Some embedded systems have no use for them. This removes about
25KB from the kernel binary size when configured out.
Corresponding syscalls are routed to a stub logging the attempt to
use those syscalls which should be enough of a clue if they were
disabled without proper consideration. They are: timer_create,
timer_gettime: timer_getoverrun, timer_settime, timer_delete,
clock_adjtime, setitimer, getitimer, alarm.
The clock_settime, clock_gettime, clock_getres and clock_nanosleep
syscalls are replaced by simple wrappers compatible with CLOCK_REALTIME,
CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_BOOTTIME only which should cover the vast
majority of use cases with very little code.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Edward Cree <ecree@solarflare.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1478841010-28605-7-git-send-email-nicolas.pitre@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This removes the 'write' and 'force' from get_user_pages_remote() and
replaces them with 'gup_flags' to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit in
callers as use of this flag can result in surprising behaviour (and
hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull m68knommu updates from Greg Ungerer:
"This series is all about Nicolas flat format support for MMU systems.
Traditional m68k no-MMU flat format binaries can now be run on m68k
MMU enabled systems too. The series includes some nice cleanups of
the binfmt_flat code and converts it to using proper user space
accessor functions.
With all this in place you can boot and run a complete no-MMU flat
format based user space on an MMU enabled system"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gerg/m68knommu:
m68k: enable binfmt_flat on systems with an MMU
binfmt_flat: allow compressed flat binary format to work on MMU systems
binfmt_flat: add MMU-specific support
binfmt_flat: update libraries' data segment pointer with userspace accessors
binfmt_flat: use clear_user() rather than memset() to clear .bss
binfmt_flat: use proper user space accessors with old relocs code
binfmt_flat: use proper user space accessors with relocs processing code
binfmt_flat: clean up create_flat_tables() and stack accesses
binfmt_flat: use generic transfer_args_to_stack()
elf_fdpic_transfer_args_to_stack(): make it generic
binfmt_flat: prevent kernel dammage from corrupted executable headers
binfmt_flat: convert printk invocations to their modern form
binfmt_flat: assorted cleanups
m68k: use same start_thread() on MMU and no-MMU
m68k: fix file path comment
m68k: fix bFLT executable running on MMU enabled systems
Some systems are memory constrained but they need to load very large
firmwares. The firmware subsystem allows drivers to request this
firmware be loaded from the filesystem, but this requires that the
entire firmware be loaded into kernel memory first before it's provided
to the driver. This can lead to a situation where we map the firmware
twice, once to load the firmware into kernel memory and once to copy the
firmware into the final resting place.
This creates needless memory pressure and delays loading because we have
to copy from kernel memory to somewhere else. Let's add a
request_firmware_into_buf() API that allows drivers to request firmware
be loaded directly into a pre-allocated buffer. This skips the
intermediate step of allocating a buffer in kernel memory to hold the
firmware image while it's read from the filesystem. It also requires
that drivers know how much memory they'll require before requesting the
firmware and negates any benefits of firmware caching because the
firmware layer doesn't manage the buffer lifetime.
For a 16MB buffer, about half the time is spent performing a memcpy from
the buffer to the final resting place. I see loading times go from
0.081171 seconds to 0.047696 seconds after applying this patch. Plus
the vmalloc pressure is reduced.
This is based on a patch from Vikram Mulukutla on codeaurora.org:
https://www.codeaurora.org/cgit/quic/la/kernel/msm-3.18/commit/drivers/base/firmware_class.c?h=rel/msm-3.18&id=0a328c5f6cd999f5c591f172216835636f39bcb5
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160607164741.31849-4-stephen.boyd@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <stephen.boyd@linaro.org>
Cc: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Vikram Mulukutla <markivx@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This copying of arguments and environment is common to both NOMMU
binary formats we support. Let's make the elf_fdpic version available
to the flat format as well.
While at it, improve the code a bit not to copy below the actual
data area.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@linux-m68k.org>
If a process gets access to a mount from a different user
namespace, that process should not be able to take advantage of
setuid files or selinux entrypoints from that filesystem. Prevent
this by treating mounts from other mount namespaces and those not
owned by current_user_ns() or an ancestor as nosuid.
This will make it safer to allow more complex filesystems to be
mounted in non-root user namespaces.
This does not remove the need for MNT_LOCK_NOSUID. The setuid,
setgid, and file capability bits can no longer be abused if code in
a user namespace were to clear nosuid on an untrusted filesystem,
but this patch, by itself, is insufficient to protect the system
from abuse of files that, when execed, would increase MAC privilege.
As a more concrete explanation, any task that can manipulate a
vfsmount associated with a given user namespace already has
capabilities in that namespace and all of its descendents. If they
can cause a malicious setuid, setgid, or file-caps executable to
appear in that mount, then that executable will only allow them to
elevate privileges in exactly the set of namespaces in which they
are already privileges.
On the other hand, if they can cause a malicious executable to
appear with a dangerous MAC label, running it could change the
caller's security context in a way that should not have been
possible, even inside the namespace in which the task is confined.
As a hardening measure, this would have made CVE-2014-5207 much
more difficult to exploit.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
setup_arg_pages requires mmap_sem for write. If the waiting task gets
killed by the oom killer it would block oom_reaper from asynchronous
address space reclaim and reduce the chances of timely OOM resolving.
Wait for the lock in the killable mode and return with EINTR if the task
got killed while waiting. All the callers are already handling error
path and the fatal signal doesn't need any additional treatment.
The same applies to __bprm_mm_init.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
remove_arg_zero() does free_arg_page() for no reason. This was needed
before and only if CONFIG_MMU=y: see commit 4fc75ff481 ("exec: fix
remove_arg_zero"), install_arg_page() was called for every page != NULL
in bprm->page[] array. Today install_arg_page() has already gone and
free_arg_page() is nop after another commit b6a2fea393 ("mm: variable
length argument support").
CONFIG_MMU=n does free_arg_pages() in free_bprm() and thus it doesn't
need remove_arg_zero()->free_arg_page() too; apart from get_arg_page()
it never checks if the page in bprm->page[] was allocated or not, so the
"extra" non-freed page is fine. OTOH, this free_arg_page() can add the
minor pessimization, the caller is going to do copy_strings_kernel()
right after remove_arg_zero() which will likely need to re-allocate the
same page again.
And as Hujunjie pointed out, the "offset == PAGE_SIZE" check is wrong
because we are going to increment bprm->p once again before return, so
CONFIG_MMU=n "leaks" the page anyway if '0' is the final byte in this
page.
NOTE: remove_arg_zero() assumes that argv[0] is null-terminated but this
is not necessarily true. copy_strings() does "len = strnlen_user(...)",
then copy_from_user(len) but another thread or debuger can overwrite the
trailing '0' in between. Afaics nothing really bad can happen because
we must always have the null-terminated bprm->filename copied by the 1st
copy_strings_kernel(), but perhaps we should change this code to check
"bprm->p < bprm->exec" anyway, and/or change copy_strings() to ensure
that the last byte in string is always zero.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160517155335.GA31435@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reported by: hujunjie <jj.net@163.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull security subsystem updates from James Morris:
"Highlights:
- A new LSM, "LoadPin", from Kees Cook is added, which allows forcing
of modules and firmware to be loaded from a specific device (this
is from ChromeOS, where the device as a whole is verified
cryptographically via dm-verity).
This is disabled by default but can be configured to be enabled by
default (don't do this if you don't know what you're doing).
- Keys: allow authentication data to be stored in an asymmetric key.
Lots of general fixes and updates.
- SELinux: add restrictions for loading of kernel modules via
finit_module(). Distinguish non-init user namespace capability
checks. Apply execstack check on thread stacks"
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (48 commits)
LSM: LoadPin: provide enablement CONFIG
Yama: use atomic allocations when reporting
seccomp: Fix comment typo
ima: add support for creating files using the mknodat syscall
ima: fix ima_inode_post_setattr
vfs: forbid write access when reading a file into memory
fs: fix over-zealous use of "const"
selinux: apply execstack check on thread stacks
selinux: distinguish non-init user namespace capability checks
LSM: LoadPin for kernel file loading restrictions
fs: define a string representation of the kernel_read_file_id enumeration
Yama: consolidate error reporting
string_helpers: add kstrdup_quotable_file
string_helpers: add kstrdup_quotable_cmdline
string_helpers: add kstrdup_quotable
selinux: check ss_initialized before revalidating an inode label
selinux: delay inode label lookup as long as possible
selinux: don't revalidate an inode's label when explicitly setting it
selinux: Change bool variable name to index.
KEYS: Add KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE command
...
This section of code initially looks redundant, but is required. This
improves the comment to explain more clearly why the reset is needed.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch is based on top of the "vfs: support for a common kernel file
loader" patch set. In general when the kernel is reading a file into
memory it does not want anything else writing to it.
The kernel currently only forbids write access to a file being executed.
This patch extends this locking to files being read by the kernel.
Changelog:
- moved function to kernel_read_file() - Mimi
- updated patch description - Mimi
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Kasatkin <dmitry.kasatkin@huawei.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Pull x86 protection key support from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree adds support for a new memory protection hardware feature
that is available in upcoming Intel CPUs: 'protection keys' (pkeys).
There's a background article at LWN.net:
https://lwn.net/Articles/643797/
The gist is that protection keys allow the encoding of
user-controllable permission masks in the pte. So instead of having a
fixed protection mask in the pte (which needs a system call to change
and works on a per page basis), the user can map a (handful of)
protection mask variants and can change the masks runtime relatively
cheaply, without having to change every single page in the affected
virtual memory range.
This allows the dynamic switching of the protection bits of large
amounts of virtual memory, via user-space instructions. It also
allows more precise control of MMU permission bits: for example the
executable bit is separate from the read bit (see more about that
below).
This tree adds the MM infrastructure and low level x86 glue needed for
that, plus it adds a high level API to make use of protection keys -
if a user-space application calls:
mmap(..., PROT_EXEC);
or
mprotect(ptr, sz, PROT_EXEC);
(note PROT_EXEC-only, without PROT_READ/WRITE), the kernel will notice
this special case, and will set a special protection key on this
memory range. It also sets the appropriate bits in the Protection
Keys User Rights (PKRU) register so that the memory becomes unreadable
and unwritable.
So using protection keys the kernel is able to implement 'true'
PROT_EXEC on x86 CPUs: without protection keys PROT_EXEC implies
PROT_READ as well. Unreadable executable mappings have security
advantages: they cannot be read via information leaks to figure out
ASLR details, nor can they be scanned for ROP gadgets - and they
cannot be used by exploits for data purposes either.
We know about no user-space code that relies on pure PROT_EXEC
mappings today, but binary loaders could start making use of this new
feature to map binaries and libraries in a more secure fashion.
There is other pending pkeys work that offers more high level system
call APIs to manage protection keys - but those are not part of this
pull request.
Right now there's a Kconfig that controls this feature
(CONFIG_X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS) that is default enabled
(like most x86 CPU feature enablement code that has no runtime
overhead), but it's not user-configurable at the moment. If there's
any serious problem with this then we can make it configurable and/or
flip the default"
* 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (38 commits)
x86/mm/pkeys: Fix mismerge of protection keys CPUID bits
mm/pkeys: Fix siginfo ABI breakage caused by new u64 field
x86/mm/pkeys: Fix access_error() denial of writes to write-only VMA
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Add execute-only protection keys support
x86/mm/pkeys: Create an x86 arch_calc_vm_prot_bits() for VMA flags
x86/mm/pkeys: Allow kernel to modify user pkey rights register
x86/fpu: Allow setting of XSAVE state
x86/mm: Factor out LDT init from context init
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Add arch_validate_pkey()
mm/core, arch, powerpc: Pass a protection key in to calc_vm_flag_bits()
x86/mm/pkeys: Actually enable Memory Protection Keys in the CPU
x86/mm/pkeys: Add Kconfig prompt to existing config option
x86/mm/pkeys: Dump pkey from VMA in /proc/pid/smaps
x86/mm/pkeys: Dump PKRU with other kernel registers
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Differentiate instruction fetches
x86/mm/pkeys: Optimize fault handling in access_error()
mm/core: Do not enforce PKEY permissions on remote mm access
um, pkeys: Add UML arch_*_access_permitted() methods
mm/gup, x86/mm/pkeys: Check VMAs and PTEs for protection keys
x86/mm/gup: Simplify get_user_pages() PTE bit handling
...
This patch defines kernel_read_file_from_path(), a wrapper for the VFS
common kernel_read_file().
Changelog:
- revert error msg regression - reported by Sergey Senozhatsky
- Separated from the IMA patch
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
To differentiate between the kernel_read_file() callers, this patch
defines a new enumeration named kernel_read_file_id and includes the
caller identifier as an argument.
Subsequent patches define READING_KEXEC_IMAGE, READING_KEXEC_INITRAMFS,
READING_FIRMWARE, READING_MODULE, and READING_POLICY.
Changelog v3:
- Replace the IMA specific enumeration with a generic one.
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
For a while it was looked down upon to directly read files from Linux.
These days there exists a few mechanisms in the kernel that do just
this though to load a file into a local buffer. There are minor but
important checks differences on each. This patch set is the first
attempt at resolving some of these differences.
This patch introduces a common function for reading files from the kernel
with the corresponding security post-read hook and function.
Changelog v4+:
- export security_kernel_post_read_file() - Fengguang Wu
v3:
- additional bounds checking - Luis
v2:
- To simplify patch review, re-ordered patches
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
parallel to mutex_{lock,unlock,trylock,is_locked,lock_nested},
inode_foo(inode) being mutex_foo(&inode->i_mutex).
Please, use those for access to ->i_mutex; over the coming cycle
->i_mutex will become rwsem, with ->lookup() done with it held
only shared.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Today proc and sysfs do not contain any executable files. Several
applications today mount proc or sysfs without noexec and nosuid and
then depend on there being no exectuables files on proc or sysfs.
Having any executable files show on proc or sysfs would cause
a user space visible regression, and most likely security problems.
Therefore commit to never allowing executables on proc and sysfs by
adding a new flag to mark them as filesystems without executables and
enforce that flag.
Test the flag where MNT_NOEXEC is tested today, so that the only user
visible effect will be that exectuables will be treated as if the
execute bit is cleared.
The filesystems proc and sysfs do not currently incoporate any
executable files so this does not result in any user visible effects.
This makes it unnecessary to vet changes to proc and sysfs tightly for
adding exectuable files or changes to chattr that would modify
existing files, as no matter what the individual file say they will
not be treated as exectuable files by the vfs.
Not having to vet changes to closely is important as without this we
are only one proc_create call (or another goof up in the
implementation of notify_change) from having problematic executables
on proc. Those mistakes are all too easy to make and would create
a situation where there are security issues or the assumptions of
some program having to be broken (and cause userspace regressions).
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
On architectures where the stack grows upwards (CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP=y,
currently parisc and metag only) stack randomization sometimes leads to crashes
when the stack ulimit is set to lower values than STACK_RND_MASK (which is 8 MB
by default if not defined in arch-specific headers).
The problem is, that when the stack vm_area_struct is set up in fs/exec.c, the
additional space needed for the stack randomization (as defined by the value of
STACK_RND_MASK) was not taken into account yet and as such, when the stack
randomization code added a random offset to the stack start, the stack
effectively got smaller than what the user defined via rlimit_max(RLIMIT_STACK)
which then sometimes leads to out-of-stack situations and crashes.
This patch fixes it by adding the maximum possible amount of memory (based on
STACK_RND_MASK) which theoretically could be added by the stack randomization
code to the initial stack size. That way, the user-defined stack size is always
guaranteed to be at minimum what is defined via rlimit_max(RLIMIT_STACK).
This bug is currently not visible on the metag architecture, because on metag
STACK_RND_MASK is defined to 0 which effectively disables stack randomization.
The changes to fs/exec.c are inside an "#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP"
section, so it does not affect other platformws beside those where the
stack grows upwards (parisc and metag).
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: linux-metag@vger.kernel.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.16+
This prevents a race between chown() and execve(), where chowning a
setuid-user binary to root would momentarily make the binary setuid
root.
This patch was mostly written by Linus Torvalds.
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We set sig->notify_count = -1 between RELEASE and ACQUIRE operations:
spin_unlock_irq(lock);
...
if (!thread_group_leader(tsk)) {
...
for (;;) {
sig->notify_count = -1;
write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
There are no restriction on it so other processors may see this STORE
mixed with other STOREs in both areas limited by the spinlocks.
Probably, it may be reordered with the above
sig->group_exit_task = tsk;
sig->notify_count = zap_other_threads(tsk);
in some way.
Set it under tasklist_lock locked to be sure nothing will be reordered.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Oleg cleverly suggested using xchg() to set the new mm->exe_file instead
of calling set_mm_exe_file() which requires some form of serialization --
mmap_sem in this case. For archs that do not have atomic rmw instructions
we still fallback to a spinlock alternative, so this should always be
safe. As such, we only need the mmap_sem for looking up the backing
vm_file, which can be done sharing the lock. Naturally, this means we
need to manually deal with both the new and old file reference counting,
and we need not worry about the MMF_EXE_FILE_CHANGED bits, which can
probably be deleted in the future anyway.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
