The objects of "struct bootmem_data_t" are linked together to form
double-linked list sequentially based on its minimal page frame number.
The current implementation implicitly supports the following cases,
which means the inserting point for current bootmem data depends on how
"list_for_each" works. That makes the code a little hard to read.
Besides, "list_for_each" and "list_entry" can be replaced with
"list_for_each_entry".
- The linked list is empty.
- There has no entry in the linked list, whose minimal page
frame number is bigger than current one.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
alloc_bootmem_section() derives allocation area constraints from the
specified sparsemem section. This is a bit specific for a generic memory
allocator like bootmem, though, so move it over to sparsemem.
As __alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() already retries failed allocations with
relaxed area constraints, the fallback code in sparsemem.c can be removed
and the code becomes a bit more compact overall.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While the panicking node-specific allocation function tries to satisfy
node+goal, goal, node, anywhere, the non-panicking function still does
node+goal, goal, anywhere.
Make it simpler: define the panicking version in terms of the
non-panicking one, like the node-agnostic interface, so they always behave
the same way apart from how to deal with allocation failure.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Matching the desired goal to the right node is one thing, dropping the
goal when it can not be satisfied is another. Split this into separate
functions so that subsequent patches can use the node-finding but drop and
handle the goal fallback on their own terms.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When bootmem releases an unaligned BITS_PER_LONG pages chunk of memory
to the page allocator, it checks the bitmap if there are still
unreserved pages in the chunk (set bits), but also if the offset in the
chunk indicates BITS_PER_LONG loop iterations already.
But since the consulted bitmap is only a one-word-excerpt of the full
per-node bitmap, there can not be more than BITS_PER_LONG bits set in
it. The additional offset check is unnecessary.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When bootmem releases an unaligned chunk of memory at the beginning of a
node to the page allocator, it iterates from that unaligned PFN but
checks an aligned word of the page bitmap. The checked bits do not
correspond to the PFNs and, as a result, reserved pages can be freed.
Properly shift the bitmap word so that the lowest bit corresponds to the
starting PFN before entering the freeing loop.
This bug has been around since commit 41546c1741 ("bootmem: clean up
free_all_bootmem_core") (2.6.27) without known reports.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While testing AMS (Active Memory Sharing) / CMO (Cooperative Memory
Overcommit) on powerpc, we tripped the following:
kernel BUG at mm/bootmem.c:483!
cpu 0x0: Vector: 700 (Program Check) at [c000000000c03940]
pc: c000000000a62bd8: .alloc_bootmem_core+0x90/0x39c
lr: c000000000a64bcc: .sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node+0x84/0x29c
sp: c000000000c03bc0
msr: 8000000000021032
current = 0xc000000000b0cce0
paca = 0xc000000001d80000
pid = 0, comm = swapper
kernel BUG at mm/bootmem.c:483!
enter ? for help
[c000000000c03c80] c000000000a64bcc
.sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node+0x84/0x29c
[c000000000c03d50] c000000000a64f10 .sparse_init+0x12c/0x28c
[c000000000c03e20] c000000000a474f4 .setup_arch+0x20c/0x294
[c000000000c03ee0] c000000000a4079c .start_kernel+0xb4/0x460
[c000000000c03f90] c000000000009670 .start_here_common+0x1c/0x2c
This is
BUG_ON(limit && goal + size > limit);
and after some debugging, it seems that
goal = 0x7ffff000000
limit = 0x80000000000
and sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node ->
sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_pgdat_section calls
return alloc_bootmem_section(usemap_size() * count, section_nr);
This is on a system with 8TB available via the AMS pool, and as a quirk
of AMS in firmware, all of that memory shows up in node 0. So, we end
up with an allocation that will fail the goal/limit constraints.
In theory, we could "fall-back" to alloc_bootmem_node() in
sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node(), but since we actually have HOTREMOVE
defined, we'll BUG_ON() instead. A simple solution appears to be to
unconditionally remove the limit condition in alloc_bootmem_section,
meaning allocations are allowed to cross section boundaries (necessary
for systems of this size).
Johannes Weiner pointed out that if alloc_bootmem_section() no longer
guarantees section-locality, we need check_usemap_section_nr() to print
possible cross-dependencies between node descriptors and the usemaps
allocated through it. That makes the two loops in
sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node() identical, so re-factor the code a
bit.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: code simplification]
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ben Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3.1]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The loop that frees pages to the page allocator while bootstrapping tries
to free higher-order blocks only when the starting address is aligned to
that block size. Otherwise it will free all pages on that node
one-by-one.
Change it to free individual pages up to the first aligned block and then
try higher-order frees from there.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The area node_bootmem_map represents is aligned to BITS_PER_LONG, and all
bits in any aligned word of that map valid. When the represented area
extends beyond the end of the node, the non-existant pages will be marked
as reserved.
As a result, when freeing a page block, doing an explicit range check for
whether that block is within the node's range is redundant as the bitmap
is consulted anyway to see whether all pages in the block are unreserved.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The first entry of bdata->node_bootmem_map holds the data for
bdata->node_min_pfn up to bdata->node_min_pfn + BITS_PER_LONG - 1. So the
test for freeing all pages of a single map entry can be slightly relaxed.
Moreover use DIV_ROUND_UP in another place instead of open coding it.
Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The files changed within are only using the EXPORT_SYMBOL
macro variants. They are not using core modular infrastructure
and hence don't need module.h but only the export.h header.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
The Xen PV drivers in a crashed HVM guest can not connect to the dom0
backend drivers because both frontend and backend drivers are still in
connected state. To run the connection reset function only in case of a
crashdump, the is_kdump_kernel() function needs to be available for the PV
driver modules.
Consolidate elfcorehdr_addr, setup_elfcorehdr and saved_max_pfn into
kernel/crash_dump.c Also export elfcorehdr_addr to make is_kdump_kernel()
usable for modules.
Leave 'elfcorehdr' as early_param(). This changes powerpc from __setup()
to early_param(). It adds an address range check from x86 also on ia64
and powerpc.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: additional #includes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove elfcorehdr_addr export]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix for Tejun's mm/nobootmem.c changes]
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that bootmem.c and nobootmem.c are separate, it's cleaner to
define contig_page_data in each file than in page_alloc.c with #ifdef.
Move it.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change.
-v2: According to Andrew, fixed the struct layout.
-tj: Updated commit description.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
mm/bootmem.c contained code paths for both bootmem and no bootmem
configurations. They implement about the same set of APIs in
different ways and as a result bootmem.c contains massive amount of
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM.
Separate out CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM code into mm/nobootmem.c. As the
common part is relatively small, duplicate them in nobootmem.c instead
of creating a common file or ifdef'ing in bootmem.c.
The followings are duplicated.
* {min|max}_low_pfn, max_pfn, saved_max_pfn
* free_bootmem_late()
* ___alloc_bootmem()
* __alloc_bootmem_low()
The followings are applicable only to nobootmem and moved verbatim.
* __free_pages_memory()
* free_all_memory_core_early()
The followings are not applicable to nobootmem and omitted in
nobootmem.c.
* reserve_bootmem_node()
* reserve_bootmem()
The rest split function bodies according to CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM.
Makefile is updated so that only either bootmem.c or nobootmem.c is
built according to CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change.
-tj: Rewrote commit description.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
1.include linux/memblock.h directly. so later could reduce e820.h reference.
2 this patch is done by sed scripts mainly
-v2: use MEMBLOCK_ERROR instead of -1ULL or -1UL
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
1. replace find_e820_area with memblock_find_in_range
2. replace reserve_early with memblock_x86_reserve_range
3. replace free_early with memblock_x86_free_range.
4. NO_BOOTMEM will switch to use memblock too.
5. use _e820, _early wrap in the patch, in following patch, will
replace them all
6. because memblock_x86_free_range support partial free, we can remove some special care
7. Need to make sure that memblock_find_in_range() is called after memblock_x86_fill()
so adjust some calling later in setup.c::setup_arch()
-- corruption_check and mptable_update
-v2: Move reserve_brk() early
Before fill_memblock_area, to avoid overlap between brk and memblock_find_in_range()
that could happen We have more then 128 RAM entry in E820 tables, and
memblock_x86_fill() could use memblock_find_in_range() to find a new place for
memblock.memory.region array.
and We don't need to use extend_brk() after fill_memblock_area()
So move reserve_brk() early before fill_memblock_area().
-v3: Move find_smp_config early
To make sure memblock_find_in_range not find wrong place, if BIOS doesn't put mptable
in right place.
-v4: Treat RESERVED_KERN as RAM in memblock.memory. and they are already in
memblock.reserved already..
use __NOT_KEEP_MEMBLOCK to make sure memblock related code could be freed later.
-v5: Generic version __memblock_find_in_range() is going from high to low, and for 32bit
active_region for 32bit does include high pages
need to replace the limit with memblock.default_alloc_limit, aka get_max_mapped()
-v6: Use current_limit instead
-v7: check with MEMBLOCK_ERROR instead of -1ULL or -1L
-v8: Set memblock_can_resize early to handle EFI with more RAM entries
-v9: update after kmemleak changes in mainline
Suggested-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Suggested-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
It will be used memblock_x86_to_bootmem converting
It is an wrapper for reserve_bootmem, and x86 64bit is using special one.
Also clean up that version for x86_64. We don't need to take care of numa
path for that, bootmem can handle it how
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: Fix double enable_IR_x2apic() call on SMP kernel on !SMP boards
x86: Increase CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT max to 10
ibft, x86: Change reserve_ibft_region() to find_ibft_region()
x86, hpet: Fix bug in RTC emulation
x86, hpet: Erratum workaround for read after write of HPET comparator
bootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0
nobootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0
x86: Handle overlapping mptables
x86: Make e820_remove_range to handle all covered case
x86-32, resume: do a global tlb flush in S4 resume
When 32bit numa is used, free_all_bootmem() will still only go over with
node id 0.
If node 0 doesn't have RAM installed, the lowest populated node
becomes low RAM.
This one fixes BOOTMEM path by iterating over the bdata_list.
-v3: add more comments, and fix bootmem path too.
-v4: seperate from one big patch
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <4BB416D7.6090203@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
On one system without RAM on node0, got following boot dump with a 32
bit NUMA kernel:
early_node_map[4] active PFN ranges
1: 0x00000010 -> 0x00000099
1: 0x00000100 -> 0x0007da00
1: 0x0007e800 -> 0x0007ffa0
1: 0x0007ffae -> 0x0007ffb0
...
Subtract (29 early reservations)
#000 [0000001000 - 0000002000]
#001 [0000089000 - 000008f000]
#002 [0000091000 - 0000093500]
...
#027 [007cbfef40 - 007e800000]
#028 [007e9ca000 - 007ff95000]
(0 free memory ranges)
Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00000000:00000000)
Initializing HighMem for node 1 (00000000:00000000)
Memory: 0k/2096832k available (6662k kernel code, 2096300k reserved, 4829k data, 484k init, 0k highmem)
...
Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...Ok.
swapper: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x0
Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.34-rc3-tip-03818-g4b1ea6c-dirty #35
Call Trace:
[<4087a5dc>] ? printk+0xf/0x11
[<40286728>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x417/0x487
[<402a9ce1>] new_slab+0xe2/0x1fe
[<402aa5b2>] kmem_cache_open+0x185/0x358
[<402abbc0>] T.954+0x1c/0x60
[<40d52a29>] kmem_cache_init+0x24/0x113
[<40d39738>] start_kernel+0x166/0x2e4
[<40d3940e>] ? unknown_bootoption+0x0/0x18e
[<40d390ce>] i386_start_kernel+0xce/0xd5
Mem-Info:
Node 1 DMA per-cpu:
CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0
Node 1 Normal per-cpu:
CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0
active_anon:0 inactive_anon:0 isolated_anon:0
active_file:0 inactive_file:0 isolated_file:0
unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
free:0 slab_reclaimable:0 slab_unreclaimable:0
mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:0 bounce:0
When 32bit NUMA is used, free_all_bootmem() will still only go over with
node id 0.
If node 0 doesn't have RAM installed, We need to go with node1
because early_node_map still use 1 for all ranges, and ram from node1
become low ram.
Use MAX_NUMNODES like 64-bit NUMA does.
Note: BOOTMEM path has the same problem.
this bug exist before We have NO_BOOTMEM support.
-v3: add more comments, and fix bootmem path too.
-v4: seperate bootmem path fix
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <4BB41689.9090502@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
