A report of a 12-jiffy normal RCU CPU stall warning raises interesting
questions about the nature of time on the offending system. This commit
instruments rcu_sched_clock_irq(), which is RCU's hook into the
scheduling-clock interrupt, checking for the jiffies counter going
backwards.
Reported-by: Saravanan D <sarvanand@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The rcu_spawn_gp_kthread() function is called as an early initcall,
which means that SMP initialization hasn't happened yet and only the
boot CPU is online. Therefore, create only the boost kthread for the
leaf node of the boot CPU.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
As we handle parallel CPU bringup, we will need to take care to avoid
spawning multiple boost threads, or race conditions when setting their
affinity. Spotted by Paul McKenney.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit removes the cpus_read_lock() and cpus_read_unlock() calls
from rcu_barrier(), thus allowing CPUs to come and go during the course
of rcu_barrier() execution. Posting of the ->barrier_head callbacks does
synchronize with portions of RCU's CPU-hotplug notifiers, but these locks
are held for short time periods on both sides. Thus, full CPU-hotplug
operations could both start and finish during the execution of a given
rcu_barrier() invocation.
Additional synchronization is provided by a global ->barrier_lock.
Since the ->barrier_lock is only used during rcu_barrier() execution and
during onlining/offlining a CPU, the contention for this lock should
be low. It might be tempting to make use of a per-CPU lock just on
general principles, but straightforward attempts to do this have the
problems shown below.
Initial state: 3 CPUs present, CPU 0 and CPU1 do not have
any callback and CPU2 has callbacks.
1. CPU0 calls rcu_barrier().
2. CPU1 starts offlining for CPU2. CPU1 calls
rcutree_migrate_callbacks(). rcu_barrier_entrain() is called
from rcutree_migrate_callbacks(), with CPU2's rdp->barrier_lock.
It does not entrain ->barrier_head for CPU2, as rcu_barrier()
on CPU0 hasn't started the barrier sequence (by calling
rcu_seq_start(&rcu_state.barrier_sequence)) yet.
3. CPU0 starts new barrier sequence. It iterates over
CPU0 and CPU1, after acquiring their per-cpu ->barrier_lock
and finds 0 segcblist length. It updates ->barrier_seq_snap
for CPU0 and CPU1 and continues loop iteration to CPU2.
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp->barrier_lock, flags);
if (!rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist)) {
WRITE_ONCE(rdp->barrier_seq_snap, gseq);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp->barrier_lock, flags);
rcu_barrier_trace(TPS("NQ"), cpu, rcu_state.barrier_sequence);
continue;
}
4. rcutree_migrate_callbacks() completes execution on CPU1.
Segcblist len for CPU2 becomes 0.
5. The loop iteration on CPU0, checks rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist)
for CPU2 and completes the loop iteration after setting
->barrier_seq_snap.
6. As there isn't any ->barrier_head callback entrained; at
this point, rcu_barrier() in CPU0 returns.
7. The callbacks, which migrated from CPU2 to CPU1, execute.
Straightforward per-CPU locking is also subject to the following race
condition noted by Boqun Feng:
1. CPU0 calls rcu_barrier(), starting a new barrier sequence by invoking
rcu_seq_start() and init_completion(), but does not yet initialize
rcu_state.barrier_cpu_count.
2. CPU1 starts offlining for CPU2, calling rcutree_migrate_callbacks(),
which in turn calls rcu_barrier_entrain() holding CPU2's.
rdp->barrier_lock. It then entrains ->barrier_head for CPU2
and atomically increments rcu_state.barrier_cpu_count, which is
unfortunately not yet initialized to the value 2.
3. The just-entrained RCU callback is invoked. It atomically
decrements rcu_state.barrier_cpu_count and sees that it is
now zero. This callback therefore invokes complete().
4. CPU0 continues executing rcu_barrier(), but is not blocked
by its call to wait_for_completion(). This results in rcu_barrier()
returning before all pre-existing callbacks have been invoked,
which is a bug.
Therefore, synchronization is provided by rcu_state.barrier_lock,
which is also held across the initialization sequence, especially the
rcu_seq_start() and the atomic_set() that sets rcu_state.barrier_cpu_count
to the value 2. In addition, this lock is held when entraining the
rcu_barrier() callback, when deciding whether or not a CPU has callbacks
that rcu_barrier() must wait on, when setting the ->qsmaskinitnext for
incoming CPUs, and when migrating callbacks from a CPU that is going
offline.
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit reworks rcu_barrier() and callback-migration logic to
permit allowing rcu_barrier() to run concurrently with CPU-hotplug
operations. The key trick is for callback migration to check to see if
an rcu_barrier() is in flight, and, if so, enqueue the ->barrier_head
callback on its behalf.
This commit adds synchronization with RCU's CPU-hotplug notifiers. Taken
together, this will permit a later commit to remove the cpus_read_lock()
and cpus_read_unlock() calls from rcu_barrier().
[ paulmck: Updated per kbuild test robot feedback. ]
[ paulmck: Updated per reviews session with Neeraj, Frederic, Uladzislau, and Boqun. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
If we allow architectures to bring APs online in parallel, then we end
up requiring rcu_cpu_starting() to be reentrant. But currently, the
manipulation of rnp->ofl_seq is not thread-safe.
However, rnp->ofl_seq is also fairly much pointless anyway since both
rcu_cpu_starting() and rcu_report_dead() hold rcu_state.ofl_lock for
fairly much the whole time that rnp->ofl_seq is set to an odd number
to indicate that an operation is in progress.
So drop rnp->ofl_seq completely, and use only rcu_state.ofl_lock.
This has a couple of minor complexities: lockdep will complain when we
take rcu_state.ofl_lock, and currently accepts the 'excuse' of having
an odd value in rnp->ofl_seq. So switch it to an arch_spinlock_t to
avoid that false positive complaint. Since we're killing rnp->ofl_seq
of course that 'excuse' has to be changed too, so make it check for
arch_spin_is_locked(rcu_state.ofl_lock).
There's no arch_spin_lock_irqsave() so we have to manually save and
restore local interrupts around the locking.
At Paul's request based on Neeraj's analysis, make rcu_gp_init not just
wait but *exclude* any CPU online/offline activity, which was fairly
much true already by virtue of it holding rcu_state.ofl_lock.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
When the rcutree.use_softirq kernel boot parameter is set to zero, all
RCU_SOFTIRQ processing is carried out by the per-CPU rcuc kthreads.
If these kthreads are being starved, quiescent states will not be
reported, which in turn means that the grace period will not end, which
can in turn trigger RCU CPU stall warnings. This commit therefore dumps
stack traces of stalled CPUs' rcuc kthreads, which can help identify
what is preventing those kthreads from running.
Suggested-by: Ammar Faizi <ammarfaizi2@gnuweeb.org>
Reviewed-by: Ammar Faizi <ammarfaizi2@gnuweeb.org>
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
When multiple CPUs in the same nocb gp/cb group concurrently
come online, they might try to concurrently create the same
rcuog kthread. Fix this by using nocb gp CPU's spawn mutex to
provide mutual exclusion for the rcuog kthread creation code.
[ paulmck: Whitespace fixes per kernel test robot feedback. ]
Acked-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The nocb_gp_wait() function iterates over all CPUs in its group,
including even those CPUs that have been de-offloaded. This is of
course suboptimal, especially if none of the CPUs within the group are
currently offloaded. This will become even more of a problem once a
nocb kthread is created for all possible CPUs.
Therefore use a standard double linked list to link all the offloaded
rcu_data structures and safely add or delete these structure as we
offload or de-offload them, respectively.
Reviewed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Tested-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
rcu_nocb_lock_irqsave() can be preempted between the call to
rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded() and the actual locking. This matters now
that rcu_core() is preemptible on PREEMPT_RT and the (de-)offloading
process can interrupt the softirq or the rcuc kthread.
As a result we may locklessly call into code that requires nocb locking.
In practice this is a problem while we accelerate callbacks on rcu_core().
Simply disabling interrupts before (instead of after) checking the NOCB
offload state fixes the issue.
Reported-and-tested-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Tested-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Having two fields for the same purpose with subtle differences on
different RCU flavours is confusing, especially when both fields always
exist on both RCU flavours.
Fortunately, it is now safe for preemptible RCU to rely on the rcu_data
structure's ->cpu_no_qs.b.exp field, just like non-preemptible RCU.
This commit therefore removes the ad-hoc ->exp_deferred_qs field.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
All of the uses of CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y that I have seen involve
systems with RCU callbacks offloaded. In this situation, all that this
Kconfig option does is slow down idle entry/exit with an additional
allways-taken early exit. If this is the only use case, then this
Kconfig option nothing but an attractive nuisance that needs to go away.
This commit therefore removes the RCU_FAST_NO_HZ Kconfig option.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Fix ~12 single-word typos in RCU code comments.
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from Randy Dunlap. ]
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Now that ->nocb_timer and ->nocb_bypass_timer have become quite similar,
this commit merges them together. A new RCU_NOCB_WAKE_BYPASS wake level
is introduced. As a result, timers perform all kinds of deferred wake
ups but other deferred wakeup callsites only handle non-bypass wakeups
in order not to wake up rcuo too early.
The timer also unconditionally executes a full barrier so as to order
timer_pending() and callback enqueue although the path performing
RCU_NOCB_WAKE_FORCE that makes use of it is debatable. It should also
test against the rdp leader instead of the current rdp.
This unconditional full barrier shouldn't bring visible overhead since
these timers almost never fire.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Tuning the deferred wakeup level must be done from a safe wakeup
point. Currently those sites are:
* ->nocb_timer
* user/idle/guest entry
* CPU down
* softirq/rcuc
All of these sites perform the wake up for both RCU_NOCB_WAKE and
RCU_NOCB_WAKE_FORCE.
In order to merge ->nocb_timer and ->nocb_bypass_timer together, we plan
to add a new RCU_NOCB_WAKE_BYPASS that really should be deferred until
a timer fires so that we don't wake up the NOCB-gp kthread too early.
To prepare for that, this commit specifies the per-callsite wakeup
level/limit.
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
[ paulmck: Fix non-NOCB rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup() definition. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
When any CPU comes online, it checks to see if an RCU-boost kthread has
already been created for that CPU's leaf rcu_node structure, and if
not, it creates one. Unfortunately, it also verifies that this leaf
rcu_node structure actually has at least one online CPU, and if not,
it declines to create the kthread. Although this behavior makes sense
during early boot, especially on systems that claim far more CPUs than
they actually have, it makes no sense for the first CPU to come online
for a given rcu_node structure. There is no point in checking because
we know there is a CPU on its way in.
The problem is that timing differences can cause this incoming CPU to not
yet be reflected in the various bit masks even at rcutree_online_cpu()
time, and there is no chance at rcutree_prepare_cpu() time. Plus it
would be better to create the RCU-boost kthread at rcutree_prepare_cpu()
to handle the case where the CPU is involved in an RCU priority inversion
very shortly after it comes online.
This commit therefore moves the checking to rcu_prepare_kthreads(), which
is called only at early boot, when the check is appropriate. In addition,
it makes rcutree_prepare_cpu() invoke rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(), which
no longer does any checking for online CPUs.
With this change, RCU priority boosting tests now pass for short rcutorture
runs, even with single-CPU leaf rcu_node structures.
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Scott Wood <swood@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
