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systemd/src/analyze/analyze-security.c
Yu Watanabe 07e8c3055d tree-wide: drop several doubled space
2023-12-25 02:13:49 +09:00

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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include "af-list.h"
#include "analyze.h"
#include "analyze-security.h"
#include "analyze-verify.h"
#include "bus-error.h"
#include "bus-locator.h"
#include "bus-map-properties.h"
#include "bus-unit-util.h"
#include "bus-util.h"
#include "copy.h"
#include "env-util.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
#include "fileio.h"
#include "format-table.h"
#include "in-addr-prefix-util.h"
#include "locale-util.h"
#include "macro.h"
#include "manager.h"
#include "missing_capability.h"
#include "missing_sched.h"
#include "mkdir.h"
#include "nulstr-util.h"
#include "parse-util.h"
#include "path-util.h"
#include "pretty-print.h"
#include "seccomp-util.h"
#include "service.h"
#include "set.h"
#include "stdio-util.h"
#include "strv.h"
#include "terminal-util.h"
#include "unit-def.h"
#include "unit-name.h"
#include "unit-serialize.h"
typedef struct SecurityInfo {
char *id;
char *type;
char *load_state;
char *fragment_path;
bool default_dependencies;
uint64_t ambient_capabilities;
uint64_t capability_bounding_set;
char *user;
char **supplementary_groups;
bool dynamic_user;
bool ip_address_deny_all;
bool ip_address_allow_localhost;
bool ip_address_allow_other;
bool ip_filters_custom_ingress;
bool ip_filters_custom_egress;
char *keyring_mode;
char *protect_proc;
char *proc_subset;
bool lock_personality;
bool memory_deny_write_execute;
bool no_new_privileges;
char *notify_access;
bool protect_hostname;
bool private_devices;
bool private_mounts;
bool private_network;
bool private_tmp;
bool private_users;
bool protect_control_groups;
bool protect_kernel_modules;
bool protect_kernel_tunables;
bool protect_kernel_logs;
bool protect_clock;
char *protect_home;
char *protect_system;
bool remove_ipc;
bool restrict_address_family_inet;
bool restrict_address_family_unix;
bool restrict_address_family_netlink;
bool restrict_address_family_packet;
bool restrict_address_family_other;
unsigned long long restrict_namespaces;
bool restrict_realtime;
bool restrict_suid_sgid;
char *root_directory;
char *root_image;
bool delegate;
char *device_policy;
char **device_allow;
Set *system_call_architectures;
bool system_call_filter_allow_list;
Set *system_call_filter;
mode_t _umask;
} SecurityInfo;
struct security_assessor {
const char *id;
const char *json_field;
const char *description_good;
const char *description_bad;
const char *description_na;
const char *url;
uint64_t weight;
uint64_t range;
int (*assess)(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description);
size_t offset;
uint64_t parameter;
bool default_dependencies_only;
};
static SecurityInfo *security_info_new(void) {
SecurityInfo *info = new(SecurityInfo, 1);
if (!info)
return NULL;
*info = (SecurityInfo) {
.default_dependencies = true,
.capability_bounding_set = UINT64_MAX,
.restrict_namespaces = UINT64_MAX,
._umask = 0002,
};
return info;
}
static SecurityInfo *security_info_free(SecurityInfo *i) {
if (!i)
return NULL;
free(i->id);
free(i->type);
free(i->load_state);
free(i->fragment_path);
free(i->user);
free(i->protect_home);
free(i->protect_system);
free(i->root_directory);
free(i->root_image);
free(i->keyring_mode);
free(i->protect_proc);
free(i->proc_subset);
free(i->notify_access);
free(i->device_policy);
strv_free(i->device_allow);
strv_free(i->supplementary_groups);
set_free(i->system_call_architectures);
set_free(i->system_call_filter);
return mfree(i);
}
DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(SecurityInfo*, security_info_free);
static bool security_info_runs_privileged(const SecurityInfo *i) {
assert(i);
if (STRPTR_IN_SET(i->user, "0", "root"))
return true;
if (i->dynamic_user)
return false;
return isempty(i->user);
}
static int assess_bool(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
const bool *b = ASSERT_PTR(data);
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = a->parameter ? *b : !*b;
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_user(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
_cleanup_free_ char *d = NULL;
uint64_t b;
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (streq_ptr(info->user, NOBODY_USER_NAME)) {
d = strdup("Service runs under as '" NOBODY_USER_NAME "' user, which should not be used for services");
b = 9;
} else if (info->dynamic_user && !STR_IN_SET(info->user, "0", "root")) {
d = strdup("Service runs under a transient non-root user identity");
b = 0;
} else if (info->user && !STR_IN_SET(info->user, "0", "root", "")) {
d = strdup("Service runs under a static non-root user identity");
b = 0;
} else {
*ret_badness = 10;
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
if (!d)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = b;
*ret_description = TAKE_PTR(d);
return 0;
}
static int assess_protect_home(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
const char *description;
uint64_t badness;
char *copy;
int r;
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
badness = 10;
description = "Service has full access to home directories";
r = parse_boolean(info->protect_home);
if (r < 0) {
if (streq_ptr(info->protect_home, "read-only")) {
badness = 5;
description = "Service has read-only access to home directories";
} else if (streq_ptr(info->protect_home, "tmpfs")) {
badness = 1;
description = "Service has access to fake empty home directories";
}
} else if (r > 0) {
badness = 0;
description = "Service has no access to home directories";
}
copy = strdup(description);
if (!copy)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = badness;
*ret_description = copy;
return 0;
}
static int assess_protect_system(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
const char *description;
uint64_t badness;
char *copy;
int r;
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
badness = 10;
description = "Service has full access to the OS file hierarchy";
r = parse_boolean(info->protect_system);
if (r < 0) {
if (streq_ptr(info->protect_system, "full")) {
badness = 3;
description = "Service has very limited write access to the OS file hierarchy";
} else if (streq_ptr(info->protect_system, "strict")) {
badness = 0;
description = "Service has strict read-only access to the OS file hierarchy";
}
} else if (r > 0) {
badness = 5;
description = "Service has limited write access to the OS file hierarchy";
}
copy = strdup(description);
if (!copy)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = badness;
*ret_description = copy;
return 0;
}
static int assess_root_directory(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness =
empty_or_root(info->root_directory) &&
empty_or_root(info->root_image);
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_capability_bounding_set(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = !!(info->capability_bounding_set & a->parameter);
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_umask(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
char *copy = NULL;
const char *d;
uint64_t b;
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0002)) {
d = "Files created by service are world-writable by default";
b = 10;
} else if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0004)) {
d = "Files created by service are world-readable by default";
b = 5;
} else if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0020)) {
d = "Files created by service are group-writable by default";
b = 2;
} else if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0040)) {
d = "Files created by service are group-readable by default";
b = 1;
} else {
d = "Files created by service are accessible only by service's own user by default";
b = 0;
}
copy = strdup(d);
if (!copy)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = b;
*ret_description = copy;
return 0;
}
static int assess_keyring_mode(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = !streq_ptr(info->keyring_mode, "private");
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_protect_proc(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (streq_ptr(info->protect_proc, "noaccess"))
*ret_badness = 1;
else if (STRPTR_IN_SET(info->protect_proc, "invisible", "ptraceable"))
*ret_badness = 0;
else
*ret_badness = 3;
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_proc_subset(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = !streq_ptr(info->proc_subset, "pid");
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_notify_access(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = streq_ptr(info->notify_access, "all");
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_remove_ipc(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (security_info_runs_privileged(info))
*ret_badness = UINT64_MAX;
else
*ret_badness = !info->remove_ipc;
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_supplementary_groups(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (security_info_runs_privileged(info))
*ret_badness = UINT64_MAX;
else
*ret_badness = !strv_isempty(info->supplementary_groups);
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static int assess_restrict_namespaces(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = !!(info->restrict_namespaces & a->parameter);
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
#if HAVE_SECCOMP
static int assess_system_call_architectures(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
char *d;
uint64_t b;
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (set_isempty(info->system_call_architectures)) {
b = 10;
d = strdup("Service may execute system calls with all ABIs");
} else if (set_contains(info->system_call_architectures, "native") &&
set_size(info->system_call_architectures) == 1) {
b = 0;
d = strdup("Service may execute system calls only with native ABI");
} else {
b = 8;
d = strdup("Service may execute system calls with multiple ABIs");
}
if (!d)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = b;
*ret_description = d;
return 0;
}
static bool syscall_names_in_filter(Set *s, bool allow_list, const SyscallFilterSet *f, const char **ret_offending_syscall) {
NULSTR_FOREACH(syscall, f->value) {
if (syscall[0] == '@') {
const SyscallFilterSet *g;
assert_se(g = syscall_filter_set_find(syscall));
if (syscall_names_in_filter(s, allow_list, g, ret_offending_syscall))
return true; /* bad! */
continue;
}
/* Let's see if the system call actually exists on this platform, before complaining */
if (seccomp_syscall_resolve_name(syscall) < 0)
continue;
if (set_contains(s, syscall) == allow_list) {
log_debug("Offending syscall filter item: %s", syscall);
if (ret_offending_syscall)
*ret_offending_syscall = syscall;
return true; /* bad! */
}
}
*ret_offending_syscall = NULL;
return false;
}
static int assess_system_call_filter(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(a);
assert(info);
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
assert(a->parameter < _SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MAX);
const SyscallFilterSet *f = syscall_filter_sets + a->parameter;
_cleanup_free_ char *d = NULL;
uint64_t b;
int r;
if (!info->system_call_filter_allow_list && set_isempty(info->system_call_filter)) {
r = free_and_strdup(&d, "Service does not filter system calls");
b = 10;
} else {
bool bad;
const char *offender = NULL;
log_debug("Analyzing system call filter, checking against: %s", f->name);
bad = syscall_names_in_filter(info->system_call_filter, info->system_call_filter_allow_list, f, &offender);
log_debug("Result: %s", bad ? "bad" : "good");
if (info->system_call_filter_allow_list) {
if (bad) {
r = asprintf(&d, "System call allow list defined for service, and %s is included "
"(e.g. %s is allowed)",
f->name, offender);
b = 9;
} else {
r = asprintf(&d, "System call allow list defined for service, and %s is not included",
f->name);
b = 0;
}
} else {
if (bad) {
r = asprintf(&d, "System call deny list defined for service, and %s is not included "
"(e.g. %s is allowed)",
f->name, offender);
b = 10;
} else {
r = asprintf(&d, "System call deny list defined for service, and %s is included",
f->name);
b = 0;
}
}
}
if (r < 0)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = b;
*ret_description = TAKE_PTR(d);
return 0;
}
#endif
static int assess_ip_address_allow(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
char *d = NULL;
uint64_t b;
assert(info);
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (info->ip_filters_custom_ingress || info->ip_filters_custom_egress) {
d = strdup("Service defines custom ingress/egress IP filters with BPF programs");
b = 0;
} else if (!info->ip_address_deny_all) {
d = strdup("Service does not define an IP address allow list");
b = 10;
} else if (info->ip_address_allow_other) {
d = strdup("Service defines IP address allow list with non-localhost entries");
b = 5;
} else if (info->ip_address_allow_localhost) {
d = strdup("Service defines IP address allow list with only localhost entries");
b = 2;
} else {
d = strdup("Service blocks all IP address ranges");
b = 0;
}
if (!d)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = b;
*ret_description = d;
return 0;
}
static int assess_device_allow(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
char *d = NULL;
uint64_t b;
assert(info);
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
if (STRPTR_IN_SET(info->device_policy, "strict", "closed")) {
if (!strv_isempty(info->device_allow)) {
_cleanup_free_ char *join = NULL;
join = strv_join(info->device_allow, " ");
if (!join)
return log_oom();
d = strjoin("Service has a device ACL with some special devices: ", join);
b = 5;
} else {
d = strdup("Service has a minimal device ACL");
b = 0;
}
} else {
d = strdup("Service has no device ACL");
b = 10;
}
if (!d)
return log_oom();
*ret_badness = b;
*ret_description = d;
return 0;
}
static int assess_ambient_capabilities(
const struct security_assessor *a,
const SecurityInfo *info,
const void *data,
uint64_t *ret_badness,
char **ret_description) {
assert(ret_badness);
assert(ret_description);
*ret_badness = info->ambient_capabilities != 0;
*ret_description = NULL;
return 0;
}
static const struct security_assessor security_assessor_table[] = {
{
.id = "User=/DynamicUser=",
.json_field = "UserOrDynamicUser",
.description_bad = "Service runs as root user",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#User=",
.weight = 2000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_user,
},
{
.id = "SupplementaryGroups=",
.json_field = "SupplementaryGroups",
.description_good = "Service has no supplementary groups",
.description_bad = "Service runs with supplementary groups",
.description_na = "Service runs as root, option does not matter",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SupplementaryGroups=",
.weight = 200,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_supplementary_groups,
},
{
.id = "PrivateDevices=",
.json_field = "PrivateDevices",
.description_good = "Service has no access to hardware devices",
.description_bad = "Service potentially has access to hardware devices",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateDevices=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_devices),
},
{
.id = "PrivateMounts=",
.json_field = "PrivateMounts",
.description_good = "Service cannot install system mounts",
.description_bad = "Service may install system mounts",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateMounts=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_mounts),
},
{
.id = "PrivateNetwork=",
.json_field = "PrivateNetwork",
.description_good = "Service has no access to the host's network",
.description_bad = "Service has access to the host's network",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateNetwork=",
.weight = 2500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_network),
},
{
.id = "PrivateTmp=",
.json_field = "PrivateTmp",
.description_good = "Service has no access to other software's temporary files",
.description_bad = "Service has access to other software's temporary files",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateTmp=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_tmp),
.default_dependencies_only = true,
},
{
.id = "PrivateUsers=",
.json_field = "PrivateUsers",
.description_good = "Service does not have access to other users",
.description_bad = "Service has access to other users",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateUsers=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_users),
},
{
.id = "ProtectControlGroups=",
.json_field = "ProtectControlGroups",
.description_good = "Service cannot modify the control group file system",
.description_bad = "Service may modify the control group file system",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectControlGroups=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_control_groups),
},
{
.id = "ProtectKernelModules=",
.json_field = "ProtectKernelModules",
.description_good = "Service cannot load or read kernel modules",
.description_bad = "Service may load or read kernel modules",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectKernelModules=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_kernel_modules),
},
{
.id = "ProtectKernelTunables=",
.json_field = "ProtectKernelTunables",
.description_good = "Service cannot alter kernel tunables (/proc/sys, …)",
.description_bad = "Service may alter kernel tunables",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectKernelTunables=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_kernel_tunables),
},
{
.id = "ProtectKernelLogs=",
.json_field = "ProtectKernelLogs",
.description_good = "Service cannot read from or write to the kernel log ring buffer",
.description_bad = "Service may read from or write to the kernel log ring buffer",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectKernelLogs=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_kernel_logs),
},
{
.id = "ProtectClock=",
.json_field = "ProtectClock",
.description_good = "Service cannot write to the hardware clock or system clock",
.description_bad = "Service may write to the hardware clock or system clock",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectClock=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_clock),
},
{
.id = "ProtectHome=",
.json_field = "ProtectHome",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectHome=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_protect_home,
.default_dependencies_only = true,
},
{
.id = "ProtectHostname=",
.json_field = "ProtectHostname",
.description_good = "Service cannot change system host/domainname",
.description_bad = "Service may change system host/domainname",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectHostname=",
.weight = 50,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_hostname),
},
{
.id = "ProtectSystem=",
.json_field = "ProtectSystem",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectSystem=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_protect_system,
.default_dependencies_only = true,
},
{
.id = "RootDirectory=/RootImage=",
.json_field = "RootDirectoryOrRootImage",
.description_good = "Service has its own root directory/image",
.description_bad = "Service runs within the host's root directory",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RootDirectory=",
.weight = 200,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_root_directory,
.default_dependencies_only = true,
},
{
.id = "LockPersonality=",
.json_field = "LockPersonality",
.description_good = "Service cannot change ABI personality",
.description_bad = "Service may change ABI personality",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#LockPersonality=",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, lock_personality),
},
{
.id = "MemoryDenyWriteExecute=",
.json_field = "MemoryDenyWriteExecute",
.description_good = "Service cannot create writable executable memory mappings",
.description_bad = "Service may create writable executable memory mappings",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#MemoryDenyWriteExecute=",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, memory_deny_write_execute),
},
{
.id = "NoNewPrivileges=",
.json_field = "NoNewPrivileges",
.description_good = "Service processes cannot acquire new privileges",
.description_bad = "Service processes may acquire new privileges",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#NoNewPrivileges=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, no_new_privileges),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADMIN",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_ADMIN",
.description_good = "Service has no administrator privileges",
.description_bad = "Service has administrator privileges",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP)",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SET_UID_GID_PCAP",
.description_good = "Service cannot change UID/GID identities/capabilities",
.description_bad = "Service may change UID/GID identities/capabilities",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETUID)|
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETGID)|
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETPCAP),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PTRACE",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_PTRACE",
.description_good = "Service has no ptrace() debugging abilities",
.description_bad = "Service has ptrace() debugging abilities",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_PTRACE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TIME",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_TIME",
.description_good = "Service processes cannot change the system clock",
.description_bad = "Service processes may change the system clock",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_TIME,
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_NET_ADMIN",
.description_good = "Service has no network configuration privileges",
.description_bad = "Service has network configuration privileges",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_RAWIO",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_RAWIO",
.description_good = "Service has no raw I/O access",
.description_bad = "Service has raw I/O access",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_RAWIO),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_MODULE",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_MODULE",
.description_good = "Service cannot load kernel modules",
.description_bad = "Service may load kernel modules",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_MODULE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_AUDIT_*",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_AUDIT",
.description_good = "Service has no audit subsystem access",
.description_bad = "Service has audit subsystem access",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_AUDIT_READ) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYSLOG",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYSLOG",
.description_good = "Service has no access to kernel logging",
.description_bad = "Service has access to kernel logging",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYSLOG),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_(NICE|RESOURCE)",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_NICE_RESOURCE",
.description_good = "Service has no privileges to change resource use parameters",
.description_bad = "Service has privileges to change resource use parameters",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_MKNOD",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_MKNOD",
.description_good = "Service cannot create device nodes",
.description_bad = "Service may create device nodes",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MKNOD),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(CHOWN|FSETID|SETFCAP)",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_CHOWN_FSETID_SETFCAP",
.description_good = "Service cannot change file ownership/access mode/capabilities",
.description_bad = "Service may change file ownership/access mode/capabilities unrestricted",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_CHOWN) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_FSETID) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETFCAP),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(DAC_*|FOWNER|IPC_OWNER)",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_DAC_FOWNER_IPC_OWNER",
.description_good = "Service cannot override UNIX file/IPC permission checks",
.description_bad = "Service may override UNIX file/IPC permission checks",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_FOWNER) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_IPC_OWNER),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_KILL",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_KILL",
.description_good = "Service cannot send UNIX signals to arbitrary processes",
.description_bad = "Service may send UNIX signals to arbitrary processes",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_KILL),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_(BIND_SERVICE|BROADCAST|RAW)",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE_BROADCAST_RAW)",
.description_good = "Service has no elevated networking privileges",
.description_bad = "Service has elevated networking privileges",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_RAW),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_BOOT",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_BOOT",
.description_good = "Service cannot issue reboot()",
.description_bad = "Service may issue reboot()",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_BOOT),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_MAC_*",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_MAC",
.description_good = "Service cannot adjust SMACK MAC",
.description_bad = "Service may adjust SMACK MAC",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MAC_ADMIN)|
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",
.description_good = "Service cannot mark files immutable",
.description_bad = "Service may mark files immutable",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 75,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_IPC_LOCK",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_IPC_LOCK",
.description_good = "Service cannot lock memory into RAM",
.description_bad = "Service may lock memory into RAM",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 50,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_IPC_LOCK),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
.description_good = "Service cannot issue chroot()",
.description_bad = "Service may issue chroot()",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 50,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_CHROOT),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND",
.description_good = "Service cannot establish wake locks",
.description_bad = "Service may establish wake locks",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_WAKE_ALARM",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_WAKE_ALARM",
.description_good = "Service cannot program timers that wake up the system",
.description_bad = "Service may program timers that wake up the system",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_WAKE_ALARM),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_LEASE",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_LEASE",
.description_good = "Service cannot create file leases",
.description_bad = "Service may create file leases",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_LEASE),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG",
.description_good = "Service cannot issue vhangup()",
.description_bad = "Service may issue vhangup()",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PACCT",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SYS_PACCT",
.description_good = "Service cannot use acct()",
.description_bad = "Service may use acct()",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_PACCT),
},
{
.id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_BPF",
.json_field = "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_BPF",
.description_good = "Service may load BPF programs",
.description_bad = "Service may not load BPF programs",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
.parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_BPF),
},
{
.id = "UMask=",
.json_field = "UMask",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#UMask=",
.weight = 100,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_umask,
},
{
.id = "KeyringMode=",
.json_field = "KeyringMode",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#KeyringMode=",
.description_good = "Service doesn't share key material with other services",
.description_bad = "Service shares key material with other service",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_keyring_mode,
},
{
.id = "ProtectProc=",
.json_field = "ProtectProc",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectProc=",
.description_good = "Service has restricted access to process tree (/proc hidepid=)",
.description_bad = "Service has full access to process tree (/proc hidepid=)",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 3,
.assess = assess_protect_proc,
},
{
.id = "ProcSubset=",
.json_field = "ProcSubset",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProcSubset=",
.description_good = "Service has no access to non-process /proc files (/proc subset=)",
.description_bad = "Service has full access to non-process /proc files (/proc subset=)",
.weight = 10,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_proc_subset,
},
{
.id = "NotifyAccess=",
.json_field = "NotifyAccess",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#NotifyAccess=",
.description_good = "Service child processes cannot alter service state",
.description_bad = "Service child processes may alter service state",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_notify_access,
},
{
.id = "RemoveIPC=",
.json_field = "RemoveIPC",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RemoveIPC=",
.description_good = "Service user cannot leave SysV IPC objects around",
.description_bad = "Service user may leave SysV IPC objects around",
.description_na = "Service runs as root, option does not apply",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_remove_ipc,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, remove_ipc),
},
{
.id = "Delegate=",
.json_field = "Delegate",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#Delegate=",
.description_good = "Service does not maintain its own delegated control group subtree",
.description_bad = "Service maintains its own delegated control group subtree",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, delegate),
.parameter = true, /* invert! */
},
{
.id = "RestrictRealtime=",
.json_field = "RestrictRealtime",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictRealtime=",
.description_good = "Service realtime scheduling access is restricted",
.description_bad = "Service may acquire realtime scheduling",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_realtime),
},
{
.id = "RestrictSUIDSGID=",
.json_field = "RestrictSUIDSGID",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictSUIDSGID=",
.description_good = "SUID/SGID file creation by service is restricted",
.description_bad = "Service may create SUID/SGID files",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_suid_sgid),
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~user",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_user",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create user namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create user namespaces",
.weight = 1500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWUSER,
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~mnt",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_mnt",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create file system namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create file system namespaces",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWNS,
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~ipc",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_ipc",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create IPC namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create IPC namespaces",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWIPC,
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~pid",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_pid",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create process namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create process namespaces",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWPID,
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~cgroup",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_cgroup",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create cgroup namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create cgroup namespaces",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWCGROUP,
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~net",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_net",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create network namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create network namespaces",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWNET,
},
{
.id = "RestrictNamespaces=~uts",
.json_field = "RestrictNamespaces_uts",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
.description_good = "Service cannot create hostname namespaces",
.description_bad = "Service may create hostname namespaces",
.weight = 100,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
.parameter = CLONE_NEWUTS,
},
{
.id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_(INET|INET6)",
.json_field = "RestrictAddressFamilies_AF_INET_INET6",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
.description_good = "Service cannot allocate Internet sockets",
.description_bad = "Service may allocate Internet sockets",
.weight = 1500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_address_family_inet),
},
{
.id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_UNIX",
.json_field = "RestrictAddressFamilies_AF_UNIX",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
.description_good = "Service cannot allocate local sockets",
.description_bad = "Service may allocate local sockets",
.weight = 25,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_address_family_unix),
},
{
.id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_NETLINK",
.json_field = "RestrictAddressFamilies_AF_NETLINK",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
.description_good = "Service cannot allocate netlink sockets",
.description_bad = "Service may allocate netlink sockets",
.weight = 200,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_address_family_netlink),
},
{
.id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_PACKET",
.json_field = "RestrictAddressFamilies_AF_PACKET",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
.description_good = "Service cannot allocate packet sockets",
.description_bad = "Service may allocate packet sockets",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_address_family_packet),
},
{
.id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~…",
.json_field = "RestrictAddressFamilies_OTHER",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
.description_good = "Service cannot allocate exotic sockets",
.description_bad = "Service may allocate exotic sockets",
.weight = 1250,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_bool,
.offset = offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_address_family_other),
},
#if HAVE_SECCOMP
{
.id = "SystemCallArchitectures=",
.json_field = "SystemCallArchitectures",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallArchitectures=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_architectures,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@swap",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_swap",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_SWAP,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@obsolete",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_obsolete",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 250,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_OBSOLETE,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@clock",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_clock",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_CLOCK,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@cpu-emulation",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_cpu_emulation",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 250,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_CPU_EMULATION,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@debug",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_debug",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_DEBUG,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@mount",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_mount",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MOUNT,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@module",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_module",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MODULE,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@raw-io",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_raw_io",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_RAW_IO,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@reboot",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_reboot",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_REBOOT,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@privileged",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_privileged",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 700,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_PRIVILEGED,
},
{
.id = "SystemCallFilter=~@resources",
.json_field = "SystemCallFilter_resources",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
.weight = 700,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_system_call_filter,
.parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_RESOURCES,
},
#endif
{
.id = "IPAddressDeny=",
.json_field = "IPAddressDeny",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#IPAddressDeny=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_ip_address_allow,
},
{
.id = "DeviceAllow=",
.json_field = "DeviceAllow",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#DeviceAllow=",
.weight = 1000,
.range = 10,
.assess = assess_device_allow,
},
{
.id = "AmbientCapabilities=",
.json_field = "AmbientCapabilities",
.url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#AmbientCapabilities=",
.description_good = "Service process does not receive ambient capabilities",
.description_bad = "Service process receives ambient capabilities",
.weight = 500,
.range = 1,
.assess = assess_ambient_capabilities,
},
};
static JsonVariant* security_assessor_find_in_policy(const struct security_assessor *a, JsonVariant *policy, const char *name) {
JsonVariant *item;
assert(a);
if (!policy)
return NULL;
if (!json_variant_is_object(policy)) {
log_debug("Specified policy is not a JSON object, ignoring.");
return NULL;
}
item = json_variant_by_key(policy, a->json_field);
if (!item)
return NULL;
if (!json_variant_is_object(item)) {
log_debug("Item for '%s' in policy JSON object is not an object, ignoring.", a->id);
return NULL;
}
return name ? json_variant_by_key(item, name) : item;
}
static uint64_t access_weight(const struct security_assessor *a, JsonVariant *policy) {
JsonVariant *val;
assert(a);
val = security_assessor_find_in_policy(a, policy, "weight");
if (val) {
if (json_variant_is_unsigned(val))
return json_variant_unsigned(val);
log_debug("JSON field 'weight' of policy for %s is not an unsigned integer, ignoring.", a->id);
}
return a->weight;
}
static uint64_t access_range(const struct security_assessor *a, JsonVariant *policy) {
JsonVariant *val;
assert(a);
val = security_assessor_find_in_policy(a, policy, "range");
if (val) {
if (json_variant_is_unsigned(val))
return json_variant_unsigned(val);
log_debug("JSON field 'range' of policy for %s is not an unsigned integer, ignoring.", a->id);
}
return a->range;
}
static const char *access_description_na(const struct security_assessor *a, JsonVariant *policy) {
JsonVariant *val;
assert(a);
val = security_assessor_find_in_policy(a, policy, "description_na");
if (val) {
if (json_variant_is_string(val))
return json_variant_string(val);
log_debug("JSON field 'description_na' of policy for %s is not a string, ignoring.", a->id);
}
return a->description_na;
}
static const char *access_description_good(const struct security_assessor *a, JsonVariant *policy) {
JsonVariant *val;
assert(a);
val = security_assessor_find_in_policy(a, policy, "description_good");
if (val) {
if (json_variant_is_string(val))
return json_variant_string(val);
log_debug("JSON field 'description_good' of policy for %s is not a string, ignoring.", a->id);
}
return a->description_good;
}
static const char *access_description_bad(const struct security_assessor *a, JsonVariant *policy) {
JsonVariant *val;
assert(a);
val = security_assessor_find_in_policy(a, policy, "description_bad");
if (val) {
if (json_variant_is_string(val))
return json_variant_string(val);
log_debug("JSON field 'description_bad' of policy for %s is not a string, ignoring.", a->id);
}
return a->description_bad;
}
static int assess(const SecurityInfo *info,
Table *overview_table,
AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags,
unsigned threshold,
JsonVariant *policy,
PagerFlags pager_flags,
JsonFormatFlags json_format_flags) {
static const struct {
uint64_t exposure;
const char *name;
const char *color;
SpecialGlyph smiley;
} badness_table[] = {
{ 100, "DANGEROUS", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED, SPECIAL_GLYPH_DEPRESSED_SMILEY },
{ 90, "UNSAFE", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED, SPECIAL_GLYPH_UNHAPPY_SMILEY },
{ 75, "EXPOSED", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW, SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_UNHAPPY_SMILEY },
{ 50, "MEDIUM", NULL, SPECIAL_GLYPH_NEUTRAL_SMILEY },
{ 10, "OK", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN, SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_HAPPY_SMILEY },
{ 1, "SAFE", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN, SPECIAL_GLYPH_HAPPY_SMILEY },
{ 0, "PERFECT", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN, SPECIAL_GLYPH_ECSTATIC_SMILEY },
};
uint64_t badness_sum = 0, weight_sum = 0, exposure;
_cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *details_table = NULL;
size_t i;
int r;
if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT)) {
details_table = table_new(" ", "name", "json_field", "description", "weight", "badness", "range", "exposure");
if (!details_table)
return log_oom();
r = table_set_json_field_name(details_table, 0, "set");
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set JSON field name of column 0: %m");
(void) table_set_sort(details_table, (size_t) 3, (size_t) 1);
(void) table_set_reverse(details_table, 3, true);
if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_ANALYZE_DEBUG") <= 0)
(void) table_set_display(details_table, (size_t) 0, (size_t) 1, (size_t) 2, (size_t) 3, (size_t) 7);
}
for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(security_assessor_table); i++) {
const struct security_assessor *a = security_assessor_table + i;
_cleanup_free_ char *d = NULL;
uint64_t badness;
void *data;
uint64_t weight = access_weight(a, policy);
uint64_t range = access_range(a, policy);
data = (uint8_t *) info + a->offset;
if (a->default_dependencies_only && !info->default_dependencies) {
badness = UINT64_MAX;
d = strdup("Service runs in special boot phase, option is not appropriate");
if (!d)
return log_oom();
} else if (weight == 0) {
badness = UINT64_MAX;
d = strdup("Option excluded by policy, skipping");
if (!d)
return log_oom();
} else {
r = a->assess(a, info, data, &badness, &d);
if (r < 0)
return r;
}
assert(range > 0);
if (badness != UINT64_MAX) {
assert(badness <= range);
badness_sum += DIV_ROUND_UP(badness * weight, range);
weight_sum += weight;
}
if (details_table) {
const char *description, *color = NULL;
int checkmark;
if (badness == UINT64_MAX) {
checkmark = -1;
description = access_description_na(a, policy);
color = NULL;
} else if (badness == a->range) {
checkmark = 0;
description = access_description_bad(a, policy);
color = ansi_highlight_red();
} else if (badness == 0) {
checkmark = 1;
description = access_description_good(a, policy);
color = ansi_highlight_green();
} else {
checkmark = 0;
description = NULL;
color = ansi_highlight_red();
}
if (d)
description = d;
if (checkmark < 0) {
r = table_add_many(details_table, TABLE_EMPTY);
if (r < 0)
return table_log_add_error(r);
} else {
r = table_add_many(details_table,
TABLE_BOOLEAN_CHECKMARK, checkmark > 0,
TABLE_SET_MINIMUM_WIDTH, 1,
TABLE_SET_MAXIMUM_WIDTH, 1,
TABLE_SET_ELLIPSIZE_PERCENT, 0,
TABLE_SET_COLOR, color);
if (r < 0)
return table_log_add_error(r);
}
r = table_add_many(details_table,
TABLE_STRING, a->id, TABLE_SET_URL, a->url,
TABLE_STRING, a->json_field,
TABLE_STRING, description,
TABLE_UINT64, weight, TABLE_SET_ALIGN_PERCENT, 100,
TABLE_UINT64, badness, TABLE_SET_ALIGN_PERCENT, 100,
TABLE_UINT64, range, TABLE_SET_ALIGN_PERCENT, 100,
TABLE_EMPTY, TABLE_SET_ALIGN_PERCENT, 100);
if (r < 0)
return table_log_add_error(r);
}
}
assert(weight_sum > 0);
if (details_table) {
size_t row;
for (row = 1; row < table_get_rows(details_table); row++) {
char buf[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1];
const uint64_t *weight, *badness, *range;
TableCell *cell;
uint64_t x;
assert_se(weight = table_get_at(details_table, row, 4));
assert_se(badness = table_get_at(details_table, row, 5));
assert_se(range = table_get_at(details_table, row, 6));
if (*badness == UINT64_MAX || *badness == 0)
continue;
assert_se(cell = table_get_cell(details_table, row, 7));
x = DIV_ROUND_UP(DIV_ROUND_UP(*badness * *weight * 100U, *range), weight_sum);
xsprintf(buf, "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64, x / 10, x % 10);
r = table_update(details_table, cell, TABLE_STRING, buf);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to update cell in table: %m");
}
if (json_format_flags & JSON_FORMAT_OFF) {
r = table_hide_column_from_display(details_table, (size_t) 2);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set columns to display: %m");
}
r = table_print_with_pager(details_table, json_format_flags, pager_flags, /* show_header= */true);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to output table: %m");
}
exposure = DIV_ROUND_UP(badness_sum * 100U, weight_sum);
for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(badness_table); i++)
if (exposure >= badness_table[i].exposure)
break;
assert(i < ELEMENTSOF(badness_table));
if (details_table && (json_format_flags & JSON_FORMAT_OFF)) {
_cleanup_free_ char *clickable = NULL;
const char *name;
/* If we shall output the details table, also print the brief summary underneath */
if (info->fragment_path) {
r = terminal_urlify_path(info->fragment_path, info->id, &clickable);
if (r < 0)
return log_oom();
name = clickable;
} else
name = info->id;
printf("\n%s %sOverall exposure level for %s%s: %s%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64 " %s%s %s\n",
special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT),
ansi_highlight(),
name,
ansi_normal(),
colors_enabled() ? strempty(badness_table[i].color) : "",
exposure / 10, exposure % 10,
badness_table[i].name,
ansi_normal(),
special_glyph(badness_table[i].smiley));
}
fflush(stdout);
if (overview_table) {
char buf[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1];
_cleanup_free_ char *url = NULL;
if (info->fragment_path) {
r = file_url_from_path(info->fragment_path, &url);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate URL from path: %m");
}
xsprintf(buf, "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64, exposure / 10, exposure % 10);
r = table_add_many(overview_table,
TABLE_STRING, info->id,
TABLE_SET_URL, url,
TABLE_STRING, buf,
TABLE_SET_ALIGN_PERCENT, 100,
TABLE_STRING, badness_table[i].name,
TABLE_SET_COLOR, strempty(badness_table[i].color),
TABLE_STRING, special_glyph(badness_table[i].smiley));
if (r < 0)
return table_log_add_error(r);
}
/* Return error when overall exposure level is over threshold */
if (exposure > threshold)
return -EINVAL;
return 0;
}
static int property_read_restrict_namespaces(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
int r;
uint64_t namespaces;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "t", &namespaces);
if (r < 0)
return r;
info->restrict_namespaces = (unsigned long long) namespaces;
return 0;
}
static int property_read_umask(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
int r;
uint32_t umask;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "u", &umask);
if (r < 0)
return r;
info->_umask = (mode_t) umask;
return 0;
}
static int property_read_restrict_address_families(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = userdata;
int allow_list, r;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "bas");
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "b", &allow_list);
if (r < 0)
return r;
info->restrict_address_family_inet =
info->restrict_address_family_unix =
info->restrict_address_family_netlink =
info->restrict_address_family_packet =
info->restrict_address_family_other = allow_list;
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "s");
if (r < 0)
return r;
for (;;) {
const char *name;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &name);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (r == 0)
break;
if (STR_IN_SET(name, "AF_INET", "AF_INET6"))
info->restrict_address_family_inet = !allow_list;
else if (streq(name, "AF_UNIX"))
info->restrict_address_family_unix = !allow_list;
else if (streq(name, "AF_NETLINK"))
info->restrict_address_family_netlink = !allow_list;
else if (streq(name, "AF_PACKET"))
info->restrict_address_family_packet = !allow_list;
else
info->restrict_address_family_other = !allow_list;
}
r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
if (r < 0)
return r;
return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
}
static int property_read_syscall_archs(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
int r;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "s");
if (r < 0)
return r;
for (;;) {
const char *name;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &name);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (r == 0)
break;
r = set_put_strdup(&info->system_call_architectures, name);
if (r < 0)
return r;
}
return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
}
static int property_read_system_call_filter(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = userdata;
int allow_list, r;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "bas");
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "b", &allow_list);
if (r < 0)
return r;
info->system_call_filter_allow_list = allow_list;
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "s");
if (r < 0)
return r;
for (;;) {
const char *name;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &name);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (r == 0)
break;
/* ignore errno or action after colon */
r = set_put_strndup(&info->system_call_filter, name, strchrnul(name, ':') - name);
if (r < 0)
return r;
}
r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
if (r < 0)
return r;
return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
}
static int property_read_ip_address_allow(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = userdata;
bool deny_ipv4 = false, deny_ipv6 = false;
int r;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "(iayu)");
if (r < 0)
return r;
for (;;) {
const void *data;
size_t size;
int32_t family;
uint32_t prefixlen;
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "iayu");
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (r == 0)
break;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "i", &family);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = sd_bus_message_read_array(m, 'y', &data, &size);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "u", &prefixlen);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (streq(member, "IPAddressAllow")) {
union in_addr_union u;
if (family == AF_INET && size == 4 && prefixlen == 8)
memcpy(&u.in, data, size);
else if (family == AF_INET6 && size == 16 && prefixlen == 128)
memcpy(&u.in6, data, size);
else {
info->ip_address_allow_other = true;
continue;
}
if (in_addr_is_localhost(family, &u))
info->ip_address_allow_localhost = true;
else
info->ip_address_allow_other = true;
} else {
assert(streq(member, "IPAddressDeny"));
if (family == AF_INET && size == 4 && prefixlen == 0)
deny_ipv4 = true;
else if (family == AF_INET6 && size == 16 && prefixlen == 0)
deny_ipv6 = true;
}
}
info->ip_address_deny_all = deny_ipv4 && deny_ipv6;
return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
}
static int property_read_ip_filters(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = userdata;
_cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
int r;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(m, &l);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (streq(member, "IPIngressFilterPath"))
info->ip_filters_custom_ingress = !strv_isempty(l);
else if (streq(member, "IPEgressFilterPath"))
info->ip_filters_custom_egress = !strv_isempty(l);
return 0;
}
static int property_read_device_allow(
sd_bus *bus,
const char *member,
sd_bus_message *m,
sd_bus_error *error,
void *userdata) {
SecurityInfo *info = userdata;
int r;
assert(bus);
assert(member);
assert(m);
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "(ss)");
if (r < 0)
return r;
for (;;) {
const char *name, *policy;
r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &name, &policy);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (r == 0)
break;
r = strv_extendf(&info->device_allow, "%s:%s", name, policy);
if (r < 0)
return r;
}
return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
}
static int acquire_security_info(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, SecurityInfo *info, AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags) {
static const struct bus_properties_map security_map[] = {
{ "AmbientCapabilities", "t", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, ambient_capabilities) },
{ "CapabilityBoundingSet", "t", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, capability_bounding_set) },
{ "DefaultDependencies", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, default_dependencies) },
{ "Delegate", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, delegate) },
{ "DeviceAllow", "a(ss)", property_read_device_allow, 0 },
{ "DevicePolicy", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, device_policy) },
{ "DynamicUser", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, dynamic_user) },
{ "FragmentPath", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, fragment_path) },
{ "IPAddressAllow", "a(iayu)", property_read_ip_address_allow, 0 },
{ "IPAddressDeny", "a(iayu)", property_read_ip_address_allow, 0 },
{ "IPIngressFilterPath", "as", property_read_ip_filters, 0 },
{ "IPEgressFilterPath", "as", property_read_ip_filters, 0 },
{ "Id", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, id) },
{ "KeyringMode", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, keyring_mode) },
{ "ProtectProc", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_proc) },
{ "ProcSubset", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, proc_subset) },
{ "LoadState", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, load_state) },
{ "LockPersonality", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, lock_personality) },
{ "MemoryDenyWriteExecute", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, memory_deny_write_execute) },
{ "NoNewPrivileges", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, no_new_privileges) },
{ "NotifyAccess", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, notify_access) },
{ "PrivateDevices", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_devices) },
{ "PrivateMounts", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_mounts) },
{ "PrivateNetwork", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_network) },
{ "PrivateTmp", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_tmp) },
{ "PrivateUsers", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, private_users) },
{ "ProtectControlGroups", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_control_groups) },
{ "ProtectHome", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_home) },
{ "ProtectHostname", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_hostname) },
{ "ProtectKernelModules", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_kernel_modules) },
{ "ProtectKernelTunables", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_kernel_tunables) },
{ "ProtectKernelLogs", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_kernel_logs) },
{ "ProtectClock", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_clock) },
{ "ProtectSystem", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, protect_system) },
{ "RemoveIPC", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, remove_ipc) },
{ "RestrictAddressFamilies", "(bas)", property_read_restrict_address_families, 0 },
{ "RestrictNamespaces", "t", property_read_restrict_namespaces, 0 },
{ "RestrictRealtime", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_realtime) },
{ "RestrictSUIDSGID", "b", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, restrict_suid_sgid) },
{ "RootDirectory", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, root_directory) },
{ "RootImage", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, root_image) },
{ "SupplementaryGroups", "as", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, supplementary_groups) },
{ "SystemCallArchitectures", "as", property_read_syscall_archs, 0 },
{ "SystemCallFilter", "(as)", property_read_system_call_filter, 0 },
{ "Type", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, type) },
{ "UMask", "u", property_read_umask, 0 },
{ "User", "s", NULL, offsetof(SecurityInfo, user) },
{}
};
_cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
_cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
int r;
/* Note: this mangles *info on failure! */
assert(bus);
assert(name);
assert(info);
path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
if (!path)
return log_oom();
r = bus_map_all_properties(
bus,
"org.freedesktop.systemd1",
path,
security_map,
BUS_MAP_STRDUP | BUS_MAP_BOOLEAN_AS_BOOL,
&error,
NULL,
info);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit properties: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
if (!streq_ptr(info->load_state, "loaded")) {
if (FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LOADED))
return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
if (streq_ptr(info->load_state, "not-found"))
log_error("Unit %s not found, cannot analyze.", name);
else if (streq_ptr(info->load_state, "masked"))
log_error("Unit %s is masked, cannot analyze.", name);
else
log_error("Unit %s not loaded properly, cannot analyze.", name);
return -EINVAL;
}
if (FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LONG_RUNNING) && streq_ptr(info->type, "oneshot"))
return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
if (info->private_devices ||
info->private_tmp ||
info->protect_control_groups ||
info->protect_kernel_tunables ||
info->protect_kernel_modules ||
!streq_ptr(info->protect_home, "no") ||
!streq_ptr(info->protect_system, "no") ||
info->root_image)
info->private_mounts = true;
if (info->protect_kernel_modules)
info->capability_bounding_set &= ~(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_MODULE);
if (info->protect_kernel_logs)
info->capability_bounding_set &= ~(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYSLOG);
if (info->protect_clock)
info->capability_bounding_set &= ~((UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_TIME) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_WAKE_ALARM));
if (info->private_devices)
info->capability_bounding_set &= ~((UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MKNOD) |
(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_RAWIO));
return 0;
}
static int analyze_security_one(sd_bus *bus,
const char *name,
Table *overview_table,
AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags,
unsigned threshold,
JsonVariant *policy,
PagerFlags pager_flags,
JsonFormatFlags json_format_flags) {
_cleanup_(security_info_freep) SecurityInfo *info = security_info_new();
if (!info)
return log_oom();
int r;
assert(bus);
assert(name);
r = acquire_security_info(bus, name, info, flags);
if (r == -EMEDIUMTYPE) /* Ignore this one because not loaded or Type is oneshot */
return 0;
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = assess(info, overview_table, flags, threshold, policy, pager_flags, json_format_flags);
if (r < 0)
return r;
return 0;
}
/* Refactoring SecurityInfo so that it can make use of existing struct variables instead of reading from dbus */
static int get_security_info(Unit *u, ExecContext *c, CGroupContext *g, SecurityInfo **ret_info) {
assert(ret_info);
_cleanup_(security_info_freep) SecurityInfo *info = security_info_new();
if (!info)
return log_oom();
if (u) {
if (u->id) {
info->id = strdup(u->id);
if (!info->id)
return log_oom();
}
if (unit_type_to_string(u->type)) {
info->type = strdup(unit_type_to_string(u->type));
if (!info->type)
return log_oom();
}
if (unit_load_state_to_string(u->load_state)) {
info->load_state = strdup(unit_load_state_to_string(u->load_state));
if (!info->load_state)
return log_oom();
}
if (u->fragment_path) {
info->fragment_path = strdup(u->fragment_path);
if (!info->fragment_path)
return log_oom();
}
info->default_dependencies = u->default_dependencies;
if (u->type == UNIT_SERVICE && notify_access_to_string(SERVICE(u)->notify_access)) {
info->notify_access = strdup(notify_access_to_string(SERVICE(u)->notify_access));
if (!info->notify_access)
return log_oom();
}
}
if (c) {
info->ambient_capabilities = c->capability_ambient_set;
info->capability_bounding_set = c->capability_bounding_set;
if (c->user) {
info->user = strdup(c->user);
if (!info->user)
return log_oom();
}
if (c->supplementary_groups) {
info->supplementary_groups = strv_copy(c->supplementary_groups);
if (!info->supplementary_groups)
return log_oom();
}
info->dynamic_user = c->dynamic_user;
if (exec_keyring_mode_to_string(c->keyring_mode)) {
info->keyring_mode = strdup(exec_keyring_mode_to_string(c->keyring_mode));
if (!info->keyring_mode)
return log_oom();
}
if (protect_proc_to_string(c->protect_proc)) {
info->protect_proc = strdup(protect_proc_to_string(c->protect_proc));
if (!info->protect_proc)
return log_oom();
}
if (proc_subset_to_string(c->proc_subset)) {
info->proc_subset = strdup(proc_subset_to_string(c->proc_subset));
if (!info->proc_subset)
return log_oom();
}
info->lock_personality = c->lock_personality;
info->memory_deny_write_execute = c->memory_deny_write_execute;
info->no_new_privileges = c->no_new_privileges;
info->protect_hostname = c->protect_hostname;
info->private_devices = c->private_devices;
info->private_mounts = c->private_mounts;
info->private_network = c->private_network;
info->private_tmp = c->private_tmp;
info->private_users = c->private_users;
info->protect_control_groups = c->protect_control_groups;
info->protect_kernel_modules = c->protect_kernel_modules;
info->protect_kernel_tunables = c->protect_kernel_tunables;
info->protect_kernel_logs = c->protect_kernel_logs;
info->protect_clock = c->protect_clock;
if (protect_home_to_string(c->protect_home)) {
info->protect_home = strdup(protect_home_to_string(c->protect_home));
if (!info->protect_home)
return log_oom();
}
if (protect_system_to_string(c->protect_system)) {
info->protect_system = strdup(protect_system_to_string(c->protect_system));
if (!info->protect_system)
return log_oom();
}
info->remove_ipc = c->remove_ipc;
info->restrict_address_family_inet =
info->restrict_address_family_unix =
info->restrict_address_family_netlink =
info->restrict_address_family_packet =
info->restrict_address_family_other =
c->address_families_allow_list;
void *key;
SET_FOREACH(key, c->address_families) {
int family = PTR_TO_INT(key);
if (family == 0)
continue;
if (IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
info->restrict_address_family_inet = !c->address_families_allow_list;
else if (family == AF_UNIX)
info->restrict_address_family_unix = !c->address_families_allow_list;
else if (family == AF_NETLINK)
info->restrict_address_family_netlink = !c->address_families_allow_list;
else if (family == AF_PACKET)
info->restrict_address_family_packet = !c->address_families_allow_list;
else
info->restrict_address_family_other = !c->address_families_allow_list;
}
info->restrict_namespaces = c->restrict_namespaces;
info->restrict_realtime = c->restrict_realtime;
info->restrict_suid_sgid = c->restrict_suid_sgid;
if (c->root_directory) {
info->root_directory = strdup(c->root_directory);
if (!info->root_directory)
return log_oom();
}
if (c->root_image) {
info->root_image = strdup(c->root_image);
if (!info->root_image)
return log_oom();
}
info->_umask = c->umask;
#if HAVE_SECCOMP
SET_FOREACH(key, c->syscall_archs) {
const char *name;
name = seccomp_arch_to_string(PTR_TO_UINT32(key) - 1);
if (!name)
continue;
if (set_put_strdup(&info->system_call_architectures, name) < 0)
return log_oom();
}
info->system_call_filter_allow_list = c->syscall_allow_list;
void *id, *num;
HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(num, id, c->syscall_filter) {
_cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL;
if (info->system_call_filter_allow_list && PTR_TO_INT(num) >= 0)
continue;
name = seccomp_syscall_resolve_num_arch(SCMP_ARCH_NATIVE, PTR_TO_INT(id) - 1);
if (!name)
continue;
if (set_ensure_consume(&info->system_call_filter, &string_hash_ops_free, TAKE_PTR(name)) < 0)
return log_oom();
}
#endif
}
if (g) {
info->delegate = g->delegate;
if (cgroup_device_policy_to_string(g->device_policy)) {
info->device_policy = strdup(cgroup_device_policy_to_string(g->device_policy));
if (!info->device_policy)
return log_oom();
}
struct in_addr_prefix *i;
bool deny_ipv4 = false, deny_ipv6 = false;
SET_FOREACH(i, g->ip_address_deny) {
if (i->family == AF_INET && i->prefixlen == 0)
deny_ipv4 = true;
else if (i->family == AF_INET6 && i->prefixlen == 0)
deny_ipv6 = true;
}
info->ip_address_deny_all = deny_ipv4 && deny_ipv6;
info->ip_address_allow_localhost = info->ip_address_allow_other = false;
SET_FOREACH(i, g->ip_address_allow) {
if (in_addr_is_localhost(i->family, &i->address))
info->ip_address_allow_localhost = true;
else
info->ip_address_allow_other = true;
}
info->ip_filters_custom_ingress = !strv_isempty(g->ip_filters_ingress);
info->ip_filters_custom_egress = !strv_isempty(g->ip_filters_egress);
LIST_FOREACH(device_allow, a, g->device_allow)
if (strv_extendf(&info->device_allow,
"%s:%s",
a->path,
cgroup_device_permissions_to_string(a->permissions)) < 0)
return log_oom();
}
*ret_info = TAKE_PTR(info);
return 0;
}
static int offline_security_check(Unit *u,
unsigned threshold,
JsonVariant *policy,
PagerFlags pager_flags,
JsonFormatFlags json_format_flags) {
_cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *overview_table = NULL;
AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags = 0;
_cleanup_(security_info_freep) SecurityInfo *info = NULL;
int r;
assert(u);
if (DEBUG_LOGGING)
unit_dump(u, stdout, "\t");
r = get_security_info(u, unit_get_exec_context(u), unit_get_cgroup_context(u), &info);
if (r < 0)
return r;
return assess(info, overview_table, flags, threshold, policy, pager_flags, json_format_flags);
}
static int offline_security_checks(
char **filenames,
JsonVariant *policy,
RuntimeScope scope,
bool check_man,
bool run_generators,
unsigned threshold,
const char *root,
const char *profile,
PagerFlags pager_flags,
JsonFormatFlags json_format_flags) {
const ManagerTestRunFlags flags =
MANAGER_TEST_RUN_MINIMAL |
MANAGER_TEST_RUN_ENV_GENERATORS |
MANAGER_TEST_RUN_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES |
MANAGER_TEST_DONT_OPEN_EXECUTOR |
run_generators * MANAGER_TEST_RUN_GENERATORS;
_cleanup_(manager_freep) Manager *m = NULL;
Unit *units[strv_length(filenames)];
int r, k;
size_t count = 0;
if (strv_isempty(filenames))
return 0;
r = verify_set_unit_path(filenames);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set unit load path: %m");
r = manager_new(scope, flags, &m);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to initialize manager: %m");
log_debug("Starting manager...");
r = manager_startup(m, /* serialization= */ NULL, /* fds= */ NULL, root);
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (profile) {
/* Ensure the temporary directory is in the search path, so that we can add drop-ins. */
r = strv_extend(&m->lookup_paths.search_path, m->lookup_paths.temporary_dir);
if (r < 0)
return log_oom();
}
log_debug("Loading remaining units from the command line...");
STRV_FOREACH(filename, filenames) {
_cleanup_free_ char *prepared = NULL;
log_debug("Handling %s...", *filename);
k = verify_prepare_filename(*filename, &prepared);
if (k < 0) {
log_warning_errno(k, "Failed to prepare filename %s: %m", *filename);
RET_GATHER(r, k);
continue;
}
/* When a portable image is analyzed, the profile is what provides a good chunk of
* the security-related settings, but they are obviously not shipped with the image.
* This allows to take them in consideration. */
if (profile) {
_cleanup_free_ char *unit_name = NULL, *dropin = NULL, *profile_path = NULL;
r = path_extract_filename(prepared, &unit_name);
if (r < 0)
return log_oom();
dropin = strjoin(m->lookup_paths.temporary_dir, "/", unit_name, ".d/profile.conf");
if (!dropin)
return log_oom();
(void) mkdir_parents(dropin, 0755);
if (!is_path(profile)) {
r = find_portable_profile(profile, unit_name, &profile_path);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to find portable profile %s: %m", profile);
profile = profile_path;
}
r = copy_file(profile, dropin, 0, 0644, 0);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy: %m");
}
k = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, NULL, prepared, &units[count]);
if (k < 0) {
RET_GATHER(r, k);
continue;
}
count++;
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
RET_GATHER(r, offline_security_check(units[i], threshold, policy, pager_flags, json_format_flags));
return r;
}
static int analyze_security(sd_bus *bus,
char **units,
JsonVariant *policy,
RuntimeScope scope,
bool check_man,
bool run_generators,
bool offline,
unsigned threshold,
const char *root,
const char *profile,
JsonFormatFlags json_format_flags,
PagerFlags pager_flags,
AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags) {
_cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *overview_table = NULL;
int ret = 0, r;
assert(!!bus != offline);
if (offline)
return offline_security_checks(units, policy, scope, check_man, run_generators, threshold, root, profile, pager_flags, json_format_flags);
if (strv_length(units) != 1) {
overview_table = table_new("unit", "exposure", "predicate", "happy");
if (!overview_table)
return log_oom();
}
if (strv_isempty(units)) {
_cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
_cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
_cleanup_strv_free_ char **list = NULL;
size_t n = 0;
r = bus_call_method(
bus,
bus_systemd_mgr,
"ListUnits",
&error,
&reply,
NULL);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
if (r < 0)
return bus_log_parse_error(r);
for (;;) {
UnitInfo info;
char *copy = NULL;
r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &info);
if (r < 0)
return bus_log_parse_error(r);
if (r == 0)
break;
if (!endswith(info.id, ".service"))
continue;
if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(list, n + 2))
return log_oom();
copy = strdup(info.id);
if (!copy)
return log_oom();
list[n++] = copy;
list[n] = NULL;
}
strv_sort(list);
flags |= ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT|ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LOADED|ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LONG_RUNNING;
STRV_FOREACH(i, list) {
r = analyze_security_one(bus, *i, overview_table, flags, threshold, policy, pager_flags, json_format_flags);
if (r < 0 && ret >= 0)
ret = r;
}
} else
STRV_FOREACH(i, units) {
_cleanup_free_ char *mangled = NULL, *instance = NULL;
const char *name;
if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT) && i != units) {
putc('\n', stdout);
fflush(stdout);
}
r = unit_name_mangle(*i, 0, &mangled);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name '%s': %m", *i);
if (!endswith(mangled, ".service"))
return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
"Unit %s is not a service unit, refusing.",
*i);
if (unit_name_is_valid(mangled, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
r = unit_name_replace_instance(mangled, "test-instance", &instance);
if (r < 0)
return log_oom();
name = instance;
} else
name = mangled;
r = analyze_security_one(bus, name, overview_table, flags, threshold, policy, pager_flags, json_format_flags);
if (r < 0 && ret >= 0)
ret = r;
}
if (overview_table) {
if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT)) {
putc('\n', stdout);
fflush(stdout);
}
r = table_print_with_pager(overview_table, json_format_flags, pager_flags, /* show_header= */true);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to output table: %m");
}
return ret;
}
int verb_security(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
_cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
_cleanup_(json_variant_unrefp) JsonVariant *policy = NULL;
int r;
unsigned line, column;
if (!arg_offline) {
r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
if (r < 0)
return bus_log_connect_error(r, arg_transport);
}
pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
if (arg_security_policy) {
r = json_parse_file(/*f=*/ NULL, arg_security_policy, /*flags=*/ 0, &policy, &line, &column);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' at %u:%u: %m", arg_security_policy, line, column);
} else {
_cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
_cleanup_free_ char *pp = NULL;
r = search_and_fopen_nulstr("systemd-analyze-security.policy", "re", /*root=*/ NULL, CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd"), &f, &pp);
if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
return r;
if (f) {
r = json_parse_file(f, pp, /*flags=*/ 0, &policy, &line, &column);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "[%s:%u:%u] Failed to parse JSON policy: %m", pp, line, column);
}
}
return analyze_security(
bus,
strv_skip(argv, 1),
policy,
arg_runtime_scope,
arg_man,
arg_generators,
arg_offline,
arg_threshold,
arg_root,
arg_profile,
arg_json_format_flags,
arg_pager_flags,
/*flags=*/ 0);
}
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