I ran into a couple of programs which broke with the new Linux 3.0
version. Some of those were binary only. I tried to use LD_PRELOAD to
work around it, but it was quite difficult and in one case impossible
because of a mix of 32bit and 64bit executables.
For example, all kind of management software from HP doesnt work, unless
we pretend to run a 2.6 kernel.
$ uname -a
Linux svivoipvnx001 3.0.0-08107-g97cd98f #1062 SMP Fri Aug 12 18:11:45 CEST 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
$ hpacucli ctrl all show
Error: No controllers detected.
$ rpm -qf /usr/sbin/hpacucli
hpacucli-8.75-12.0
Another notable case is that Python now reports "linux3" from
sys.platform(); which in turn can break things that were checking
sys.platform() == "linux2":
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=664564
It seems pretty clear to me though it's a bug in the apps that are using
'==' instead of .startswith(), but this allows us to unbreak broken
programs.
This patch adds a UNAME26 personality that makes the kernel report a
2.6.40+x version number instead. The x is the x in 3.x.
I know this is somewhat ugly, but I didn't find a better workaround, and
compatibility to existing programs is important.
Some programs also read /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease. This can be worked
around in user space with mount --bind (and a mount namespace)
To use:
wget ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/ak/uname26/uname26.c
gcc -o uname26 uname26.c
./uname26 program
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The patch http://lkml.org/lkml/2003/7/13/226 introduced an RLIMIT_NPROC
check in set_user() to check for NPROC exceeding via setuid() and
similar functions.
Before the check there was a possibility to greatly exceed the allowed
number of processes by an unprivileged user if the program relied on
rlimit only. But the check created new security threat: many poorly
written programs simply don't check setuid() return code and believe it
cannot fail if executed with root privileges. So, the check is removed
in this patch because of too often privilege escalations related to
buggy programs.
The NPROC can still be enforced in the common code flow of daemons
spawning user processes. Most of daemons do fork()+setuid()+execve().
The check introduced in execve() (1) enforces the same limit as in
setuid() and (2) doesn't create similar security issues.
Neil Brown suggested to track what specific process has exceeded the
limit by setting PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED process flag. With the change only
this process would fail on execve(), and other processes' execve()
behaviour is not changed.
Solar Designer suggested to re-check whether NPROC limit is still
exceeded at the moment of execve(). If the process was sleeping for
days between set*uid() and execve(), and the NPROC counter step down
under the limit, the defered execve() failure because NPROC limit was
exceeded days ago would be unexpected. If the limit is not exceeded
anymore, we clear the flag on successful calls to execve() and fork().
The flag is also cleared on successful calls to set_user() as the limit
was exceeded for the previous user, not the current one.
Similar check was introduced in -ow patches (without the process flag).
v3 - clear PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED on successful calls to set_user().
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Acked-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is not necessary to share the same notifier.h.
This patch already moves register_reboot_notifier() and
unregister_reboot_notifier() from kernel/notifier.c to kernel/sys.c.
[amwang@redhat.com: make allyesconfig succeed on ppc64]
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'driver-core-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6: (44 commits)
debugfs: Silence DEBUG_STRICT_USER_COPY_CHECKS=y warning
sysfs: remove "last sysfs file:" line from the oops messages
drivers/base/memory.c: fix warning due to "memory hotplug: Speed up add/remove when blocks are larger than PAGES_PER_SECTION"
memory hotplug: Speed up add/remove when blocks are larger than PAGES_PER_SECTION
SYSFS: Fix erroneous comments for sysfs_update_group().
driver core: remove the driver-model structures from the documentation
driver core: Add the device driver-model structures to kerneldoc
Translated Documentation/email-clients.txt
RAW driver: Remove call to kobject_put().
reboot: disable usermodehelper to prevent fs access
efivars: prevent oops on unload when efi is not enabled
Allow setting of number of raw devices as a module parameter
Introduce CONFIG_GOOGLE_FIRMWARE
driver: Google Memory Console
driver: Google EFI SMI
x86: Better comments for get_bios_ebda()
x86: get_bios_ebda_length()
misc: fix ti-st build issues
params.c: Use new strtobool function to process boolean inputs
debugfs: move to new strtobool
...
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/debugfs/file.c due to the same patch
being applied twice, and an unrelated cleanup nearby.
Since suspend, resume and shutdown operations in struct sysdev_class
and struct sysdev_driver are not used any more, remove them. Also
drop sysdev_suspend(), sysdev_resume() and sysdev_shutdown() used
for executing those operations and modify all of their users
accordingly. This reduces kernel code size quite a bit and reduces
its complexity.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
In case CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH is not set to "", which it
should be on every system, the kernel forks processes during
shutdown, which try to access the rootfs, even when the
binary does not exist. It causes exceptions and long delays in
the disk driver, which gets read requests at the time it tries
to shut down the disk.
This patch disables all kernel-forked processes during reboot to
allow a clean poweroff.
Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Tested-By: Anton Guda <atu@dmeti.dp.ua>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This allows setuid/setgid in containers. It also fixes some corner cases
where kernel logic foregoes capability checks when uids are equivalent.
The latter will need to be done throughout the whole kernel.
Changelog:
Jan 11: Use nsown_capable() as suggested by Bastian Blank.
Jan 11: Fix logic errors in uid checks pointed out by Bastian.
Feb 15: allow prlimit to current (was regression in previous version)
Feb 23: remove debugging printks, uninline set_one_prio_perm and
make it bool, and document its return value.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some subsystems need to carry out suspend/resume and shutdown
operations with one CPU on-line and interrupts disabled. The only
way to register such operations is to define a sysdev class and
a sysdev specifically for this purpose which is cumbersome and
inefficient. Moreover, the arguments taken by sysdev suspend,
resume and shutdown callbacks are practically never necessary.
For this reason, introduce a simpler interface allowing subsystems
to register operations to be executed very late during system suspend
and shutdown and very early during resume in the form of
strcut syscore_ops objects.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Since check_prlimit_permission always fails in the case of SUID/GUID
processes, such processes are not able to read or set their own limits.
This commit changes this by assuming that process can always read/change
its own limits.
Signed-off-by: Kacper Kornet <kornet@camk.edu.pl>
Acked-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to know the reason why system rebooted in support service.
However, we can't inform our customers of the reason because final
messages are lost on current Linux kernel.
This patch improves the situation above because the final messages are
saved by adding kmsg_dump() to reboot, halt, poweroff and
emergency_restart path.
Signed-off-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A recurring complaint from CFS users is that parallel kbuild has
a negative impact on desktop interactivity. This patch
implements an idea from Linus, to automatically create task
groups. Currently, only per session autogroups are implemented,
but the patch leaves the way open for enhancement.
Implementation: each task's signal struct contains an inherited
pointer to a refcounted autogroup struct containing a task group
pointer, the default for all tasks pointing to the
init_task_group. When a task calls setsid(), a new task group
is created, the process is moved into the new task group, and a
reference to the preveious task group is dropped. Child
processes inherit this task group thereafter, and increase it's
refcount. When the last thread of a process exits, the
process's reference is dropped, such that when the last process
referencing an autogroup exits, the autogroup is destroyed.
At runqueue selection time, IFF a task has no cgroup assignment,
its current autogroup is used.
Autogroup bandwidth is controllable via setting it's nice level
through the proc filesystem:
cat /proc/<pid>/autogroup
Displays the task's group and the group's nice level.
echo <nice level> > /proc/<pid>/autogroup
Sets the task group's shares to the weight of nice <level> task.
Setting nice level is rate limited for !admin users due to the
abuse risk of task group locking.
The feature is enabled from boot by default if
CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP=y is selected, but can be disabled via
the boot option noautogroup, and can also be turned on/off on
the fly via:
echo [01] > /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled
... which will automatically move tasks to/from the root task group.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
[ Removed the task_group_path() debug code, and fixed !EVENTFD build failure. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
LKML-Reference: <1290281700.28711.9.camel@maggy.simson.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
[ 23.584719]
[ 23.584720] ===================================================
[ 23.585059] [ INFO: suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage. ]
[ 23.585176] ---------------------------------------------------
[ 23.585176] kernel/pid.c:419 invoked rcu_dereference_check() without protection!
[ 23.585176]
[ 23.585176] other info that might help us debug this:
[ 23.585176]
[ 23.585176]
[ 23.585176] rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 1
[ 23.585176] 1 lock held by rc.sysinit/728:
[ 23.585176] #0: (tasklist_lock){.+.+..}, at: [<ffffffff8104771f>] sys_setpgid+0x5f/0x193
[ 23.585176]
[ 23.585176] stack backtrace:
[ 23.585176] Pid: 728, comm: rc.sysinit Not tainted 2.6.36-rc2 #2
[ 23.585176] Call Trace:
[ 23.585176] [<ffffffff8105b436>] lockdep_rcu_dereference+0x99/0xa2
[ 23.585176] [<ffffffff8104c324>] find_task_by_pid_ns+0x50/0x6a
[ 23.585176] [<ffffffff8104c35b>] find_task_by_vpid+0x1d/0x1f
[ 23.585176] [<ffffffff81047727>] sys_setpgid+0x67/0x193
[ 23.585176] [<ffffffff810029eb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[ 24.959669] type=1400 audit(1282938522.956:4): avc: denied { module_request } for pid=766 comm="hwclock" kmod="char-major-10-135" scontext=system_u:system_r:hwclock_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 tclas
It turns out that the setpgid() system call fails to enter an RCU
read-side critical section before doing a PID-to-task_struct translation.
This commit therefore does rcu_read_lock() before the translation, and
also does rcu_read_unlock() after the last use of the returned pointer.
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
This patch adds the code to support the sys_prlimit64 syscall which
modifies-and-returns the rlim values of a selected process atomically.
The first parameter, pid, being 0 means current process.
Unlike the current implementation, it is a generic interface,
architecture indepentent so that we needn't handle compat stuff
anymore. In the future, after glibc start to use this we can deprecate
sys_setrlimit and sys_getrlimit in favor to clean up the code finally.
It also adds a possibility of changing limits of other processes. We
check the user's permissions to do that and if it succeeds, the new
limits are propagated online. This is good for large scale
applications such as SAP or databases where administrators need to
change limits time by time (e.g. on crashes increase core size). And
it is unacceptable to restart the service.
For safety, all rlim users now either use accessors or doesn't need
them due to
- locking
- the fact a process was just forked and nobody else knows about it
yet (and nobody can't thus read/write limits)
hence it is safe to modify limits now.
The limitation is that we currently stay at ulong internal
representation. So the rlim64_is_infinity check is used where value is
compared against ULONG_MAX on 32-bit which is the maximum value there.
And since internally the limits are held in struct rlimit, converters
which are used before and after do_prlimit call in sys_prlimit64 are
introduced.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
After we added more generic do_prlimit, switch sys_getrlimit to that.
Also switch compat handling, so we can get rid of ugly __user casts
and avoid setting process' address limit to kernel data and back.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
It now allows also reading of limits. I.e. all read and writes will
later use this function.
It takes two parameters, new and old limits which can be both NULL.
If new is non-NULL, the value in it is set to rlimits.
If old is non-NULL, current rlimits are stored there.
If both are non-NULL, old are stored prior to setting the new ones,
atomically.
(Similar to sigaction.)
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Do security_task_setrlimit under task_lock. Other tasks may change
limits under our hands while we are checking limits inside the
function. From now on, they can't.
Note that all the security work is done under a spinlock here now.
Security hooks count with that, they are called from interrupt context
(like security_task_kill) and with spinlocks already held (e.g.
capable->security_capable).
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Add locking to allow setrlimit accept task parameter other than
current.
Namely, lock tasklist_lock for read and check whether the task
structure has sighand non-null. Do all the signal processing under
that lock still held.
There are some points:
1) security_task_setrlimit is now called with that lock held. This is
not new, many security_* functions are called with this lock held
already so it doesn't harm (all this security_* stuff does almost
the same).
2) task->sighand->siglock (in update_rlimit_cpu) is nested in
tasklist_lock. This dependence is already existing.
3) tsk->alloc_lock is nested in tasklist_lock. This is OK too, already
existing dependence.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Create do_setrlimit from sys_setrlimit and declare do_setrlimit
in the resource header. This is the first phase to have generic
do_prlimit which allows to be called from read, write and compat
rlimits code.
The new do_setrlimit also accepts a task pointer to change the limits
of. Currently, it cannot be other than current, but this will change
with locking later.
Also pass tsk->group_leader to security_task_setrlimit to check
whether current is allowed to change rlimits of the process and not
its arbitrary thread because it makes more sense given that rlimit are
per process and not per-thread.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Mostly preparation for Jiri's changes, but probably makes sense anyway.
sys_setrlimit() checks new_rlim.rlim_max <= old_rlim->rlim_max, but when
it takes task_lock() old_rlim->rlim_max can be already lowered. Move this
check under task_lock().
Currently this is not important, we can only race with our sub-thread,
this means the application is stupid. But when we change the code to allow
the update of !current task's limits, it becomes important to make sure
->rlim_max can be lowered "reliably" even if we race with the application
doing sys_setrlimit().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Add task_struct as a parameter to update_rlimit_cpu to be able to set
rlimit_cpu of different task than current.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Add task_struct to task_setrlimit of security_operations to be able to set
rlimit of task other than current.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
About 6 months ago, I made a set of changes to how the core-dump-to-a-pipe
feature in the kernel works. We had reports of several races, including
some reports of apps bypassing our recursion check so that a process that
was forked as part of a core_pattern setup could infinitely crash and
refork until the system crashed.
We fixed those by improving our recursion checks. The new check basically
refuses to fork a process if its core limit is zero, which works well.
Unfortunately, I've been getting grief from maintainer of user space
programs that are inserted as the forked process of core_pattern. They
contend that in order for their programs (such as abrt and apport) to
work, all the running processes in a system must have their core limits
set to a non-zero value, to which I say 'yes'. I did this by design, and
think thats the right way to do things.
But I've been asked to ease this burden on user space enough times that I
thought I would take a look at it. The first suggestion was to make the
recursion check fail on a non-zero 'special' number, like one. That way
the core collector process could set its core size ulimit to 1, and enable
the kernel's recursion detection. This isn't a bad idea on the surface,
but I don't like it since its opt-in, in that if a program like abrt or
apport has a bug and fails to set such a core limit, we're left with a
recursively crashing system again.
So I've come up with this. What I've done is modify the
call_usermodehelper api such that an extra parameter is added, a function
pointer which will be called by the user helper task, after it forks, but
before it exec's the required process. This will give the caller the
opportunity to get a call back in the processes context, allowing it to do
whatever it needs to to the process in the kernel prior to exec-ing the
user space code. In the case of do_coredump, this callback is ues to set
the core ulimit of the helper process to 1. This elimnates the opt-in
problem that I had above, as it allows the ulimit for core sizes to be set
to the value of 1, which is what the recursion check looks for in
do_coredump.
This patch:
Create new function call_usermodehelper_fns() and allow it to assign both
an init and cleanup function, as we'll as arbitrary data.
The init function is called from the context of the forked process and
allows for customization of the helper process prior to calling exec. Its
return code gates the continuation of the process, or causes its exit.
Also add an arbitrary data pointer to the subprocess_info struct allowing
for data to be passed from the caller to the new process, and the
subsequent cleanup process
Also, use this patch to cleanup the cleanup function. It currently takes
an argp and envp pointer for freeing, which is ugly. Lets instead just
make the subprocess_info structure public, and pass that to the cleanup
and init routines
Signed-off-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On ppc64 you get this error:
$ setarch ppc -R true
setarch: ppc: Unrecognized architecture
because uname still reports ppc64 as the machine.
So mask off the personality flags when checking for PER_LINUX32.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
