hex()}")
+        return b''
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        print(f"unpadder finalize self._buffer: {self._buffer.hex()}")
+        if not self._buffer or len(self._buffer) % self.block_size != 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid padding A: buffer {self._buffer.hex()}, length {len(self._buffer)}, remainder {len(self._buffer) % self.block_size}")
+        pad_length = self._buffer[-1]
+        print(f"unpadder finalize pad_length: {pad_length}, last {pad_length} bytes: {self._buffer[-pad_length:].hex()}")
+        if pad_length > self.block_size or pad_length == 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid padding B: pad_length {pad_length}")
+        if self._buffer[-pad_length:] != bytes([pad_length] * pad_length):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid padding C: expected {pad_length} bytes of {pad_length:02x}, got {self._buffer[-pad_length:].hex()}")
+        result = bytes(self._buffer[:-pad_length])
+        self._buffer = bytearray()
+        print(f"unpadder finalize result: {result.hex()}")
+        return result
+
 class PKCS7:
-    """PKCS7 padding implementation."""
     def __init__(self, block_size):
         _byte_padding_check(block_size)
         self.block_size = block_size