ARMSX2/pcsx2/Memory.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 PCSX2 Dev Team
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0+

/*

RAM
---
0x00100000-0x01ffffff this is the physical address for the ram.its cached there
0x20100000-0x21ffffff uncached
0x30100000-0x31ffffff uncached & accelerated
0xa0000000-0xa1ffffff MIRROR might...???
0x80000000-0x81ffffff MIRROR might... ????

scratch pad
----------
0x70000000-0x70003fff scratch pad

BIOS
----
0x1FC00000 - 0x1FFFFFFF un-cached
0x9FC00000 - 0x9FFFFFFF cached
0xBFC00000 - 0xBFFFFFFF un-cached
*/

#include "DEV9/DEV9.h"
#include "IopHw.h"
#include "GS/Renderers/Common/GSFunctionMap.h"
#include "GS.h"
#include "Host.h"
#include "MTVU.h"
#include "SPU2/spu2.h"
#include "SaveState.h"
#include "VUmicro.h"

#include "ps2/HwInternal.h"
#include "ps2/BiosTools.h"

#include "common/AlignedMalloc.h"
#include "common/Error.h"

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#ifdef __linux__
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif

#ifdef ENABLECACHE
#include "Cache.h"
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include "common/Darwin/DarwinMisc.h"
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#endif

namespace Ps2MemSize
{
	u32 ExposedRam = MainRam;
	u32 ExposedIopRam = IopRam;
} // namespace Ps2MemSize

namespace SysMemory
{
	static bool AllocateMemoryMap();
	static void DumpMemoryMap();
	static void ReleaseMemoryMap();

	static u8* s_data_memory;
	static void* s_data_memory_file_handle;
	static u8* s_code_memory;
	static std::unique_ptr<SharedMemoryMappingArea> s_memory_mapping_area;
	static std::unique_ptr<SharedMemoryMappingArea> s_code_mapping_area;
} // namespace SysMemory

static void memAllocate();
static void memReset();
static void memRelease();

int MemMode = 0;		// 0 is Kernel Mode, 1 is Supervisor Mode, 2 is User Mode

static u16 s_ba[0xff];
static u16 s_dve_regs[0xff];
static bool s_ba_command_executing = false;
static bool s_ba_error_detected = false;
static u16 s_ba_current_reg = 0;
static bool s_extra_memory = false;

namespace HostMemoryMap
{
	// For debuggers
	extern "C" {
#ifdef _WIN32
	_declspec(dllexport) uptr EEmem, IOPmem, VUmem;
#else
	__attribute__((visibility("default"), used)) uptr EEmem, IOPmem, VUmem;
#endif
	}
} // namespace HostMemoryMap

bool SysMemory::AllocateMemoryMap()
{
	s_data_memory_file_handle = HostSys::CreateSharedMemory(HostSys::GetFileMappingName("pcsx2").c_str(), HostMemoryMap::MainSize);
	if (!s_data_memory_file_handle)
	{
		Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "Failed to create shared memory file.");
		ReleaseMemoryMap();
		return false;
	}

	// Constant-VA placement for the on-disk VU program cache: on arm64 the
	// data + code reservations must sit at the same VAs every run so cached
	// JIT code reloads without repatching its baked addresses. 4GB clears the
	// ASLR brk window (non-PIE image at 0x400000 + brk randomization < 2GB) and
	// sits far below the mmap_base / PIE-load regions, so the slot-0 candidate
	// succeeds deterministically; Create() walks 256MB-stride fallback slots and
	// finally kernel placement (program-cache misses, never corruption). Other
	// arches pass 0 and take kernel-chosen placement. The code area is hinted
	// directly after the data area, reproducing a contiguous arena when both land.
#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
	constexpr uptr kArenaBase = 0x100000000ull; // 4GB
#else
	constexpr uptr kArenaBase = 0;
#endif

	Console.WriteLn("@@MAC_MEMMAP@@ data_area_begin size=%zu", static_cast<size_t>(HostMemoryMap::MainSize));
	if (!(s_memory_mapping_area = SharedMemoryMappingArea::Create(HostMemoryMap::MainSize, false, kArenaBase)))
	{
		Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "Failed to map main memory.");
		ReleaseMemoryMap();
		return false;
	}

	if ((s_data_memory = s_memory_mapping_area->Map(s_data_memory_file_handle, 0, s_memory_mapping_area->BasePointer(), HostMemoryMap::MainSize, PageAccess_ReadWrite())) == nullptr)
	{
		Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "Failed to map data memory.");
		ReleaseMemoryMap();
		return false;
	}

	Console.WriteLn("@@MAC_MEMMAP@@ code_area_begin size=%zu", static_cast<size_t>(HostMemoryMap::CodeSize));
#if defined(__APPLE__) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE && !TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
	// [iOS] Code is allocated separately via DarwinMisc dual-mapping (W^X RW/RX aliases),
	// not through SharedMemoryMappingArea. iOS rejects PROT_NONE MAP_JIT and MAP_FIXED+MAP_JIT,
	// so the generic SharedMemoryMappingArea code path is unusable here.
	//
	// In forced-interpreter mode (JIT unavailable/expired), skip executable code
	// allocation entirely. The interpreter does not generate native code, and
	// intCpu::Reserve() never touches s_code_memory.
	if (!DarwinMisc::iPSX2_FORCE_EE_INTERP)
	{
		s_code_memory = static_cast<u8*>(DarwinMisc::MmapCodeDualMap(HostMemoryMap::CodeSize));
		if (!s_code_memory)
		{
			DarwinMisc::iPSX2_FORCE_EE_INTERP = 1;
			Console.Warning("iOS executable code-memory allocation failed; continuing with interpreter providers");
			std::fprintf(stderr, "@@JIT_FALLBACK@@ reason=ios_code_alloc_failed backend=interpreter\n");
			std::fflush(stderr);
		}
		else
		{
			Console.WriteLn("@@P43_OFFSET@@ g_code_rw_offset=%ld rw_base=%p size=%zu",
				(long)DarwinMisc::g_code_rw_offset, reinterpret_cast<void*>(DarwinMisc::g_code_rw_base),
				static_cast<size_t>(DarwinMisc::g_code_rw_size));
		}
	}
	else
	{
		Console.WriteLn("[iOS] Skipping code-memory allocation \u2014 interpreter-only mode (iPSX2_FORCE_EE_INTERP=1)");
		s_code_memory = nullptr;
	}
#else
#ifdef __APPLE__
	// [jit-transplant] CI-only test hook: ARMSX2_FORCE_DUAL_MAP=1 routes macOS
	// through the iOS dual-map allocator (vm_remap RW alias, g_code_rw_offset
	// != 0) so the recompiler test suite exercises every RW-alias write path
	// without an iOS device. Production macOS takes the SharedMemoryMappingArea
	// MAP_JIT path below, unchanged.
	const bool skip_code_memory = DarwinMisc::iPSX2_FORCE_EE_INTERP;
	const char* const force_dual_map = std::getenv("ARMSX2_FORCE_DUAL_MAP");
	if (skip_code_memory)
	{
		Console.WriteLn("[Apple] Skipping code-memory allocation — interpreter-only mode");
		s_code_memory = nullptr;
	}
	else if (force_dual_map && std::atoi(force_dual_map) == 1)
	{
		if ((s_code_memory = static_cast<u8*>(DarwinMisc::MmapCodeDualMap(HostMemoryMap::CodeSize))) == nullptr)
		{
			Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "Failed to allocate forced dual-map code memory.");
			ReleaseMemoryMap();
			return false;
		}
	}
	else
#endif
	{
		if (!(s_code_mapping_area = SharedMemoryMappingArea::Create(HostMemoryMap::CodeSize, true, kArenaBase ? kArenaBase + HostMemoryMap::MainSize : 0)))
		{
			Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "Failed to map code memory.");
			ReleaseMemoryMap();
			return false;
		}

		if ((s_code_memory = s_code_mapping_area->Map(nullptr, 0, s_code_mapping_area->BasePointer(), HostMemoryMap::CodeSize, PageAccess_Any())) == nullptr)
		{
			Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "Failed to allocate code memory.");
			ReleaseMemoryMap();
			return false;
		}
	}
#endif

#ifdef __linux__
	// FX-15 (design credit FEX-Emu): back the hot JIT code caches with
	// transparent hugepages to cut iTLB pressure. madvise is what the
	// Rocknix default THP mode ("madvise") honors, and the code half is a
	// private anonymous mapping, which is what THP backs. Scoped to the
	// EE+IOP and mVU0+mVU1 rec caches — each pair contiguous in the map —
	// leaving the VIF/SW-renderer tail alone. A/B off-arm: launch under
	// prctl(PR_SET_THP_DISABLE) (see tools/perf/fx15_thp_ab.sh) — it
	// survives execve, so no in-tree gate is needed.
	static_assert(HostMemoryMap::IOPrecOffset == HostMemoryMap::EErecOffset + HostMemoryMap::EErecSize);
	static_assert(HostMemoryMap::mVU1recOffset == HostMemoryMap::mVU0recOffset + HostMemoryMap::mVU0recSize);
	madvise(s_code_memory + HostMemoryMap::EErecOffset,
		HostMemoryMap::EErecSize + HostMemoryMap::IOPrecSize, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
	madvise(s_code_memory + HostMemoryMap::mVU0recOffset,
		HostMemoryMap::mVU0recSize + HostMemoryMap::mVU1recSize, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
#endif

	HostMemoryMap::EEmem = (uptr)(s_data_memory + HostMemoryMap::EEmemOffset);
	HostMemoryMap::IOPmem = (uptr)(s_data_memory + HostMemoryMap::IOPmemOffset);
	HostMemoryMap::VUmem = (uptr)(s_data_memory + HostMemoryMap::VUmemOffset);

#ifdef __APPLE__
	DarwinMisc::SetJitRange(s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::CodeSize);
	Console.WriteLn("@@P43_OFFSET@@ g_code_rw_offset=%ld", (long)DarwinMisc::g_code_rw_offset);
#endif

	DumpMemoryMap();
	return true;
}

void SysMemory::DumpMemoryMap()
{
#define DUMP_REGION(name, base, offset, size) \
	DevCon.WriteLn(Color_Gray, "  %-32s @ 0x%016" PRIXPTR " -> 0x%016" PRIXPTR " %s", name, \
		(uptr)(base + offset), (uptr)(base + offset + size), fmt::format("[{}mb]", size / _1mb).c_str());

	DUMP_REGION("EE Main Memory", s_data_memory, HostMemoryMap::EEmemOffset, HostMemoryMap::EEmemSize);
	DUMP_REGION("IOP Main Memory", s_data_memory, HostMemoryMap::IOPmemOffset, HostMemoryMap::IOPmemSize);
	DUMP_REGION("VU0/1 On-Chip Memory", s_data_memory, HostMemoryMap::VUmemOffset, HostMemoryMap::VUmemSize);
	DUMP_REGION("VTLB Virtual Map", s_data_memory, HostMemoryMap::VTLBVirtualMapOffset, HostMemoryMap::VTLBVirtualMapSize);
	DUMP_REGION("VTLB Address Map", s_data_memory, HostMemoryMap::VTLBAddressMapOffset, HostMemoryMap::VTLBAddressMapSize);

	if (HasCodeMemory())
	{
		DUMP_REGION("R5900 Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::EErecOffset, HostMemoryMap::EErecSize);
		DUMP_REGION("R3000A Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::IOPrecOffset, HostMemoryMap::IOPrecSize);
		DUMP_REGION("Micro VU0 Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::mVU0recOffset, HostMemoryMap::mVU0recSize);
		DUMP_REGION("Micro VU1 Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::mVU1recOffset, HostMemoryMap::mVU1recSize);
		DUMP_REGION("VIF0 Unpack Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::VIF0recOffset, HostMemoryMap::VIF0recSize);
		DUMP_REGION("VIF1 Unpack Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::VIF1recOffset, HostMemoryMap::VIF1recSize);
		DUMP_REGION("VIF Unpack Recompiler Cache", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::VIFUnpackRecOffset, HostMemoryMap::VIFUnpackRecSize);
		DUMP_REGION("GS Software Renderer", s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::SWrecOffset, HostMemoryMap::SWrecSize);
	}
	else
	{
		DevCon.WriteLn(Color_Gray, "  Executable code caches unavailable (interpreter-only mode)");
	}

#undef DUMP_REGION
}

void SysMemory::ReleaseMemoryMap()
{
	if (s_code_memory)
	{
#if defined(__APPLE__) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE && !TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
		DarwinMisc::MunmapCodeDualMap(s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::CodeSize);
#else
		if (s_code_mapping_area)
			s_code_mapping_area->Unmap(s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::CodeSize, false);
#ifdef __APPLE__
		else
			// macOS ARMSX2_FORCE_DUAL_MAP test hook allocated via MmapCodeDualMap.
			DarwinMisc::MunmapCodeDualMap(s_code_memory, HostMemoryMap::CodeSize);
#endif
#endif
		s_code_memory = nullptr;
	}
	s_code_mapping_area.reset();
#ifdef __APPLE__
	DarwinMisc::SetJitRange(nullptr, 0);
#endif

	if (s_data_memory)
	{
		if (s_memory_mapping_area)
			s_memory_mapping_area->Unmap(s_data_memory, HostMemoryMap::MainSize, true);
		s_data_memory = nullptr;
	}

	s_memory_mapping_area.reset();

	if (s_data_memory_file_handle)
	{
		HostSys::DestroySharedMemory(s_data_memory_file_handle);
		s_data_memory_file_handle = nullptr;
	}
}

void SysMemory::ReserveMemory()
{
	// Claim the host memory map (and the arm64 constant-VA arena) up front, so
	// the fixed-base placement isn't lost to an intervening heap/mmap. Idempotent.
	if (!s_data_memory_file_handle)
		AllocateMemoryMap();
}

bool SysMemory::Allocate()
{
	DevCon.WriteLn(Color_StrongBlue, "Allocating host memory for virtual systems...");

	if (!s_data_memory_file_handle && !AllocateMemoryMap())
		return false;

	memAllocate();
	iopMemAlloc();
	vuMemAllocate();

	if (!vtlb_Core_Alloc())
	{
		// Clean up already-allocated memory so the destructor doesn't assert
		// ("No mappings left") on a failed boot path.
		vuMemRelease();
		iopMemRelease();
		memRelease();
		ReleaseMemoryMap();
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

void SysMemory::Reset()
{
	DevCon.WriteLn(Color_StrongBlue, "Resetting host memory for virtual systems...");

	memReset();
	iopMemReset();
	vuMemReset();

	// Note: newVif is reset as part of other VIF structures.
	// Software is reset on the GS thread.
}

void SysMemory::Release()
{
	Console.WriteLn(Color_Blue, "Releasing host memory for virtual systems...");

	vtlb_Core_Free(); // Just to be sure... (calling order could result in it getting missed during Decommit).

	vuMemRelease();
	iopMemRelease();
	memRelease();

	ReleaseMemoryMap();
}

bool SysMemory::IsAllocated()
{
	return s_data_memory != nullptr;
}

bool SysMemory::HasCodeMemory()
{
	return s_code_memory != nullptr;
}

u8* SysMemory::GetDataPtr(size_t offset)
{
	pxAssert(offset <= HostMemoryMap::MainSize);
	return s_data_memory + offset;
}

u8* SysMemory::GetCodePtr(size_t offset)
{
	pxAssert(offset <= HostMemoryMap::CodeSize);
	return s_code_memory ? (s_code_memory + offset) : nullptr;
}

void* SysMemory::GetDataFileHandle()
{
	return s_data_memory_file_handle;
}

bool memGetExtraMemMode()
{
	return s_extra_memory;
}

void memSetExtraMemMode(bool mode)
{
#ifdef ARCH_ARM64
	// The ARM64 EE recompiler is MainRam-only: its LUT loop, recLutEntries, the
	// recRAM advance, the alias mask and the manual_page/manual_counter arrays are
	// all sized to Ps2MemSize::MainRam, where the x86 rec sizes the same things to
	// ExposedRam. Pages 0x0200-0x1FFF therefore keep the unmapped default, and
	// dispatching into one lands on UnmappedRecLUTPage -> recError. Converting all
	// of them together is real work and has to happen as one change (c4d0a8a47c
	// spells out why); until it does, refuse the setting at the seam rather than
	// let a user-selectable option fail as a recError deep inside a game. The
	// interpreter handles the 128MB map fine, so gate on the recompiler only.
	if (mode && EmuConfig.Cpu.Recompiler.EnableEE)
	{
		Console.Warning("Extended RAM (128MB) is not supported by the ARM64 EE recompiler; ignoring it. "
						"Disable the EE recompiler if you need it.");
		mode = false;
	}
#endif

	s_extra_memory = mode;

	// update the amount of RAM exposed to the VM
	Ps2MemSize::ExposedRam = mode ? Ps2MemSize::TotalRam : Ps2MemSize::MainRam;
	Ps2MemSize::ExposedIopRam = mode ? Ps2MemSize::TotalIopRam: Ps2MemSize::IopRam;
}

void memSetKernelMode() {
	//Do something here
	MemMode = 0;
}

void memSetSupervisorMode() {
}

void memSetUserMode() {

}

// These regs are related to DEV9 and DVE stuff, we don't have to go crazy with this, but this sucks less than the original code
void ba0W16(u32 mem, u16 value)
{
	//MEM_LOG("ba000000 Memory write16 address %x value %x", mem, value);
	u32 masked_mem = (mem & 0xFF);

	if (masked_mem == 0x6) // Status Reg
	{
		s_ba[0x6] &= ~3;
	}
	else
		s_ba[masked_mem] = value;

	if (masked_mem == 0x00) // Command Execute Reg
	{
		if (s_ba[0x2] == 0x4F || s_ba[0x2] == 0x41)
		{
			DevCon.Warning("Error running DVE command, Control Reg value set to %x", value);
			s_ba_error_detected = true;
		}
		else if (s_ba[masked_mem] & 0x80) // Start executing
		{
			if (s_ba[0x2] == 0x43) // Write Mode
			{
				int size = (s_ba[masked_mem] & 0xF);
				s_ba_current_reg = s_ba[0x10];
				size--;

				// 0x10->0x22 seems to be some sort of FIFO, with 0x10 generally being the register to read/write
				for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				{
					s_dve_regs[s_ba_current_reg] = s_ba[0x12 + i];
				}

				s_ba_command_executing = true;
				s_ba_error_detected = false;
			}
			else if (s_ba[0x2] == 0x42) // Read Mode
			{
				int size = (s_ba[masked_mem] & 0xF);

				for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
					s_ba[0x10 + i] = s_dve_regs[s_ba_current_reg]; // Probably not right but we don't access the real regs, will be enough for now.
				s_ba_command_executing = true;
				s_ba_error_detected = false;
			}
		}
	}
	else if (masked_mem == 0xA) // Power/Standby (?) Reg
	{
		if (value == 0)
			s_ba_error_detected = true;
		else
			s_ba_error_detected = false;

		DevCon.Warning("DVE powered %s", value == 0 ? "off" : "on");
	}
}

u16 ba0R16(u32 mem)
{
	//MEM_LOG("ba000000 Memory read16 address %x", mem);

	if (mem == 0x1a000006)
	{
		// 0xba00000A bit 0 is kind of an "on" switch. bit 0 of ba000006 seems to be the powered off/error bit.
		// bit 1 in ba000006 seems to be "ready".
		u16 return_val = (s_ba[0x6] & 2);

		if (s_ba_error_detected)
			return_val |= 1;

		if (s_ba[0x6] < 3 && s_ba_command_executing)
			s_ba[0x6]++;
		else
			s_ba_command_executing = false;

		return return_val;
	}

	return s_ba[mem & 0x1F];
}

#define CHECK_MEM(mem) //MyMemCheck(mem)

void MyMemCheck(u32 mem)
{
    if ( mem == 0x1c02f2a0 )
        Console.WriteLn("yo; (mem == 0x1c02f2a0) in MyMemCheck...");
}

/////////////////////////////
// REGULAR MEM START
/////////////////////////////
static vtlbHandler
	null_handler,

	tlb_fallback_0,
	tlb_fallback_2,
	tlb_fallback_3,
	tlb_fallback_4,
	tlb_fallback_5,
	tlb_fallback_6,
	tlb_fallback_7,
	tlb_fallback_8,

	vu0_micro_mem,
	vu1_micro_mem,
	vu1_data_mem,

	hw_by_page[0x10] = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF},

	gs_page_0,
	gs_page_1,

	iopHw_by_page_01,
	iopHw_by_page_03,
	iopHw_by_page_08,
	iop_memory;


void memMapVUmicro()
{
	// VU0/VU1 micro mem (instructions)
	// (Like IOP memory, these are generally only used by the EE Bios kernel during
	//  boot-up.  Applications/games are "supposed" to use the thread-safe VIF instead;
	//  or must ensure all VIF/GIF transfers are finished and all VUmicro execution stopped
	//  prior to accessing VU memory directly).

	// The VU0 mapping actually repeats 4 times across the mapped range, but we don't bother
	// to manually mirror it here because the indirect memory handler for it (see vuMicroRead*
	// functions below) automatically mask and wrap the address for us.

	vtlb_MapHandler(vu0_micro_mem,0x11000000,0x00004000);
	vtlb_MapHandler(vu1_micro_mem,0x11008000,0x00004000);

	// VU0/VU1 memory (data)
	// VU0 is 4k, mirrored 4 times across a 16k area.
	vtlb_MapBlock(VU0.Mem,0x11004000,0x00004000,0x1000);
	// Note: In order for the below conditional to work correctly
	// support needs to be coded to reset the memMappings when MTVU is
	// turned off/on. For now we just always use the vu data handlers...
	if (1||THREAD_VU1) vtlb_MapHandler(vu1_data_mem,0x1100c000,0x00004000);
	else               vtlb_MapBlock  (VU1.Mem,     0x1100c000,0x00004000);
}

void memMapPhy()
{
	// Main memory
	vtlb_MapBlock(eeMem->Main,	0x00000000,Ps2MemSize::ExposedRam);//mirrored on first 256 mb ?

	// High memory, uninstalled on the configuration we emulate
	vtlb_MapHandler(null_handler, Ps2MemSize::ExposedRam, 0x10000000 - Ps2MemSize::ExposedRam);

	// Physical RAM mirrors used by BIOS InitRDRAM for RDRAM device configuration.
	// On real PS2 hardware:
	//   0x20000000-0x21FFFFFF = uncached mirror of main RAM
	//   0x30000000-0x31FFFFFF = uncached & accelerated mirror of main RAM
	// These mirrors must be present in the physical map; without them, BIOS writes
	// to RDRAM device registers hit UnmappedPhyHandler (bus error).
	// Requires VTLB_PMAP_SZ >= 1GB to cover these addresses.
	vtlb_MapBlock(eeMem->Main, 0x20000000, Ps2MemSize::ExposedRam);
	vtlb_MapBlock(eeMem->Main, 0x30000000, Ps2MemSize::ExposedRam);

	// Various ROMs (all read-only)
	vtlb_MapBlock(eeMem->ROM,	0x1fc00000, Ps2MemSize::Rom);
	vtlb_MapBlock(eeMem->ROM1,	0x1e000000, Ps2MemSize::Rom1);
	vtlb_MapBlock(eeMem->ROM2,	0x1e400000, Ps2MemSize::Rom2);

	// IOP memory
	// (used by the EE Bios Kernel during initial hardware initialization, Apps/Games
	//  are "supposed" to use the thread-safe SIF instead.)
	vtlb_MapHandler(iop_memory,0x1c000000,0x00800000);

	// Generic Handlers; These fallback to mem* stuff...
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_7,0x14000000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_4,0x18000000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_5,0x1a000000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_6,0x12000000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_8,0x1f000000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_3,0x1f400000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_2,0x1f800000, _64kb);
	vtlb_MapHandler(tlb_fallback_8,0x1f900000, _64kb);

	// Hardware Register Handlers : specialized/optimized per-page handling of HW register accesses
	// (note that hw_by_page handles are assigned in memReset prior to calling this function)

	for( uint i=0; i<16; ++i)
		vtlb_MapHandler(hw_by_page[i], 0x10000000 + (0x01000 * i), 0x01000);

	vtlb_MapHandler(gs_page_0, 0x12000000, 0x01000);
	vtlb_MapHandler(gs_page_1, 0x12001000, 0x01000);

	// "Secret" IOP HW mappings - Used by EE Bios Kernel during boot and generally
	// left untouched after that, as per EE/IOP thread safety rules.

	vtlb_MapHandler(iopHw_by_page_01, 0x1f801000, 0x01000);
	vtlb_MapHandler(iopHw_by_page_03, 0x1f803000, 0x01000);
	vtlb_MapHandler(iopHw_by_page_08, 0x1f808000, 0x01000);

}

//Why is this required ?
void memMapKernelMem()
{
	//lower 512 mb: direct map
	//vtlb_VMap(0x00000000,0x00000000,0x20000000);
	//0x8* mirror
	vtlb_VMap(0x80000000, 0x00000000, _1mb*512);
	//0xa* mirror
	vtlb_VMap(0xA0000000, 0x00000000, _1mb*512);
}

//what do do with these ?
void memMapSupervisorMem()
{
}

void memMapUserMem()
{
}

static mem8_t nullRead8(u32 mem) {
	MEM_LOG("Read uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
	return 0;
}
static mem16_t nullRead16(u32 mem) {
	MEM_LOG("Read uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
	return 0;
}
static mem32_t nullRead32(u32 mem) {
	MEM_LOG("Read uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
	return 0;
}
static mem64_t nullRead64(u32 mem) {
	MEM_LOG("Read uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
	return 0;
}
static RETURNS_R128 nullRead128(u32 mem) {
	MEM_LOG("Read uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
	return r128_zero();
}
static void nullWrite8(u32 mem, mem8_t value)
{
	MEM_LOG("Write uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
}
static void nullWrite16(u32 mem, mem16_t value)
{
	MEM_LOG("Write uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
}
static void nullWrite32(u32 mem, mem32_t value)
{
	MEM_LOG("Write uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
}
static void nullWrite64(u32 mem, mem64_t value)
{
	MEM_LOG("Write uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
}
static void TAKES_R128 nullWrite128(u32 mem, r128 value)
{
	MEM_LOG("Write uninstalled memory at address %08x", mem);
}

template<int p>
static mem8_t _ext_memRead8 (u32 mem)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		case 3: // psh4
			return psxHw4Read8(mem);
		case 6: // gsm
			return gsRead8(mem);
		case 7: // dev9
		{
			mem8_t retval = DEV9read8(mem & ~0xa4000000);
			Console.WriteLn("DEV9 read8 %8.8lx: %2.2lx", mem & ~0xa4000000, retval);
			return retval;
		}
		case 9:
			return iopMemRead8(mem & ~0x1c000000);
		default: break;
	}

	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory Read8   from address %8.8x", mem);
	cpuTlbMissR(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
	return 0;
}

template<int p>
static mem16_t _ext_memRead16(u32 mem)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		case 4: // b80
			MEM_LOG("b800000 Memory read16 address %x", mem);
			return 0;
		case 5: // ba0
			MEM_LOG("ba000000 Memory read16 address %x", mem);
			return ba0R16(mem);
		case 6: // gsm
			return gsRead16(mem);

		case 7: // dev9
		{
			mem16_t retval = DEV9read16(mem & ~0xa4000000);
			Console.WriteLn("DEV9 read16 %8.8lx: %4.4lx", mem & ~0xa4000000, retval);
			return retval;
		}

		case 8: // spu2
			return SPU2read(mem);
		case 9:
			return iopMemRead16(mem & ~0x1c000000);

		default: break;
	}
	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory read16  from address %8.8x", mem);
	cpuTlbMissR(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
	return 0;
}

template<int p>
static mem32_t _ext_memRead32(u32 mem)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		case 6: // gsm
			return gsRead32(mem);
		case 7: // dev9
		{
			mem32_t retval = DEV9read32(mem & ~0xa4000000);
			Console.WriteLn("DEV9 read32 %8.8lx: %8.8lx", mem & ~0xa4000000, retval);
			return retval;
		}
		case 9:
			return iopMemRead32(mem & ~0x1c000000);
		default: break;
	}

	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory read32  from address %8.8x (Status=%8.8x)", mem, cpuRegs.CP0.n.Status.val);
	cpuTlbMissR(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
	return 0;
}

template<int p>
static u64 _ext_memRead64(u32 mem)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		case 6: // gsm
			return gsRead64(mem);
		case 9:
		{
			u64 ret = 0;
			ret |= ((u64)(iopMemRead32((mem + 0) & ~0x1c000000)) << 0);
			ret |= ((u64)(iopMemRead32((mem + 4) & ~0x1c000000)) << 32);
			return ret;
		}
		default: break;
	}

	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory read64  from address %8.8x", mem);
	cpuTlbMissR(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
	return 0;
}

template<int p>
static RETURNS_R128 _ext_memRead128(u32 mem)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		//case 1: // hwm
		//	return hwRead128(mem & ~0xa0000000);
		case 6: // gsm
			return r128_load(PS2GS_BASE(mem));
		case 9:
		{
			u128 ret = {};
			ret._u32[0] = iopMemRead32((mem + 0) & ~0x1c000000);
			ret._u32[1] = iopMemRead32((mem + 4) & ~0x1c000000);
			ret._u32[2] = iopMemRead32((mem + 8) & ~0x1c000000);
			ret._u32[3] = iopMemRead32((mem + 12) & ~0x1c000000);
			return r128_from_u128(ret);
		}
		default: break;
	}

	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory read128 from address %8.8x", mem);
	cpuTlbMissR(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
	return r128_zero();
}

template<int p>
static void _ext_memWrite8 (u32 mem, mem8_t  value)
{
	switch (p) {
		case 3: // psh4
			psxHw4Write8(mem, value); return;
		case 6: // gsm
			gsWrite8(mem, value); return;
		case 7: // dev9
			DEV9write8(mem & ~0xa4000000, value);
			Console.WriteLn("DEV9 write8 %8.8lx: %2.2lx", mem & ~0xa4000000, value);
			return;
		case 9:
			iopMemWrite8(mem & ~0x1c000000, value);
			return;
		default: break;
	}

	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory write8   to  address %x with data %2.2x", mem, value);
	cpuTlbMissW(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
}

template<int p>
static void _ext_memWrite16(u32 mem, mem16_t value)
{
	switch (p) {
		case 5: // ba0
			MEM_LOG("ba000000 Memory write16 address %x value %x", mem, value);
			ba0W16(mem, value);
			return;
		case 6: // gsm
			gsWrite16(mem, value); return;
		case 7: // dev9
			DEV9write16(mem & ~0xa4000000, value);
			Console.WriteLn("DEV9 write16 %8.8lx: %4.4lx", mem & ~0xa4000000, value);
			return;
		case 8: // spu2
			SPU2write(mem, value); return;
		case 9:
			iopMemWrite16(mem & ~0x1c000000, value);
			return;
		default: break;
	}
	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory write16  to  address %x with data %4.4x", mem, value);
	cpuTlbMissW(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
}

template<int p>
static void _ext_memWrite32(u32 mem, mem32_t value)
{
	switch (p) {
		case 6: // gsm
			gsWrite32(mem, value); return;
		case 7: // dev9
			DEV9write32(mem & ~0xa4000000, value);
			Console.WriteLn("DEV9 write32 %8.8lx: %8.8lx", mem & ~0xa4000000, value);
			return;
		case 9:
			iopMemWrite32(mem & ~0x1c000000, value);
			return;
		default: break;
	}
	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory write32  to  address %x with data %8.8x", mem, value);
	cpuTlbMissW(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
}

template<int p>
static void _ext_memWrite64(u32 mem, mem64_t value)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		case 9:
			iopMemWrite32((mem + 0) & ~0x1c000000, (value >>  0) & 0xffffffff);
			iopMemWrite32((mem + 4) & ~0x1c000000, (value >> 32) & 0xffffffff);
			return;
		default:
			break;
	}
	/*switch (p) {
		//case 1: // hwm
		//	hwWrite64(mem & ~0xa0000000, *value);
		//	return;
		//case 6: // gsm
		//	gsWrite64(mem & ~0xa0000000, *value); return;
	}*/

	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory write64  to  address %x with data %8.8x_%8.8x", mem, (u32)(value>>32), (u32)value);
	cpuTlbMissW(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
}

template<int p>
static void TAKES_R128 _ext_memWrite128(u32 mem, r128 value)
{
	switch (p)
	{
		case 9:
		{
			u128 val = r128_to_u128(value);
			iopMemWrite32((mem + 0) & ~0x1c000000, val._u32[0] & 0xffffffff);
			iopMemWrite32((mem + 4) & ~0x1c000000, val._u32[1] & 0xffffffff);
			iopMemWrite32((mem + 8) & ~0x1c000000, val._u32[2] & 0xffffffff);
			iopMemWrite32((mem + 12) & ~0x1c000000, val._u32[3] & 0xffffffff);

			return;
		}
		default:
			break;
	}
	/*switch (p) {
		//case 1: // hwm
		//	hwWrite128(mem & ~0xa0000000, value);
		//	return;
		//case 6: // gsm
		//	mem &= ~0xa0000000;
		//	gsWrite64(mem,   value[0]);
		//	gsWrite64(mem+8, value[1]); return;
	}*/

	alignas(16) const u128 uvalue = r128_to_u128(value);
	MEM_LOG("Unknown Memory write128 to  address %x with data %8.8x_%8.8x_%8.8x_%8.8x", mem, uvalue._u32[3], uvalue._u32[2], uvalue._u32[1], uvalue._u32[0]);
	cpuTlbMissW(mem, cpuRegs.branch);
}

#define vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(nam,t) vtlb_RegisterHandler(nam##Read8<t>,nam##Read16<t>,nam##Read32<t>,nam##Read64<t>,nam##Read128<t>, \
															   nam##Write8<t>,nam##Write16<t>,nam##Write32<t>,nam##Write64<t>,nam##Write128<t>)

typedef void ClearFunc_t( u32 addr, u32 qwc );

template<int vunum> static __fi void ClearVuFunc(u32 addr, u32 size) {
	if (vunum) CpuVU1->Clear(addr, size);
	else       CpuVU0->Clear(addr, size);
}

// VU Micro Memory Reads...
template<int vunum> static mem8_t vuMicroRead8(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return vu->Micro[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static mem16_t vuMicroRead16(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return *(u16*)&vu->Micro[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static mem32_t vuMicroRead32(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return *(u32*)&vu->Micro[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static mem64_t vuMicroRead64(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return *(u64*)&vu->Micro[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static RETURNS_R128 vuMicroRead128(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();

	return r128_load(&vu->Micro[addr]);
}

// Profiled VU writes: Happen very infrequently, with exception of BIOS initialization (at most twice per
//   frame in-game, and usually none at all after BIOS), so cpu clears aren't much of a big deal.
template<int vunum> static void vuMicroWrite8(u32 addr,mem8_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteMicroMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u8));
		return;
	}
	if (vu->Micro[addr]!=data) {     // Clear before writing new data
		ClearVuFunc<vunum>(addr, 8); //(clearing 8 bytes because an instruction is 8 bytes) (cottonvibes)
		vu->Micro[addr] =data;
	}
}
template<int vunum> static void vuMicroWrite16(u32 addr, mem16_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteMicroMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u16));
		return;
	}
	if (*(u16*)&vu->Micro[addr]!=data) {
		ClearVuFunc<vunum>(addr, 8);
		*(u16*)&vu->Micro[addr] =data;
	}
}
template<int vunum> static void vuMicroWrite32(u32 addr, mem32_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteMicroMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u32));
		return;
	}
	if (*(u32*)&vu->Micro[addr]!=data) {
		ClearVuFunc<vunum>(addr, 8);
		*(u32*)&vu->Micro[addr] =data;
	}
}
template<int vunum> static void vuMicroWrite64(u32 addr, mem64_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteMicroMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u64));
		return;
	}

	if (*(u64*)&vu->Micro[addr]!=data) {
		ClearVuFunc<vunum>(addr, 8);
		*(u64*)&vu->Micro[addr] =data;
	}
}
template<int vunum> static void TAKES_R128 vuMicroWrite128(u32 addr, r128 data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;

	const u128 udata = r128_to_u128(data);

	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteMicroMem(addr, &udata, sizeof(u128));
		return;
	}
	if ((u128&)vu->Micro[addr]!=udata) {
		ClearVuFunc<vunum>(addr, 16);
		r128_store_unaligned(&vu->Micro[addr],data);
	}
}

// VU Data Memory Reads...
template<int vunum> static mem8_t vuDataRead8(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return vu->Mem[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static mem16_t vuDataRead16(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return *(u16*)&vu->Mem[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static mem32_t vuDataRead32(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return *(u32*)&vu->Mem[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static mem64_t vuDataRead64(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return *(u64*)&vu->Mem[addr];
}
template<int vunum> static RETURNS_R128 vuDataRead128(u32 addr) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) vu1Thread.WaitVU();
	return r128_load(&vu->Mem[addr]);
}

// VU Data Memory Writes...
template<int vunum> static void vuDataWrite8(u32 addr, mem8_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteDataMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u8));
		return;
	}
	vu->Mem[addr] = data;
}
template<int vunum> static void vuDataWrite16(u32 addr, mem16_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteDataMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u16));
		return;
	}
	*(u16*)&vu->Mem[addr] = data;
}
template<int vunum> static void vuDataWrite32(u32 addr, mem32_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteDataMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u32));
		return;
	}
	*(u32*)&vu->Mem[addr] = data;
}
template<int vunum> static void vuDataWrite64(u32 addr, mem64_t data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		vu1Thread.WriteDataMem(addr, &data, sizeof(u64));
		return;
	}
	*(u64*)&vu->Mem[addr] = data;
}
template<int vunum> static void TAKES_R128 vuDataWrite128(u32 addr, r128 data) {
	VURegs* vu = vunum ?  &VU1 :  &VU0;
	addr      &= vunum ? 0x3fff: 0xfff;
	if (vunum && THREAD_VU1) {
		alignas(16) const u128 udata = r128_to_u128(data);
		vu1Thread.WriteDataMem(addr, &udata, sizeof(u128));
		return;
	}
	r128_store_unaligned(&vu->Mem[addr], data);
}


void memSetPageAddr(u32 vaddr, u32 paddr)
{
	//Console.WriteLn("memSetPageAddr: %8.8x -> %8.8x", vaddr, paddr);

	vtlb_VMap(vaddr,paddr,0x1000);

}

void memClearPageAddr(u32 vaddr)
{
	//Console.WriteLn("memClearPageAddr: %8.8x", vaddr);

	vtlb_VMapUnmap(vaddr,0x1000); // -> whut ?

#ifdef FULLTLB
//	memLUTRK[vaddr >> 12] = 0;
//	memLUTWK[vaddr >> 12] = 0;
#endif
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PS2 Memory Init / Reset / Shutdown

EEVM_MemoryAllocMess* eeMem = nullptr;
alignas(__pagealignsize) u8 eeHw[Ps2MemSize::Hardware];


void memBindConditionalHandlers()
{
	if( hw_by_page[0xf] == 0xFFFFFFFF ) return;

	if (EmuConfig.Speedhacks.IntcStat)
	{
		vtlbMemR16FP* page0F16(hwRead16_page_0F_INTC_HACK);
		vtlbMemR32FP* page0F32(hwRead32_page_0F_INTC_HACK);
		//vtlbMemR64FP* page0F64(hwRead64_generic_INTC_HACK);

		vtlb_ReassignHandler( hw_by_page[0xf],
			hwRead8<0x0f>,	page0F16,			page0F32,			hwRead64<0x0f>,		hwRead128<0x0f>,
			hwWrite8<0x0f>,	hwWrite16<0x0f>,	hwWrite32<0x0f>,	hwWrite64<0x0f>,	hwWrite128<0x0f>
		);
	}
	else
	{
		vtlbMemR16FP* page0F16(hwRead16<0x0f>);
		vtlbMemR32FP* page0F32(hwRead32<0x0f>);
		//vtlbMemR64FP* page0F64(hwRead64<0x0f>);

		vtlb_ReassignHandler( hw_by_page[0xf],
			hwRead8<0x0f>,	page0F16,			page0F32,			hwRead64<0x0f>,		hwRead128<0x0f>,
			hwWrite8<0x0f>,	hwWrite16<0x0f>,	hwWrite32<0x0f>,	hwWrite64<0x0f>,	hwWrite128<0x0f>
		);
	}
}


// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  eeMemoryReserve  (implementations)
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void memAllocate()
{
	eeMem = reinterpret_cast<EEVM_MemoryAllocMess*>(SysMemory::GetEEMem());
}

void memReset()
{
	// Note!!  Ideally the vtlb should only be initialized once, and then subsequent
	// resets of the system hardware would only clear vtlb mappings, but since the
	// rest of the emu is not really set up to support a "soft" reset of that sort
	// we opt for the hard/safe version.

	pxAssume( eeMem );

#ifdef ENABLECACHE
	memset(pCache,0,sizeof(_cacheS)*64);
#endif

	vtlb_Init();

	null_handler = vtlb_RegisterHandler(nullRead8, nullRead16, nullRead32, nullRead64, nullRead128,
		nullWrite8, nullWrite16, nullWrite32, nullWrite64, nullWrite128);

	tlb_fallback_0 = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,0);
	tlb_fallback_3 = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,3);
	tlb_fallback_4 = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,4);
	tlb_fallback_5 = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,5);
	tlb_fallback_7 = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,7);
	tlb_fallback_8 = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,8);
	iop_memory = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(_ext_mem,9);

	// Dynarec versions of VUs
	vu0_micro_mem = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(vuMicro,0);
	vu1_micro_mem = vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(vuMicro,1);
	vu1_data_mem  = (1||THREAD_VU1) ? vtlb_RegisterHandlerTempl1(vuData,1) : 0;

	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// IOP's "secret" Hardware Register mapping, accessible from the EE (and meant for use
	// by debugging or BIOS only).  The IOP's hw regs are divided into three main pages in
	// the 0x1f80 segment, and then another oddball page for CDVD in the 0x1f40 segment.
	//

	using namespace IopMemory;

	tlb_fallback_2 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		iopHwRead8_generic, iopHwRead16_generic, iopHwRead32_generic, _ext_memRead64<2>, _ext_memRead128<2>,
		iopHwWrite8_generic, iopHwWrite16_generic, iopHwWrite32_generic, _ext_memWrite64<2>, _ext_memWrite128<2>
	);

	iopHw_by_page_01 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		iopHwRead8_Page1, iopHwRead16_Page1, iopHwRead32_Page1, _ext_memRead64<2>, _ext_memRead128<2>,
		iopHwWrite8_Page1, iopHwWrite16_Page1, iopHwWrite32_Page1, _ext_memWrite64<2>, _ext_memWrite128<2>
	);

	iopHw_by_page_03 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		iopHwRead8_Page3, iopHwRead16_Page3, iopHwRead32_Page3, _ext_memRead64<2>, _ext_memRead128<2>,
		iopHwWrite8_Page3, iopHwWrite16_Page3, iopHwWrite32_Page3, _ext_memWrite64<2>, _ext_memWrite128<2>
	);

	iopHw_by_page_08 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		iopHwRead8_Page8, iopHwRead16_Page8, iopHwRead32_Page8, _ext_memRead64<2>, _ext_memRead128<2>,
		iopHwWrite8_Page8, iopHwWrite16_Page8, iopHwWrite32_Page8, _ext_memWrite64<2>, _ext_memWrite128<2>
	);

	// psHw Optimized Mappings
	// The HW Registers have been split into pages to improve optimization.

#define hwHandlerTmpl(page) \
	hwRead8<page>,	hwRead16<page>,	hwRead32<page>,	hwRead64<page>,	hwRead128<page>, \
	hwWrite8<page>,	hwWrite16<page>,hwWrite32<page>,hwWrite64<page>,hwWrite128<page>

	hw_by_page[0x0] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x00) );
	hw_by_page[0x1] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x01) );
	hw_by_page[0x2] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x02) );
	hw_by_page[0x3] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x03) );
	hw_by_page[0x4] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x04) );
	hw_by_page[0x5] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x05) );
	hw_by_page[0x6] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x06) );
	hw_by_page[0x7] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x07) );
	hw_by_page[0x8] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x08) );
	hw_by_page[0x9] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x09) );
	hw_by_page[0xa] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x0a) );
	hw_by_page[0xb] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x0b) );
	hw_by_page[0xc] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x0c) );
	hw_by_page[0xd] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x0d) );
	hw_by_page[0xe] = vtlb_RegisterHandler( hwHandlerTmpl(0x0e) );
	hw_by_page[0xf] = vtlb_NewHandler();		// redefined later based on speedhacking prefs
	memBindConditionalHandlers();

	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// GS Optimized Mappings

	tlb_fallback_6 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		_ext_memRead8<6>, _ext_memRead16<6>, _ext_memRead32<6>, _ext_memRead64<6>, _ext_memRead128<6>,
		_ext_memWrite8<6>, _ext_memWrite16<6>, _ext_memWrite32<6>, gsWrite64_generic, gsWrite128_generic
	);

	gs_page_0 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		_ext_memRead8<6>, _ext_memRead16<6>, _ext_memRead32<6>, _ext_memRead64<6>, _ext_memRead128<6>,
		_ext_memWrite8<6>, _ext_memWrite16<6>, _ext_memWrite32<6>, gsWrite64_page_00, gsWrite128_page_00
	);

	gs_page_1 = vtlb_RegisterHandler(
		_ext_memRead8<6>, _ext_memRead16<6>, _ext_memRead32<6>, _ext_memRead64<6>, _ext_memRead128<6>,
		_ext_memWrite8<6>, _ext_memWrite16<6>, _ext_memWrite32<6>, gsWrite64_page_01, gsWrite128_page_01
	);

	//vtlb_Reset();

	// reset memLUT (?)
	//vtlb_VMap(0x00000000,0x00000000,0x20000000);
	//vtlb_VMapUnmap(0x20000000,0x60000000);

	memMapPhy();
	memMapVUmicro();
	memMapKernelMem();
	memMapSupervisorMem();
	memMapUserMem();
	memSetKernelMode();

	vtlb_VMap(0x00000000,0x00000000,0x20000000);
	vtlb_VMapUnmap(0x20000000,0x60000000);

	std::memset(s_ba, 0, sizeof(s_ba));

	s_ba[0xA] = 1; // Power on
	s_ba_command_executing = false;
	s_ba_error_detected = false;
	s_ba_current_reg = 0;

	std::memset(s_dve_regs, 0, sizeof(s_dve_regs));

	s_dve_regs[0x7e] = 0x1C; // Status register. 0x1C seems to be the value it's expecting for everything being OK.

	// BIOS is included in eeMem, so it needs to be copied after zeroing.
	std::memset(eeMem, 0, sizeof(*eeMem));
	CopyBIOSToMemory();
}

void memRelease()
{
	eeMem = nullptr;
}

bool SaveStateBase::memFreeze(Error* error)
{
	Freeze(s_ba);
	Freeze(s_dve_regs);
	Freeze(s_ba_command_executing);
	Freeze(s_ba_error_detected);
	Freeze(s_ba_current_reg);

	bool extra_memory = s_extra_memory;
	Freeze(extra_memory);

	if (extra_memory != s_extra_memory)
	{
		Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Memory size mismatch, save state requires {}, but VM currently has {}.",
			extra_memory ? "128MB" : "32MB", s_extra_memory ? "128MB" : "32MB");
		return false;
	}

	return IsOkay();
}

u8 EEMemoryInterface::Read8(u32 address, bool* valid)
{
	if (valid)
		*valid = true;
	return memRead8(address);
}

u16 EEMemoryInterface::Read16(u32 address, bool* valid)
{
	if (valid)
		*valid = true;
	return memRead16(address);
}

u32 EEMemoryInterface::Read32(u32 address, bool* valid)
{
	if (valid)
		*valid = true;
	return memRead32(address);
}

u64 EEMemoryInterface::Read64(u32 address, bool* valid)
{
	if (valid)
		*valid = true;
	return memRead64(address);
}

u128 EEMemoryInterface::Read128(u32 address, bool* valid)
{
	u128 value;
	memRead128(address, value);
	if (valid)
		*valid = true;
	return value;
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::ReadBytes(u32 address, void* dest, u32 size)
{
	return vtlb_memSafeReadBytes(address, dest, size);
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::Write8(u32 address, u8 value)
{
	memWrite8(address, value);
	return true;
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::Write16(u32 address, u16 value)
{
	memWrite16(address, value);
	return true;
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::Write32(u32 address, u32 value)
{
	memWrite32(address, value);
	return true;
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::Write64(u32 address, u64 value)
{
	memWrite64(address, value);
	return true;

}
bool EEMemoryInterface::Write128(u32 address, u128 value)
{
	memWrite128(address, value);
	return true;
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::WriteBytes(u32 address, const void* src, u32 size)
{
	return vtlb_memSafeWriteBytes(address, src, size);
}

bool EEMemoryInterface::CompareBytes(u32 address, const void* src, u32 size)
{
	return vtlb_memSafeCmpBytes(address, src, size) == 0;
}