Pull blk-cg updates from Jens Axboe:
"A bit later in the cycle, but this has been in the block tree for a a
while. This is basically four patchsets from Tejun, that improve our
buffered cgroup writeback. It was dependent on the other cgroup
changes, but they went in earlier in this cycle.
Series 1 is set of 5 patches that has cgroup writeback updates:
- bdi_writeback iteration fix which could lead to some wb's being
skipped or repeated during e.g. sync under memory pressure.
- Simplification of wb work wait mechanism.
- Writeback tracepoints updated to report cgroup.
Series 2 is is a set of updates for the CFQ cgroup writeback handling:
cfq has always charged all async IOs to the root cgroup. It didn't
have much choice as writeback didn't know about cgroups and there
was no way to tell who to blame for a given writeback IO.
writeback finally grew support for cgroups and now tags each
writeback IO with the appropriate cgroup to charge it against.
This patchset updates cfq so that it follows the blkcg each bio is
tagged with. Async cfq_queues are now shared across cfq_group,
which is per-cgroup, instead of per-request_queue cfq_data. This
makes all IOs follow the weight based IO resource distribution
implemented by cfq.
- Switched from GFP_ATOMIC to GFP_NOWAIT as suggested by Jeff.
- Other misc review points addressed, acks added and rebased.
Series 3 is the blkcg policy cleanup patches:
This patchset contains assorted cleanups for blkcg_policy methods
and blk[c]g_policy_data handling.
- alloc/free added for blkg_policy_data. exit dropped.
- alloc/free added for blkcg_policy_data.
- blk-throttle's async percpu allocation is replaced with direct
allocation.
- all methods now take blk[c]g_policy_data instead of blkcg_gq or
blkcg.
And finally, series 4 is a set of patches cleaning up the blkcg stats
handling:
blkcg's stats have always been somwhat of a mess. This patchset
tries to improve the situation a bit.
- The following patches added to consolidate blkcg entry point and
blkg creation. This is in itself is an improvement and helps
colllecting common stats on bio issue.
- per-blkg stats now accounted on bio issue rather than request
completion so that bio based and request based drivers can behave
the same way. The issue was spotted by Vivek.
- cfq-iosched implements custom recursive stats and blk-throttle
implements custom per-cpu stats. This patchset make blkcg core
support both by default.
- cfq-iosched and blk-throttle keep track of the same stats
multiple times. Unify them"
* 'for-4.3/blkcg' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (45 commits)
blkcg: use CGROUP_WEIGHT_* scale for io.weight on the unified hierarchy
blkcg: s/CFQ_WEIGHT_*/CFQ_WEIGHT_LEGACY_*/
blkcg: implement interface for the unified hierarchy
blkcg: misc preparations for unified hierarchy interface
blkcg: separate out tg_conf_updated() from tg_set_conf()
blkcg: move body parsing from blkg_conf_prep() to its callers
blkcg: mark existing cftypes as legacy
blkcg: rename subsystem name from blkio to io
blkcg: refine error codes returned during blkcg configuration
blkcg: remove unnecessary NULL checks from __cfqg_set_weight_device()
blkcg: reduce stack usage of blkg_rwstat_recursive_sum()
blkcg: remove cfqg_stats->sectors
blkcg: move io_service_bytes and io_serviced stats into blkcg_gq
blkcg: make blkg_[rw]stat_recursive_sum() to be able to index into blkcg_gq
blkcg: make blkcg_[rw]stat per-cpu
blkcg: add blkg_[rw]stat->aux_cnt and replace cfq_group->dead_stats with it
blkcg: consolidate blkg creation in blkcg_bio_issue_check()
blk-throttle: improve queue bypass handling
blkcg: move root blkg lookup optimization from throtl_lookup_tg() to __blkg_lookup()
blkcg: inline [__]blkg_lookup()
...
cgroup is trying to make interface consistent across different
controllers. For weight based resource control, the knob should have
the range [1, 10000] and default to 100. This patch updates
cfq-iosched so that the weight range conforms. The internal
calculations have enough range and the widening of the weight range
shouldn't cause any problem.
* blkcg_policy->cpd_bind_fn() is added. If present, this is invoked
when blkcg is attached to a hierarchy.
* cfq_cpd_init() is updated to use the new default value on the
unified hierarchy.
* cfq_cpd_bind() callback is implemented to clear per-blkg configs and
apply the default config matching the hierarchy type.
* cfqd->root_group->[leaf_]weight initialization in cfq_init_queue()
is moved into !CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED block. cfq_cpd_bind() is
now responsible for initializing the initial weights when blkcg is
enabled.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
blkcg interface grew to be the biggest of all controllers and
unfortunately most inconsistent too. The interface files are
inconsistent with a number of cloes duplicates. Some files have
recursive variants while others don't. There's distinction between
normal and leaf weights which isn't intuitive and there are a lot of
stat knobs which don't make much sense outside of debugging and expose
too much implementation details to userland.
In the unified hierarchy, everything is always hierarchical and
internal nodes can't have tasks rendering the two structural issues
twisting the current interface. The interface has to be updated in a
significant anyway and this is a good chance to revamp it as a whole.
This patch implements blkcg interface for the unified hierarchy.
* (from a previous patch) blkcg is identified by "io" instead of
"blkio" on the unified hierarchy. Given that the whole interface is
updated anyway, the rename shouldn't carry noticeable conversion
overhead.
* The original interface consisted of 27 files is replaced with the
following three files.
blkio.stat : per-blkcg stats
blkio.weight : per-cgroup and per-cgroup-queue weight settings
blkio.max : per-cgroup-queue bps and iops max limits
Documentation/cgroups/unified-hierarchy.txt updated accordingly.
v2: blkcg_policy->dfl_cftypes wasn't removed on
blkcg_policy_unregister() corrupting the cftypes list. Fixed.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, both cfq-iosched and blk-throttle keep track of
io_service_bytes and io_serviced stats. While keeping track of them
separately may be useful during development, it doesn't make much
sense otherwise. Also, blk-throttle was counting bio's as IOs while
cfq-iosched request's, which is more confusing than informative.
This patch adds ->stat_bytes and ->stat_ios to blkg (blkcg_gq),
removes the counterparts from cfq-iosched and blk-throttle and let
them print from the common blkg counters. The common counters are
incremented during bio issue in blkcg_bio_issue_check().
The outputs are still filtered by whether the policy has
blkg_policy_data on a given blkg, so cfq's output won't show up if it
has never been used for a given blkg. The only times when the outputs
would differ significantly are when policies are attached on the fly
or elevators are switched back and forth. Those are quite exceptional
operations and I don't think they warrant keeping separate counters.
v3: Update blkio-controller.txt accordingly.
v2: Account IOs during bio issues instead of request completions so
that bio-based drivers can be handled the same way.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Traditionally, each cgroup controller implemented whatever interface
it wanted leading to interfaces which are widely inconsistent.
Examining the requirements of the controllers readily yield that there
are only a few control schemes shared among all.
Two major controllers already had to implement new interface for the
unified hierarchy due to significant structural changes. Let's take
the chance to establish common conventions throughout all controllers.
This patch defines CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN/DFL/MAX to be used on all weight
based control knobs and documents the conventions that controllers
should follow on the unified hierarchy. Except for io.weight knob,
all existing unified hierarchy knobs are already compliant. A
follow-up patch will update io.weight.
v2: Added descriptions of min, low and high knobs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Add documentation derived from kernel/cgroup_pids.c to the relevant
Documentation/ directory, along with a few examples of how to use the
PIDs controller as well an explanation of its peculiarities.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
- threadgroup_lock got reorganized so that its users can pick the
actual locking mechanism to use. Its only user - cgroups - is
updated to use a percpu_rwsem instead of per-process rwsem.
This makes things a bit lighter on hot paths and allows cgroups to
perform and fail multi-task (a process) migrations atomically.
Multi-task migrations are used in several places including the
unified hierarchy.
- Delegation rule and documentation added to unified hierarchy. This
will likely be the last interface update from the cgroup core side
for unified hierarchy before lifting the devel mask.
- Some groundwork for the pids controller which is scheduled to be
merged in the coming devel cycle.
* 'for-4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cgroup: add delegation section to unified hierarchy documentation
cgroup: require write perm on common ancestor when moving processes on the default hierarchy
cgroup: separate out cgroup_procs_write_permission() from __cgroup_procs_write()
kernfs: make kernfs_get_inode() public
MAINTAINERS: add a cgroup core co-maintainer
cgroup: fix uninitialised iterator in for_each_subsys_which
cgroup: replace explicit ss_mask checking with for_each_subsys_which
cgroup: use bitmask to filter for_each_subsys
cgroup: add seq_file forward declaration for struct cftype
cgroup: simplify threadgroup locking
sched, cgroup: replace signal_struct->group_rwsem with a global percpu_rwsem
sched, cgroup: reorganize threadgroup locking
cgroup: switch to unsigned long for bitmasks
cgroup: reorganize include/linux/cgroup.h
cgroup: separate out include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
cgroup: fix some comment typos
When modifying PG_Dirty on cached file pages, update the new
MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DIRTY counter. This is done in the same places where
global NR_FILE_DIRTY is managed. The new memcg stat is visible in the
per memcg memory.stat cgroupfs file. The most recent past attempt at
this was http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.cgroups/8632
The new accounting supports future efforts to add per cgroup dirty
page throttling and writeback. It also helps an administrator break
down a container's memory usage and provides evidence to understand
memcg oom kills (the new dirty count is included in memcg oom kill
messages).
The ability to move page accounting between memcg
(memory.move_charge_at_immigrate) makes this accounting more
complicated than the global counter. The existing
mem_cgroup_{begin,end}_page_stat() lock is used to serialize move
accounting with stat updates.
Typical update operation:
memcg = mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat(page)
if (TestSetPageDirty()) {
[...]
mem_cgroup_update_page_stat(memcg)
}
mem_cgroup_end_page_stat(memcg)
Summary of mem_cgroup_end_page_stat() overhead:
- Without CONFIG_MEMCG it's a no-op
- With CONFIG_MEMCG and no inter memcg task movement, it's just
rcu_read_lock()
- With CONFIG_MEMCG and inter memcg task movement, it's
rcu_read_lock() + spin_lock_irqsave()
A memcg parameter is added to several routines because their callers
now grab mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat() which returns the memcg later
needed by for mem_cgroup_update_page_stat().
Because mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat() may disable interrupts, some
adjustments are needed:
- move __mark_inode_dirty() from __set_page_dirty() to its caller.
__mark_inode_dirty() locking does not want interrupts disabled.
- use spin_lock_irqsave(tree_lock) rather than spin_lock_irq() in
__delete_from_page_cache(), replace_page_cache_page(),
invalidate_complete_page2(), and __remove_mapping().
text data bss dec hex filename
8925147 1774832 1785856 12485835 be84cb vmlinux-!CONFIG_MEMCG-before
8925339 1774832 1785856 12486027 be858b vmlinux-!CONFIG_MEMCG-after
+192 text bytes
8965977 1784992 1785856 12536825 bf4bf9 vmlinux-CONFIG_MEMCG-before
8966750 1784992 1785856 12537598 bf4efe vmlinux-CONFIG_MEMCG-after
+773 text bytes
Performance tests run on v4.0-rc1-36-g4f671fe2f952. Lower is better for
all metrics, they're all wall clock or cycle counts. The read and write
fault benchmarks just measure fault time, they do not include I/O time.
* CONFIG_MEMCG not set:
baseline patched
kbuild 1m25.030000(+-0.088% 3 samples) 1m25.426667(+-0.120% 3 samples)
dd write 100 MiB 0.859211561 +-15.10% 0.874162885 +-15.03%
dd write 200 MiB 1.670653105 +-17.87% 1.669384764 +-11.99%
dd write 1000 MiB 8.434691190 +-14.15% 8.474733215 +-14.77%
read fault cycles 254.0(+-0.000% 10 samples) 253.0(+-0.000% 10 samples)
write fault cycles 2021.2(+-3.070% 10 samples) 1984.5(+-1.036% 10 samples)
* CONFIG_MEMCG=y root_memcg:
baseline patched
kbuild 1m25.716667(+-0.105% 3 samples) 1m25.686667(+-0.153% 3 samples)
dd write 100 MiB 0.855650830 +-14.90% 0.887557919 +-14.90%
dd write 200 MiB 1.688322953 +-12.72% 1.667682724 +-13.33%
dd write 1000 MiB 8.418601605 +-14.30% 8.673532299 +-15.00%
read fault cycles 266.0(+-0.000% 10 samples) 266.0(+-0.000% 10 samples)
write fault cycles 2051.7(+-1.349% 10 samples) 2049.6(+-1.686% 10 samples)
* CONFIG_MEMCG=y non-root_memcg:
baseline patched
kbuild 1m26.120000(+-0.273% 3 samples) 1m25.763333(+-0.127% 3 samples)
dd write 100 MiB 0.861723964 +-15.25% 0.818129350 +-14.82%
dd write 200 MiB 1.669887569 +-13.30% 1.698645885 +-13.27%
dd write 1000 MiB 8.383191730 +-14.65% 8.351742280 +-14.52%
read fault cycles 265.7(+-0.172% 10 samples) 267.0(+-0.000% 10 samples)
write fault cycles 2070.6(+-1.512% 10 samples) 2084.4(+-2.148% 10 samples)
As expected anon page faults are not affected by this patch.
tj: Updated to apply on top of the recent cancel_dirty_page() changes.
Signed-off-by: Sha Zhengju <handai.szj@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"Numerous fixes, the overdue removal of the i2o docs, some new Chinese
translations, and, hopefully, the README fix that will end the flow of
identical patches to that file"
* tag 'docs-for-linus' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6: (34 commits)
Documentation/memcg: update memcg/kmem status
Documentation: blackfin: Makefile: Typo building issue
Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt: correct location of page-types tool
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt: typo fix
doc: Add guest_nice column to example output of `cat /proc/stat'
Documentation/kernel-parameters: Move "eagerfpu" to its right place
Documentation: gpio: Update ACPI part of the document to mention _DSD
docs/completion.txt: Various tweaks and corrections
doc: completion: context, scope and language fixes
Documentation:Update Documentation/zh_CN/arm64/memory.txt
Documentation:Update Documentation/zh_CN/arm64/booting.txt
Documentation: Chinese translation of arm64/legacy_instructions.txt
DocBook media: fix broken EIA hyperlink
Documentation: tweak the maintainers entry
README: Change gzip/bzip2 to xz compression format
README: Update version number reference
doc:pci: Fix typo in Documentation/PCI
Documentation: drm: Use '->' when describing access through pointers.
Documentation: Remove mentioning of block barriers
Documentation/email-clients.txt: Fix one grammar mistake, add extra info about TB
...
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
"Nothing too interesting. Rik made cpuset cooperate better with
isolcpus and there are several other cleanup patches"
* 'for-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cpuset, isolcpus: document relationship between cpusets & isolcpus
cpusets, isolcpus: exclude isolcpus from load balancing in cpusets
sched, isolcpu: make cpu_isolated_map visible outside scheduler
cpuset: initialize cpuset a bit early
cgroup: Use kvfree in pidlist_free()
cgroup: call cgroup_subsys->bind on cgroup subsys initialization
Memcg/kmem reclaim support has been finally merged. Reflect this in the
documentation.
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Document the subtly changed relationship between cpusets and isolcpus.
Turns out the old documentation did not match the code...
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
The memcg control knobs indicate the highest possible value using the
symbolic name "infinity", which is long and awkward to type.
Switch to the string "max", which is just as descriptive but shorter and
sweeter.
This changes a user interface, so do it before the release and before
the development flag is dropped from the default hierarchy.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce the basic control files to account, partition, and limit
memory using cgroups in default hierarchy mode.
This interface versioning allows us to address fundamental design
issues in the existing memory cgroup interface, further explained
below. The old interface will be maintained indefinitely, but a
clearer model and improved workload performance should encourage
existing users to switch over to the new one eventually.
The control files are thus:
- memory.current shows the current consumption of the cgroup and its
descendants, in bytes.
- memory.low configures the lower end of the cgroup's expected
memory consumption range. The kernel considers memory below that
boundary to be a reserve - the minimum that the workload needs in
order to make forward progress - and generally avoids reclaiming
it, unless there is an imminent risk of entering an OOM situation.
- memory.high configures the upper end of the cgroup's expected
memory consumption range. A cgroup whose consumption grows beyond
this threshold is forced into direct reclaim, to work off the
excess and to throttle new allocations heavily, but is generally
allowed to continue and the OOM killer is not invoked.
- memory.max configures the hard maximum amount of memory that the
cgroup is allowed to consume before the OOM killer is invoked.
- memory.events shows event counters that indicate how often the
cgroup was reclaimed while below memory.low, how often it was
forced to reclaim excess beyond memory.high, how often it hit
memory.max, and how often it entered OOM due to memory.max. This
allows users to identify configuration problems when observing a
degradation in workload performance. An overcommitted system will
have an increased rate of low boundary breaches, whereas increased
rates of high limit breaches, maximum hits, or even OOM situations
will indicate internally overcommitted cgroups.
For existing users of memory cgroups, the following deviations from
the current interface are worth pointing out and explaining:
- The original lower boundary, the soft limit, is defined as a limit
that is per default unset. As a result, the set of cgroups that
global reclaim prefers is opt-in, rather than opt-out. The costs
for optimizing these mostly negative lookups are so high that the
implementation, despite its enormous size, does not even provide
the basic desirable behavior. First off, the soft limit has no
hierarchical meaning. All configured groups are organized in a
global rbtree and treated like equal peers, regardless where they
are located in the hierarchy. This makes subtree delegation
impossible. Second, the soft limit reclaim pass is so aggressive
that it not just introduces high allocation latencies into the
system, but also impacts system performance due to overreclaim, to
the point where the feature becomes self-defeating.
The memory.low boundary on the other hand is a top-down allocated
reserve. A cgroup enjoys reclaim protection when it and all its
ancestors are below their low boundaries, which makes delegation
of subtrees possible. Secondly, new cgroups have no reserve per
default and in the common case most cgroups are eligible for the
preferred reclaim pass. This allows the new low boundary to be
efficiently implemented with just a minor addition to the generic
reclaim code, without the need for out-of-band data structures and
reclaim passes. Because the generic reclaim code considers all
cgroups except for the ones running low in the preferred first
reclaim pass, overreclaim of individual groups is eliminated as
well, resulting in much better overall workload performance.
- The original high boundary, the hard limit, is defined as a strict
limit that can not budge, even if the OOM killer has to be called.
But this generally goes against the goal of making the most out of
the available memory. The memory consumption of workloads varies
during runtime, and that requires users to overcommit. But doing
that with a strict upper limit requires either a fairly accurate
prediction of the working set size or adding slack to the limit.
Since working set size estimation is hard and error prone, and
getting it wrong results in OOM kills, most users tend to err on
the side of a looser limit and end up wasting precious resources.
The memory.high boundary on the other hand can be set much more
conservatively. When hit, it throttles allocations by forcing
them into direct reclaim to work off the excess, but it never
invokes the OOM killer. As a result, a high boundary that is
chosen too aggressively will not terminate the processes, but
instead it will lead to gradual performance degradation. The user
can monitor this and make corrections until the minimal memory
footprint that still gives acceptable performance is found.
In extreme cases, with many concurrent allocations and a complete
breakdown of reclaim progress within the group, the high boundary
can be exceeded. But even then it's mostly better to satisfy the
allocation from the slack available in other groups or the rest of
the system than killing the group. Otherwise, memory.max is there
to limit this type of spillover and ultimately contain buggy or
even malicious applications.
- The original control file names are unwieldy and inconsistent in
many different ways. For example, the upper boundary hit count is
exported in the memory.failcnt file, but an OOM event count has to
be manually counted by listening to memory.oom_control events, and
lower boundary / soft limit events have to be counted by first
setting a threshold for that value and then counting those events.
Also, usage and limit files encode their units in the filename.
That makes the filenames very long, even though this is not
information that a user needs to be reminded of every time they
type out those names.
To address these naming issues, as well as to signal clearly that
the new interface carries a new configuration model, the naming
conventions in it necessarily differ from the old interface.
- The original limit files indicate the state of an unset limit with
a very high number, and a configured limit can be unset by echoing
-1 into those files. But that very high number is implementation
and architecture dependent and not very descriptive. And while -1
can be understood as an underflow into the highest possible value,
-2 or -10M etc. do not work, so it's not inconsistent.
memory.low, memory.high, and memory.max will use the string
"infinity" to indicate and set the highest possible value.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use seq_puts() for basic strings]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge second patchbomb from Andrew Morton:
- the rest of MM
- misc fs fixes
- add execveat() syscall
- new ratelimit feature for fault-injection
- decompressor updates
- ipc/ updates
- fallocate feature creep
- fsnotify cleanups
- a few other misc things
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (99 commits)
cgroups: Documentation: fix trivial typos and wrong paragraph numberings
parisc: percpu: update comments referring to __get_cpu_var
percpu: update local_ops.txt to reflect this_cpu operations
percpu: remove __get_cpu_var and __raw_get_cpu_var macros
fsnotify: remove destroy_list from fsnotify_mark
fsnotify: unify inode and mount marks handling
fallocate: create FAN_MODIFY and IN_MODIFY events
mm/cma: make kmemleak ignore CMA regions
slub: fix cpuset check in get_any_partial
slab: fix cpuset check in fallback_alloc
shmdt: use i_size_read() instead of ->i_size
ipc/shm.c: fix overly aggressive shmdt() when calls span multiple segments
ipc/msg: increase MSGMNI, remove scaling
ipc/sem.c: increase SEMMSL, SEMMNI, SEMOPM
ipc/sem.c: change memory barrier in sem_lock() to smp_rmb()
lib/decompress.c: consistency of compress formats for kernel image
decompress_bunzip2: off by one in get_next_block()
usr/Kconfig: make initrd compression algorithm selection not expert
fault-inject: add ratelimit option
ratelimit: add initialization macro
...
Pull documentation update from Jonathan Corbet:
"Here's my set of accumulated documentation changes for 3.19.
It includes a couple of additions to the coding style document, some
fixes for minor build problems within the documentation tree, the
relocation of the kselftest docs, and various tweaks and additions.
A couple of changes reach outside of Documentation/; they only make
trivial comment changes and I did my best to get the required acks.
Complete with a shiny signed tag this time around"
* tag 'docs-for-linus' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6:
kobject: grammar fix
Input: xpad - update docs to reflect current state
Documentation: Build mic/mpssd only for x86_64
cgroups: Documentation: fix wrong cgroupfs paths
Documentation/email-clients.txt: add info about Claws Mail
CodingStyle: add some more error handling guidelines
kselftest: Move the docs to the Documentation dir
Documentation: fix formatting to make 's' happy
Documentation: power: Fix typo in Documentation/power
Documentation: vm: Add 1GB large page support information
ipv4: add kernel parameter tcpmhash_entries
Documentation: Fix a typo in mailbox.txt
treewide: Fix typo in Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers
CodingStyle: Add a chapter on conditional compilation
Memory cgroups used to have 5 per-page pointers. To allow users to
disable that amount of overhead during runtime, those pointers were
allocated in a separate array, with a translation layer between them and
struct page.
There is now only one page pointer remaining: the memcg pointer, that
indicates which cgroup the page is associated with when charged. The
complexity of runtime allocation and the runtime translation overhead is
no longer justified to save that *potential* 0.19% of memory. With
CONFIG_SLUB, page->mem_cgroup actually sits in the doubleword padding
after the page->private member and doesn't even increase struct page,
and then this patch actually saves space. Remaining users that care can
still compile their kernels without CONFIG_MEMCG.
text data bss dec hex filename
8828345 1725264 983040 11536649 b00909 vmlinux.old
8827425 1725264 966656 11519345 afc571 vmlinux.new
[mhocko@suse.cz: update Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All memory accounting and limiting has been switched over to the
lockless page counters. Bye, res_counter!
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt]
[mhocko@suse.cz: ditch the last remainings of res_counter]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory is internally accounted in bytes, using spinlock-protected 64-bit
counters, even though the smallest accounting delta is a page. The
counter interface is also convoluted and does too many things.
Introduce a new lockless word-sized page counter API, then change all
memory accounting over to it. The translation from and to bytes then only
happens when interfacing with userspace.
The removed locking overhead is noticable when scaling beyond the per-cpu
charge caches - on a 4-socket machine with 144-threads, the following test
shows the performance differences of 288 memcgs concurrently running a
page fault benchmark:
vanilla:
18631648.500498 task-clock (msec) # 140.643 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.33% )
1,380,638 context-switches # 0.074 K/sec ( +- 0.75% )
24,390 cpu-migrations # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 8.44% )
1,843,305,768 page-faults # 0.099 M/sec ( +- 0.00% )
50,134,994,088,218 cycles # 2.691 GHz ( +- 0.33% )
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
8,049,712,224,651 instructions # 0.16 insns per cycle ( +- 0.04% )
1,586,970,584,979 branches # 85.176 M/sec ( +- 0.05% )
1,724,989,949 branch-misses # 0.11% of all branches ( +- 0.48% )
132.474343877 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.21% )
lockless:
12195979.037525 task-clock (msec) # 133.480 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.18% )
832,850 context-switches # 0.068 K/sec ( +- 0.54% )
15,624 cpu-migrations # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 10.17% )
1,843,304,774 page-faults # 0.151 M/sec ( +- 0.00% )
32,811,216,801,141 cycles # 2.690 GHz ( +- 0.18% )
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
9,999,265,091,727 instructions # 0.30 insns per cycle ( +- 0.10% )
2,076,759,325,203 branches # 170.282 M/sec ( +- 0.12% )
1,656,917,214 branch-misses # 0.08% of all branches ( +- 0.55% )
91.369330729 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.45% )
On top of improved scalability, this also gets rid of the icky long long
types in the very heart of memcg, which is great for 32 bit and also makes
the code a lot more readable.
Notable differences between the old and new API:
- res_counter_charge() and res_counter_charge_nofail() become
page_counter_try_charge() and page_counter_charge() resp. to match
the more common kernel naming scheme of try_do()/do()
- res_counter_uncharge_until() is only ever used to cancel a local
counter and never to uncharge bigger segments of a hierarchy, so
it's replaced by the simpler page_counter_cancel()
- res_counter_set_limit() is replaced by page_counter_limit(), which
expects its callers to serialize against themselves
- res_counter_memparse_write_strategy() is replaced by
page_counter_limit(), which rounds down to the nearest page size -
rather than up. This is more reasonable for explicitely requested
hard upper limits.
- to keep charging light-weight, page_counter_try_charge() charges
speculatively, only to roll back if the result exceeds the limit.
Because of this, a failing bigger charge can temporarily lock out
smaller charges that would otherwise succeed. The error is bounded
to the difference between the smallest and the biggest possible
charge size, so for memcg, this means that a failing THP charge can
send base page charges into reclaim upto 2MB (4MB) before the limit
would have been reached. This should be acceptable.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add includes for WARN_ON_ONCE and memparse]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add includes for WARN_ON_ONCE, memparse, strncmp, and PAGE_SIZE]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
