Pull module and param fixes from Rusty Russell:
"Surprising number of fixes this merge window :(
The first two are minor fallout from the param rework which went in
this merge window.
The next three are a series which fixes a longstanding (but never
previously reported and unlikely , so no CC stable) race between
kallsyms and freeing the init section.
Finally, a minor cleanup as our module refcount will now be -1 during
unload"
* tag 'fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
module: make module_refcount() a signed integer.
module: fix race in kallsyms resolution during module load success.
module: remove mod arg from module_free, rename module_memfree().
module_arch_freeing_init(): new hook for archs before module->module_init freed.
param: fix uninitialized read with CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
param: initialize store function to NULL if not available.
Currently if an active CPU fails to respond to a roundup request the CPU
that requested the roundup will become stuck. This needlessly reduces the
robustness of the debugger.
This patch introduces a timeout allowing the system state to be examined
even when the system contains unresponsive processors. It also modifies
kdb's cpu command to make it censor attempts to switch to unresponsive
processors and to report their state as (D)ead.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Currently kiosk mode must be explicitly requested by the bootloader or
userspace. It is convenient to be able to change the default value in a
similar manner to CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_MASK.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Currently all kdb commands are enabled whenever kdb is deployed. This
makes it difficult to deploy kdb to help debug certain types of
systems.
Android phones provide one example; the FIQ debugger found on some
Android devices has a deliberately weak set of commands to allow the
debugger to enabled very late in the production cycle.
Certain kiosk environments offer another interesting case where an
engineer might wish to probe the system state using passive inspection
commands without providing sufficient power for a passer by to root it.
Without any restrictions, obtaining the root rights via KDB is a matter of
a few commands, and works everywhere. For example, log in as a normal
user:
cbou:~$ id
uid=1001(cbou) gid=1001(cbou) groups=1001(cbou)
Now enter KDB (for example via sysrq):
Entering kdb (current=0xffff8800065bc740, pid 920) due to Keyboard Entry
kdb> ps
23 sleeping system daemon (state M) processes suppressed,
use 'ps A' to see all.
Task Addr Pid Parent [*] cpu State Thread Command
0xffff8800065bc740 920 919 1 0 R 0xffff8800065bca20 *bash
0xffff880007078000 1 0 0 0 S 0xffff8800070782e0 init
[...snip...]
0xffff8800065be3c0 918 1 0 0 S 0xffff8800065be6a0 getty
0xffff8800065b9c80 919 1 0 0 S 0xffff8800065b9f60 login
0xffff8800065bc740 920 919 1 0 R 0xffff8800065bca20 *bash
All we need is the offset of cred pointers. We can look up the offset in
the distro's kernel source, but it is unnecessary. We can just start
dumping init's task_struct, until we see the process name:
kdb> md 0xffff880007078000
0xffff880007078000 0000000000000001 ffff88000703c000 ................
0xffff880007078010 0040210000000002 0000000000000000 .....!@.........
[...snip...]
0xffff8800070782b0 ffff8800073e0580 ffff8800073e0580 ..>.......>.....
0xffff8800070782c0 0000000074696e69 0000000000000000 init............
^ Here, 'init'. Creds are just above it, so the offset is 0x02b0.
Now we set up init's creds for our non-privileged shell:
kdb> mm 0xffff8800065bc740+0x02b0 0xffff8800073e0580
0xffff8800065bc9f0 = 0xffff8800073e0580
kdb> mm 0xffff8800065bc740+0x02b8 0xffff8800073e0580
0xffff8800065bc9f8 = 0xffff8800073e0580
And thus gaining the root:
kdb> go
cbou:~$ id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
cbou:~$ bash
root:~#
p.s. No distro enables kdb by default (although, with a nice KDB-over-KMS
feature availability, I would expect at least some would enable it), so
it's not actually some kind of a major issue.
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
This patch introduces several new flags to collect kdb commands into
groups (later allowing them to be optionally disabled).
This follows similar prior art to enable/disable magic sysrq
commands.
The commands have been categorized as follows:
Always on: go (w/o args), env, set, help, ?, cpu (w/o args), sr,
dmesg, disable_nmi, defcmd, summary, grephelp
Mem read: md, mdr, mdp, mds, ef, bt (with args), per_cpu
Mem write: mm
Reg read: rd
Reg write: go (with args), rm
Inspect: bt (w/o args), btp, bta, btc, btt, ps, pid, lsmod
Flow ctrl: bp, bl, bph, bc, be, bd, ss
Signal: kill
Reboot: reboot
All: cpu, kgdb, (and all of the above), nmi_console
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
The actual values of KDB_REPEAT_* enum values and overall logic stayed
the same, but we now treat the values as flags.
This makes it possible to add other flags and combine them, plus makes
the code a lot simpler and shorter. But functionality-wise, there should
be no changes.
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
The kernel used to contain two functions for length-delimited,
case-insensitive string comparison, strnicmp with correct semantics and
a slightly buggy strncasecmp. The latter is the POSIX name, so strnicmp
was renamed to strncasecmp, and strnicmp made into a wrapper for the new
strncasecmp to avoid breaking existing users.
To allow the compat wrapper strnicmp to be removed at some point in the
future, and to avoid the extra indirection cost, do
s/strnicmp/strncasecmp/g.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
... instead of naked numbers.
Stuff in sysrq.c used to set it to 8 which is supposed to mean above
default level so set it to DEBUG instead as we're terminating/killing all
tasks and we want to be verbose there.
Also, correct the check in x86_64_start_kernel which should be >= as
we're clearly issuing the string there for all debug levels, not only
the magical 10.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch is a continuation of efforts trying to optimize find_vma(),
avoiding potentially expensive rbtree walks to locate a vma upon faults.
The original approach (https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/11/1/410), where the
largest vma was also cached, ended up being too specific and random,
thus further comparison with other approaches were needed. There are
two things to consider when dealing with this, the cache hit rate and
the latency of find_vma(). Improving the hit-rate does not necessarily
translate in finding the vma any faster, as the overhead of any fancy
caching schemes can be too high to consider.
We currently cache the last used vma for the whole address space, which
provides a nice optimization, reducing the total cycles in find_vma() by
up to 250%, for workloads with good locality. On the other hand, this
simple scheme is pretty much useless for workloads with poor locality.
Analyzing ebizzy runs shows that, no matter how many threads are
running, the mmap_cache hit rate is less than 2%, and in many situations
below 1%.
The proposed approach is to replace this scheme with a small per-thread
cache, maximizing hit rates at a very low maintenance cost.
Invalidations are performed by simply bumping up a 32-bit sequence
number. The only expensive operation is in the rare case of a seq
number overflow, where all caches that share the same address space are
flushed. Upon a miss, the proposed replacement policy is based on the
page number that contains the virtual address in question. Concretely,
the following results are seen on an 80 core, 8 socket x86-64 box:
1) System bootup: Most programs are single threaded, so the per-thread
scheme does improve ~50% hit rate by just adding a few more slots to
the cache.
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 50.61% | 19.90 |
| patched | 73.45% | 13.58 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
2) Kernel build: This one is already pretty good with the current
approach as we're dealing with good locality.
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 75.28% | 11.03 |
| patched | 88.09% | 9.31 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
3) Oracle 11g Data Mining (4k pages): Similar to the kernel build workload.
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 70.66% | 17.14 |
| patched | 91.15% | 12.57 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
4) Ebizzy: There's a fair amount of variation from run to run, but this
approach always shows nearly perfect hit rates, while baseline is just
about non-existent. The amounts of cycles can fluctuate between
anywhere from ~60 to ~116 for the baseline scheme, but this approach
reduces it considerably. For instance, with 80 threads:
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 1.06% | 91.54 |
| patched | 99.97% | 14.18 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix nommu build, per Davidlohr]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: document vmacache_valid() logic]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: attempt to untangle header files]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add vmacache_find() BUG_ON]
[hughd@google.com: add vmacache_valid_mm() (from Oleg)]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: adjust and enhance comments]
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The function kgdb_breakpoint() sets up break point at
compile time by calling arch_kgdb_breakpoint();
Though this call is surrounded by wmb() barrier,
the compile can still re-order the break point,
because this scheduling barrier is not a code motion
barrier in gcc.
Making kgdb_breakpoint() as noinline solves this problem
of code reording around break point instruction and also
avoids problem of being called as inline function from
other places
More details about discussion on this can be found here
http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.arm.kernel/269732
Signed-off-by: Vijaya Kumar K <Vijaya.Kumar@caviumnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Acked-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
This patch adds a kgdb_nmicallin() interface that can be used by
external NMI handlers to call the KGDB/KDB handler. The primary
need for this is for those types of NMI interrupts where all the
CPUs have already received the NMI signal. Therefore no
send_IPI(NMI) is required, and in fact it will cause a 2nd
unhandled NMI to occur. This generates the "Dazed and Confuzed"
messages.
Since all the CPUs are getting the NMI at roughly the same time,
it's not guaranteed that the first CPU that hits the NMI handler
will manage to enter KGDB and set the dbg_master_lock before the
slaves start entering. The new argument "send_ready" was added
for KGDB to signal the NMI handler to release the slave CPUs for
entry into KGDB.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Reviewed-by: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Hedi Berriche <hedi@sgi.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131002151417.928886849@asylum.americas.sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Currently help message of /proc/sysrq-trigger highlight its upper-case
characters, like below:
SysRq : HELP : loglevel(0-9) reBoot Crash terminate-all-tasks(E)
memory-full-oom-kill(F) kill-all-tasks(I) ...
this would confuse user trigger sysrq by upper-case character, which is
inconsistent with the real lower-case character registed key.
This inconsistent help message will also lead more confused when
26 upper-case letters put into use in future.
This patch fix kgdb sysrq key: "debug(g)"
Signed-off-by: zhangwei(Jovi) <jovi.zhangwei@huawei.com>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull KGDB/KDB fixes and cleanups from Jason Wessel:
"For a change we removed more code than we added. If people aren't
using it we shouldn't be carrying it. :-)
Cleanups:
- Remove kdb ssb command - there is no in kernel disassembler to
support it
- Remove kdb ll command - Always caused a kernel oops and there were
no bug reports so no one was using this command
- Use kernel ARRAY_SIZE macro instead of array computations
Fixes:
- Stop oops in kdb if user executes kdb_defcmd with args
- kdb help command truncated text
- ppc64 support for kgdbts
- Add missing kconfig option from original kdb port for dealing with
catastrophic kernel crashes such that you can reboot automatically
on continue from kdb"
* tag 'for_linux-3.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/kgdb:
kdb: Remove unhandled ssb command
kdb: Prevent kernel oops with kdb_defcmd
kdb: Remove the ll command
kdb_main: fix help print
kdb: Fix overlap in buffers with strcpy
Fixed dead ifdef block by adding missing Kconfig option.
kdb: Setup basic kdb state before invoking commands via kgdb
kdb: use ARRAY_SIZE where possible
kgdb/kgdbts: support ppc64
kdb: A fix for kdb command table expansion
The kdb_defcmd can only be used to display the available command aliases
while using the kernel debug shell. If you try to define a new macro
while the kernel debugger is active it will oops. The debug shell
macros must use pre-allocated memory set aside at the time kdb_init()
is run, and the kdb_defcmd is restricted to only working at the time
that the kdb_init sequence is being run, which only occurs if you
actually activate the kernel debugger.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Recently some code inspection was done after fixing a problem with
kmalloc used while in the kernel debugger context (which is not
legal), and it turned up the fact that kdb ll command will oops the
kernel.
Given that there have been zero bug reports on the command combined
with the fact it will oops the kernel it is clearly not being used.
Instead of fixing it, it will be removed.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
