This patchset fixes and improves stack unwinding a lot:
1. Show backward stack traces with up to 30 callsites
2. Add callinfo to ENTRY_CFI() such that every assembler function will get an
entry in the unwind table
3. Use constants instead of numbers in call_on_stack()
4. Do not depend on CONFIG_KALLSYMS to generate backtraces.
5. Speed up backtrace generation
Make sure you have this patch to GNU as installed:
https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2018-07/msg00474.html
Without this patch, unwind info in the kernel is often wrong for various
functions.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
These duplicate includes have been found with scripts/checkincludes.pl
but they have been removed manually to avoid removing false positives.
Signed-off-by: Pravin Shedge <pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Pull uaccess unification updates from Al Viro:
"This is the uaccess unification pile. It's _not_ the end of uaccess
work, but the next batch of that will go into the next cycle. This one
mostly takes copy_from_user() and friends out of arch/* and gets the
zero-padding behaviour in sync for all architectures.
Dealing with the nocache/writethrough mess is for the next cycle;
fortunately, that's x86-only. Same for cleanups in iov_iter.c (I am
sold on access_ok() in there, BTW; just not in this pile), same for
reducing __copy_... callsites, strn*... stuff, etc. - there will be a
pile about as large as this one in the next merge window.
This one sat in -next for weeks. -3KLoC"
* 'work.uaccess' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (96 commits)
HAVE_ARCH_HARDENED_USERCOPY is unconditional now
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_RAW_COPY_USER is unconditional now
m32r: switch to RAW_COPY_USER
hexagon: switch to RAW_COPY_USER
microblaze: switch to RAW_COPY_USER
get rid of padding, switch to RAW_COPY_USER
ia64: get rid of copy_in_user()
ia64: sanitize __access_ok()
ia64: get rid of 'segment' argument of __do_{get,put}_user()
ia64: get rid of 'segment' argument of __{get,put}_user_check()
ia64: add extable.h
powerpc: get rid of zeroing, switch to RAW_COPY_USER
esas2r: don't open-code memdup_user()
alpha: fix stack smashing in old_adjtimex(2)
don't open-code kernel_setsockopt()
mips: switch to RAW_COPY_USER
mips: get rid of tail-zeroing in primitives
mips: make copy_from_user() zero tail explicitly
mips: clean and reorder the forest of macros...
mips: consolidate __invoke_... wrappers
...
The patch 554bfeceb8 ("parisc: Fix access
fault handling in pa_memcpy()") reimplements the pa_memcpy function.
Unfortunatelly, it makes the kernel unbootable. The crash happens in the
function ide_complete_cmd where memcpy is called with the same source
and destination address.
This patch fixes a few bugs in pa_memcpy:
* When jumping to .Lcopy_loop_16 for the first time, don't skip the
instruction "ldi 31,t0" (this bug made the kernel unbootable)
* Use the COND macro when comparing length, so that the comparison is
64-bit (a theoretical issue, in case the length is greater than
0xffffffff)
* Don't use the COND macro after the "extru" instruction (the PA-RISC
specification says that the upper 32-bits of extru result are undefined,
although they are set to zero in practice)
* Fix exception addresses in .Lcopy16_fault and .Lcopy8_fault
* Rename .Lcopy_loop_4 to .Lcopy_loop_8 (so that it is consistent with
.Lcopy8_fault)
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.9+
Fixes: 554bfeceb8 ("parisc: Fix access fault handling in pa_memcpy()")
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Al Viro noticed that userspace accesses via get_user()/put_user() can be
simplified a lot with regard to usage of the exception handling.
This patch implements a fixup routine for get_user() and put_user() in such
that the exception handler will automatically load -EFAULT into the register
%r8 (the error value) in case on a fault on userspace. Additionally the fixup
routine will zero the target register on fault in case of a get_user() call.
The target register is extracted out of the faulting assembly instruction.
This patch brings a few benefits over the old implementation:
1. Exception handling gets much cleaner, easier and smaller in size.
2. Helper functions like fixup_get_user_skip_1 (all of fixup.S) can be dropped.
3. No need to hardcode %r9 as target register for get_user() any longer. This
helps the compiler register allocator and thus creates less assembler
statements.
4. No dependency on the exception_data contents any longer.
5. Nested faults will be handled cleanly.
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.9+
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
pa_memcpy() is the major memcpy implementation in the parisc kernel which is
used to do any kind of userspace/kernel memory copies.
Al Viro noticed various bugs in the implementation of pa_mempcy(), most notably
that in case of faults it may report back to have copied more bytes than it
actually did.
Fixing those bugs is quite hard in the C-implementation, because the compiler
is messing around with the registers and we are not guaranteed that specific
variables are always in the same processor registers. This makes proper fault
handling complicated.
This patch implements pa_memcpy() in assembler. That way we have correct fault
handling and adding a 64-bit copy routine was quite easy.
Runtime tested with 32- and 64bit kernels.
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.9+
Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace the in order struct initialisation style with explicit field
style.
Signed-off-by: Amitoj Kaur Chawla <amitoj1606@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Add a native implementation for the sched_clock() function which utilizes the
processor-internal cycle counter (Control Register 16) as high-resolution time
source.
With this patch we now get much more fine-grained resolutions in various
in-kernel time measurements (e.g. when viewing the function tracing logs), and
probably a more accurate scheduling on SMP systems.
There are a few specific implementation details in this patch:
1. On a 32bit kernel we emulate the higher 32bits of the required 64-bit
resolution of sched_clock() by increasing a per-cpu counter at every
wrap-around of the 32bit cycle counter.
2. In a SMP system, the cycle counters of the various CPUs are not syncronized
(similiar to the TSC in a x86_64 system). To cope with this we define
HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK and let the upper layers do the adjustment work.
3. Since we need HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK, we need to provide a cmpxchg64()
function even on a 32-bit kernel.
4. A 64-bit SMP kernel which is started on a UP system will mark the
sched_clock() implementation as "stable", which means that we don't expect any
jumps in the returned counter. This is true because we then run only on one
CPU.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Handling exceptions from modules never worked on parisc.
It was just masked by the fact that exceptions from modules
don't happen during normal use.
When a module triggers an exception in get_user() we need to load the
main kernel dp value before accessing the exception_data structure, and
afterwards restore the original dp value of the module on exit.
Noticed-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
gcc (4.8.x) creates wrong code when the pa_memcpy() functions are
inlined. Especially in 32bit builds it calculates wrong return values
if we encounter a fault during execution of the memcpy.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Each CPU has it's own Control Register 16 (CR16) which is used as time source
for the udelay() function. But since the CR16 registers across different CPUs
are not synced, we need to recalculate the loop count if we get switched away
to ensure that we really delay as much time as requested.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Provide a macro ASM_EXCEPTIONTABLE_ENTRY() to create exception table
entries and convert all open-coded places to use that macro.
This patch is a first step toward creating a exception table which only
holds 32bit pointers even on a 64bit kernel. That way in my own kernel
I was able to reduce the in-kernel exception table from 44kB to 22kB.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Helge Deller
Pravin Shedge
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Linus Torvalds
Mikulas Patocka
Al Viro
Amitoj Kaur Chawla
Christoph Lameter