bootcmdline_scan_chosen() fetches the raw flat-DT bootargs property and
passes it straight to bootcmdline_append(). That helper later feeds the
same pointer into strlcat(), which computes strlen(src) before copying.
Flat DT properties are external boot input, and this path does not
prove that bootargs is NUL-terminated within its declared bounds.
Reject unterminated bootargs properties before appending them to the
kernel command line.
Signed-off-by: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "ocfs2: give ocfs2 the ability to reclaim suballocator free bg" saves
disk space by teaching ocfs2 to reclaim suballocator block group
space (Heming Zhao)
- "Add ARRAY_END(), and use it to fix off-by-one bugs" adds the
ARRAY_END() macro and uses it in various places (Alejandro Colomar)
- "vmcoreinfo: support VMCOREINFO_BYTES larger than PAGE_SIZE" makes
the vmcore code future-safe, if VMCOREINFO_BYTES ever exceeds the
page size (Pnina Feder)
- "kallsyms: Prevent invalid access when showing module buildid" cleans
up kallsyms code related to module buildid and fixes an invalid
access crash when printing backtraces (Petr Mladek)
- "Address page fault in ima_restore_measurement_list()" fixes a
kexec-related crash that can occur when booting the second-stage
kernel on x86 (Harshit Mogalapalli)
- "kho: ABI headers and Documentation updates" updates the kexec
handover ABI documentation (Mike Rapoport)
- "Align atomic storage" adds the __aligned attribute to atomic_t and
atomic64_t definitions to get natural alignment of both types on
csky, m68k, microblaze, nios2, openrisc and sh (Finn Thain)
- "kho: clean up page initialization logic" simplifies the page
initialization logic in kho_restore_page() (Pratyush Yadav)
- "Unload linux/kernel.h" moves several things out of kernel.h and into
more appropriate places (Yury Norov)
- "don't abuse task_struct.group_leader" removes the usage of
->group_leader when it is "obviously unnecessary" (Oleg Nesterov)
- "list private v2 & luo flb" adds some infrastructure improvements to
the live update orchestrator (Pasha Tatashin)
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2026-02-12-10-48' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (107 commits)
watchdog/hardlockup: simplify perf event probe and remove per-cpu dependency
procfs: fix missing RCU protection when reading real_parent in do_task_stat()
watchdog/softlockup: fix sample ring index wrap in need_counting_irqs()
kcsan, compiler_types: avoid duplicate type issues in BPF Type Format
kho: fix doc for kho_restore_pages()
tests/liveupdate: add in-kernel liveupdate test
liveupdate: luo_flb: introduce File-Lifecycle-Bound global state
liveupdate: luo_file: Use private list
list: add kunit test for private list primitives
list: add primitives for private list manipulations
delayacct: fix uapi timespec64 definition
panic: add panic_force_cpu= parameter to redirect panic to a specific CPU
netclassid: use thread_group_leader(p) in update_classid_task()
RDMA/umem: don't abuse current->group_leader
drm/pan*: don't abuse current->group_leader
drm/amd: kill the outdated "Only the pthreads threading model is supported" checks
drm/amdgpu: don't abuse current->group_leader
android/binder: use same_thread_group(proc->tsk, current) in binder_mmap()
android/binder: don't abuse current->group_leader
kho: skip memoryless NUMA nodes when reserving scratch areas
...
Remove <linux/hex.h> from <linux/kernel.h> and update all users/callers of
hex.h interfaces to directly #include <linux/hex.h> as part of the process
of putting kernel.h on a diet.
Removing hex.h from kernel.h means that 36K C source files don't have to
pay the price of parsing hex.h for the roughly 120 C source files that
need it.
This change has been build-tested with allmodconfig on most ARCHes. Also,
all users/callers of <linux/hex.h> in the entire source tree have been
updated if needed (if not already #included).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251215005206.2362276-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "kdump: crashkernel reservation from CMA", v5.
This series implements a way to reserve additional crash kernel memory
using CMA.
Currently, all the memory for the crash kernel is not usable by the 1st
(production) kernel. It is also unmapped so that it can't be corrupted by
the fault that will eventually trigger the crash. This makes sense for
the memory actually used by the kexec-loaded crash kernel image and initrd
and the data prepared during the load (vmcoreinfo, ...). However, the
reserved space needs to be much larger than that to provide enough
run-time memory for the crash kernel and the kdump userspace. Estimating
the amount of memory to reserve is difficult. Being too careful makes
kdump likely to end in OOM, being too generous takes even more memory from
the production system. Also, the reservation only allows reserving a
single contiguous block (or two with the "low" suffix). I've seen systems
where this fails because the physical memory is fragmented.
By reserving additional crashkernel memory from CMA, the main crashkernel
reservation can be just large enough to fit the kernel and initrd image,
minimizing the memory taken away from the production system. Most of the
run-time memory for the crash kernel will be memory previously available
to userspace in the production system. As this memory is no longer
wasted, the reservation can be done with a generous margin, making kdump
more reliable. Kernel memory that we need to preserve for dumping is
normally not allocated from CMA, unless it is explicitly allocated as
movable. Currently this is only the case for memory ballooning and zswap.
Such movable memory will be missing from the vmcore. User data is
typically not dumped by makedumpfile. When dumping of user data is
intended this new CMA reservation cannot be used.
There are five patches in this series:
The first adds a new ",cma" suffix to the recenly introduced generic
crashkernel parsing code. parse_crashkernel() takes one more argument to
store the cma reservation size.
The second patch implements reserve_crashkernel_cma() which performs the
reservation. If the requested size is not available in a single range,
multiple smaller ranges will be reserved.
The third patch updates Documentation/, explicitly mentioning the
potential DMA corruption of the CMA-reserved memory.
The fourth patch adds a short delay before booting the kdump kernel,
allowing pending DMA transfers to finish.
The fifth patch enables the functionality for x86 as a proof of
concept. There are just three things every arch needs to do:
- call reserve_crashkernel_cma()
- include the CMA-reserved ranges in the physical memory map
- exclude the CMA-reserved ranges from the memory available
through /proc/vmcore by excluding them from the vmcoreinfo
PT_LOAD ranges.
Adding other architectures is easy and I can do that as soon as this
series is merged.
With this series applied, specifying
crashkernel=100M craskhernel=1G,cma
on the command line will make a standard crashkernel reservation
of 100M, where kexec will load the kernel and initrd.
An additional 1G will be reserved from CMA, still usable by the production
system. The crash kernel will have 1.1G memory available. The 100M can
be reliably predicted based on the size of the kernel and initrd.
The new cma suffix is completely optional. When no
crashkernel=size,cma is specified, everything works as before.
This patch (of 5):
Add a new cma_size parameter to parse_crashkernel(). When not NULL, call
__parse_crashkernel to parse the CMA reservation size from
"crashkernel=size,cma" and store it in cma_size.
Set cma_size to NULL in all calls to parse_crashkernel().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/aEqnxxfLZMllMC8I@dwarf.suse.cz
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/aEqoQckgoTQNULnh@dwarf.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jiri Bohac <jbohac@suse.cz>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Philipp Rudo <prudo@redhat.com>
Cc: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Cc: Tao Liu <ltao@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Pull MIPS updates from Thomas Bogendoerfer:
"Just cleanups and fixes"
* tag 'mips_6.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linux:
MIPS: Alchemy: Fix an out-of-bound access in db1550_dev_setup()
MIPS: Alchemy: Fix an out-of-bound access in db1200_dev_setup()
MIPS: Fix typos
MIPS: Remove unused shadow GPR support from vector irq setup
MIPS: Allow vectored interrupt handler to reside everywhere for 64bit
mips: Set dump-stack arch description
mips: mm: add slab availability checking in ioremap_prot
mips: Optimize max_mapnr init procedure
mips: Fix max_mapnr being uninitialized on early stages
mips: Fix incorrect max_low_pfn adjustment
mips: dmi: Fix early remap on MIPS32
MIPS: compressed: Use correct instruction for 64 bit code
MIPS: SGI-IP27: hubio: fix nasid kernel-doc warning
MAINTAINERS: Add myself as maintainer of the Ralink architecture
max_low_pfn variable is incorrectly adjusted if the kernel is built with
high memory support and the later is detected in a running system, so the
memory which actually can be directly mapped is getting into the highmem
zone. See the ZONE_NORMAL range on my MIPS32r5 system:
> Zone ranges:
> DMA [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000ffffff]
> Normal [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x0000000007ffffff]
> HighMem [mem 0x0000000008000000-0x000000020fffffff]
while the zones are supposed to look as follows:
> Zone ranges:
> DMA [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000ffffff]
> Normal [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x000000001fffffff]
> HighMem [mem 0x0000000020000000-0x000000020fffffff]
Even though the physical memory within the range [0x08000000;0x20000000]
belongs to MMIO on our system, we don't really want it to be considered as
high memory since on MIPS32 that range still can be directly mapped.
Note there might be other problems caused by the max_low_pfn variable
misconfiguration. For instance high_memory variable is initialize with
virtual address corresponding to the max_low_pfn PFN, and by design it
must define the upper bound on direct map memory, then end of the normal
zone. That in its turn potentially may cause problems in accessing the
memory by means of the /dev/mem and /dev/kmem devices.
Let's fix the discovered misconfiguration then. It turns out the commit
a94e4f24ec ("MIPS: init: Drop boot_mem_map") didn't introduce the
max_low_pfn adjustment quite correct. If the kernel is built with high
memory support and the system is equipped with high memory, the
max_low_pfn variable will need to be initialized with PFN of the most
upper directly reachable memory address so the zone normal would be
correctly setup. On MIPS that PFN corresponds to PFN_DOWN(HIGHMEM_START).
If the system is built with no high memory support and one is detected in
the running system, we'll just need to adjust the max_pfn variable to
discard the found high memory from the system and leave the max_low_pfn as
is, since the later will be less than PFN_DOWN(HIGHMEM_START) anyway by
design of the for_each_memblock() loop performed a bit early in the
bootmem_init() method.
Fixes: a94e4f24ec ("MIPS: init: Drop boot_mem_map")
Signed-off-by: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
With the adding, some default ioremap_xx methods defined in
asm-generic/io.h can be used. E.g the default ioremap_uc() returning
NULL.
We also massaged various headers to avoid nested includes.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
[jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com: Massage more headers, fix ioport defines]
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-mips@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Pull tty and serial updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of tty/serial driver changes for 6.7-rc1. Included
in here are:
- console/vgacon cleanups and removals from Arnd
- tty core and n_tty cleanups from Jiri
- lots of 8250 driver updates and cleanups
- sc16is7xx serial driver updates
- dt binding updates
- first set of port lock wrapers from Thomas for the printk fixes
coming in future releases
- other small serial and tty core cleanups and updates
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'tty-6.7-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty: (193 commits)
serdev: Replace custom code with device_match_acpi_handle()
serdev: Simplify devm_serdev_device_open() function
serdev: Make use of device_set_node()
tty: n_gsm: add copyright Siemens Mobility GmbH
tty: n_gsm: fix race condition in status line change on dead connections
serial: core: Fix runtime PM handling for pending tx
vgacon: fix mips/sibyte build regression
dt-bindings: serial: drop unsupported samsung bindings
tty: serial: samsung: drop earlycon support for unsupported platforms
tty: 8250: Add note for PX-835
tty: 8250: Fix IS-200 PCI ID comment
tty: 8250: Add Brainboxes Oxford Semiconductor-based quirks
tty: 8250: Add support for Intashield IX cards
tty: 8250: Add support for additional Brainboxes PX cards
tty: 8250: Fix up PX-803/PX-857
tty: 8250: Fix port count of PX-257
tty: 8250: Add support for Intashield IS-100
tty: 8250: Add support for Brainboxes UP cards
tty: 8250: Add support for additional Brainboxes UC cards
tty: 8250: Remove UC-257 and UC-431
...
To prepare for completely separating the VGA console screen_info from
the one used in EFI/sysfb, rename the vgacon instances and make them
local as much as possible.
ia64 and arm both have confurations with vgacon and efi, but the contents
never overlaps because ia64 has no EFI framebuffer, and arm only has
vga console on legacy platforms without EFI. Renaming these is required
before the EFI screen_info can be moved into drivers/firmware.
The ia64 vga console is actually registered in two places from
setup_arch(), but one of them is wrong, so drop the one in pcdp.c and
fix the one in setup.c to use the correct conditional.
x86 has to keep them together, as the boot protocol is used to switch
between VGA text console and framebuffer through the screen_info data.
Acked-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid@gonehiking.org>
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231009211845.3136536-7-arnd@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
On non-x86 architectures, the screen_info variable is generally only
used for the VGA console where supported, and in some cases the EFI
framebuffer or vga16fb.
Now that we have a definite list of which architectures actually use it
for what, use consistent #ifdef checks so the global variable is only
defined when it is actually used on those architectures.
Loongarch and riscv have no support for vgacon or vga16fb, but
they support EFI firmware, so only that needs to be checked, and the
initialization can be removed because that is handled by EFI.
IA64 has both vgacon and EFI, though EFI apparently never uses
a framebuffer here.
Reviewed-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid@gonehiking.org>
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231009211845.3136536-3-arnd@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Pull x86 boot updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"Initialize FPU late.
Right now FPU is initialized very early during boot. There is no real
requirement to do so. The only requirement is to have it done before
alternatives are patched.
That's done in check_bugs() which does way more than what the function
name suggests.
So first rename check_bugs() to arch_cpu_finalize_init() which makes
it clear what this is about.
Move the invocation of arch_cpu_finalize_init() earlier in
start_kernel() as it has to be done before fork_init() which needs to
know the FPU register buffer size.
With those prerequisites the FPU initialization can be moved into
arch_cpu_finalize_init(), which removes it from the early and fragile
part of the x86 bringup"
* tag 'x86-boot-2023-06-26' of ssh://gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mem_encrypt: Unbreak the AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT=n build
x86/fpu: Move FPU initialization into arch_cpu_finalize_init()
x86/fpu: Mark init functions __init
x86/fpu: Remove cpuinfo argument from init functions
x86/init: Initialize signal frame size late
init, x86: Move mem_encrypt_init() into arch_cpu_finalize_init()
init: Invoke arch_cpu_finalize_init() earlier
init: Remove check_bugs() leftovers
um/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
sparc/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
sh/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
mips/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
m68k/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
loongarch/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
ia64/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
ARM: cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
x86/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
init: Provide arch_cpu_finalize_init()
PAGE_OFFSET is technically a virtual address so when checking the value of
initrd_start against it we should make sure that it has been sanitised from
the values passed by the bootloader. Without this change, even with a bootloader
that passes correct addresses for an initrd, we are failing to load it on MT7621
boards, for example.
Signed-off-by: Liviu Dudau <liviu@dudau.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
If check_bugs_early() is not inlined, which a compiler is free to do
after commit ac7c3e4ff4 ("compiler: enable CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_INLINING
forcibly"), modpost would warn that check_bugs_early(), a non-init
function, refers to check_bugs64_early(), which is marked __init. This
would not result in any run time issues, as check_bugs_early() is only
called from setup_arch(), which is marked __init.
To avoid this potential warning, just sink the body of
check_bugs_early() into its single call site in setup_arch().
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Pull bitmap updates from Yury Norov:
- Fix unsigned comparison to -1 in CPUMAP_FILE_MAX_BYTES (Phil Auld)
- cleanup nr_cpu_ids vs nr_cpumask_bits mess (me)
This series cleans that mess and adds new config FORCE_NR_CPUS that
allows to optimize cpumask subsystem if the number of CPUs is known
at compile-time.
- optimize find_bit() functions (me)
Reworks find_bit() functions based on new FIND_{FIRST,NEXT}_BIT()
macros.
- add find_nth_bit() (me)
Adds find_nth_bit(), which is ~70 times faster than bitcounting with
for_each() loop:
for_each_set_bit(bit, mask, size)
if (n-- == 0)
return bit;
Also adds bitmap_weight_and() to let people replace this pattern:
tmp = bitmap_alloc(nbits);
bitmap_and(tmp, map1, map2, nbits);
weight = bitmap_weight(tmp, nbits);
bitmap_free(tmp);
with a single bitmap_weight_and() call.
- repair cpumask_check() (me)
After switching cpumask to use nr_cpu_ids, cpumask_check() started
generating many false-positive warnings. This series fixes it.
- Add for_each_cpu_andnot() and for_each_cpu_andnot() (Valentin
Schneider)
Extends the API with one more function and applies it in sched/core.
* tag 'bitmap-6.1-rc1' of https://github.com/norov/linux: (28 commits)
sched/core: Merge cpumask_andnot()+for_each_cpu() into for_each_cpu_andnot()
lib/test_cpumask: Add for_each_cpu_and(not) tests
cpumask: Introduce for_each_cpu_andnot()
lib/find_bit: Introduce find_next_andnot_bit()
cpumask: fix checking valid cpu range
lib/bitmap: add tests for for_each() loops
lib/find: optimize for_each() macros
lib/bitmap: introduce for_each_set_bit_wrap() macro
lib/find_bit: add find_next{,_and}_bit_wrap
cpumask: switch for_each_cpu{,_not} to use for_each_bit()
net: fix cpu_max_bits_warn() usage in netif_attrmask_next{,_and}
cpumask: add cpumask_nth_{,and,andnot}
lib/bitmap: remove bitmap_ord_to_pos
lib/bitmap: add tests for find_nth_bit()
lib: add find_nth{,_and,_andnot}_bit()
lib/bitmap: add bitmap_weight_and()
lib/bitmap: don't call __bitmap_weight() in kernel code
tools: sync find_bit() implementation
lib/find_bit: optimize find_next_bit() functions
lib/find_bit: create find_first_zero_bit_le()
...
Nearly all other firmware environments have some way of passing a RNG
seed to initialize the RNG: DTB's rng-seed, EFI's RNG protocol, m68k's
bootinfo block, x86's setup_data, and so forth. This adds something
similar for MIPS, which will allow various firmware environments,
bootloaders, and hypervisors to pass an RNG seed to initialize the
kernel's RNG.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
In preparation to support compile-time nr_cpu_ids, add a setter for
the variable.
This is a no-op for all arches.
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Use memblock_add_node to add new memblock region within a NUMA node
in early_parse_mem() under CONFIG_NUMA, otherwise the mem parameter
can not work well.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
