Nothing in the tree uses nopage any more. Remove support for it in the
core mm code and documentation (and a few stray references to it in
comments).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch changes the s390 memory management defintions to use the pgste field
for dirty and reference bit tracking of host and guest code. Usually on s390,
dirty and referenced are tracked in storage keys, which belong to the physical
page. This changes with virtualization: The guest and host dirty/reference bits
are defined to be the logical OR of the values for the mapping and the physical
page. This patch implements the necessary changes in pgtable.h for s390.
There is a common code change in mm/rmap.c, the call to
page_test_and_clear_young must be moved. This is a no-op for all
architecture but s390. page_referenced checks the referenced bits for
the physiscal page and for all mappings:
o The physical page is checked with page_test_and_clear_young.
o The mappings are checked with ptep_test_and_clear_young and friends.
Without pgstes (the current implementation on Linux s390) the physical page
check is implemented but the mapping callbacks are no-ops because dirty
and referenced are not tracked in the s390 page tables. The pgstes introduces
guest and host dirty and reference bits for s390 in the host mapping. These
mapping must be checked before page_test_and_clear_young resets the reference
bit.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
mm_cgroup() is exclusively used to test whether an mm's mem_cgroup pointer
is pointing to a specific cgroup. Instead of returning the pointer, we can
just do the test itself in a new macro:
vm_match_cgroup(mm, cgroup)
returns non-zero if the mm's mem_cgroup points to cgroup. Otherwise it
returns zero.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page
Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both.
The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap()
time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(),
__delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for.
Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the
page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving
simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the
page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS
of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache.
Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work
of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help
from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan.
[hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking]
Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
try_to_unmap always fails on a page found in a VM_LOCKED vma (unless
migrating), and recycles it back to the active list. But if it's an
anonymous page, we've already allocated swap to it: just wasting swap.
Spot locked pages in page_referenced_one and treat them as referenced.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ethan Solomita <solo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Most pagecache (and some other) radix tree insertions have the great
opportunity to preallocate a few nodes with relaxed gfp flags. But the
preallocation is squandered when it comes time to allocate a node, we
default to first attempting a GFP_ATOMIC allocation -- that doesn't
normally fail, but it can eat into atomic memory reserves that we don't
need to be using.
Another upshot of this is that it removes the sometimes highly contended
zone->lock from underneath tree_lock. Pagecache insertions are always
performed with a radix tree preload, and after this change, such a
situation will never fall back to kmem_cache_alloc within
radix_tree_node_alloc.
David Miller reports seeing this allocation fail on a highly threaded
sparc64 system:
[527319.459981] dd: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x20
[527319.460403] Call Trace:
[527319.460568] [00000000004b71e0] __slab_alloc+0x1b0/0x6a8
[527319.460636] [00000000004b7bbc] kmem_cache_alloc+0x4c/0xa8
[527319.460698] [000000000055309c] radix_tree_node_alloc+0x20/0x90
[527319.460763] [0000000000553238] radix_tree_insert+0x12c/0x260
[527319.460830] [0000000000495cd0] add_to_page_cache+0x38/0xb0
[527319.460893] [00000000004e4794] mpage_readpages+0x6c/0x134
[527319.460955] [000000000049c7fc] __do_page_cache_readahead+0x170/0x280
[527319.461028] [000000000049cc88] ondemand_readahead+0x208/0x214
[527319.461094] [0000000000496018] do_generic_mapping_read+0xe8/0x428
[527319.461152] [0000000000497948] generic_file_aio_read+0x108/0x170
[527319.461217] [00000000004badac] do_sync_read+0x88/0xd0
[527319.461292] [00000000004bb5cc] vfs_read+0x78/0x10c
[527319.461361] [00000000004bb920] sys_read+0x34/0x60
[527319.461424] [0000000000406294] linux_sparc_syscall32+0x3c/0x40
The calltrace is significant: __do_page_cache_readahead allocates a number
of pages with GFP_KERNEL, and hence it should have reclaimed sufficient
memory to satisfy GFP_ATOMIC allocations. However after the list of pages
goes to mpage_readpages, there can be significant intervals (including disk
IO) before all the pages are inserted into the radix-tree. So the reserves
can easily be depleted at that point. The patch is confirmed to fix the
problem.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_mkclean used to call page_clear_dirty for every given page. This
is different to all other architectures, where the dirty bit in the
PTEs is only resetted, if page_mapping() returns a non-NULL pointer.
We can move the page_test_dirty/page_clear_dirty sequence into the
2nd if to avoid unnecessary iske/sske sequences, which are expensive.
This change also helps kvm for s390 as the host must transfer the
dirty bit into the guest status bits. By moving the page_clear_dirty
operation into the 2nd if, the vm will only call page_clear_dirty
for pages where it walks the mapping anyway. There it calls
ptep_clear_flush for writable ptes, so we can transfer the dirty bit
to the guest.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
We hit the BUG_ON() in mm/rmap.c:vma_address() when trying to migrate via
mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE) a non-anon region that spans multiple vmas. For
anon-regions, we just fail to migrate any pages beyond the 1st vma in the
range.
This occurs because do_mbind() collects a list of pages to migrate by
calling check_range(). check_range() walks the task's mm, spanning vmas as
necessary, to collect the migratable pages into a list. Then, do_mbind()
calls migrate_pages() passing the list of pages, a function to allocate new
pages based on vma policy [new_vma_page()], and a pointer to the first vma
of the range.
For each page in the list, new_vma_page() calls page_address_in_vma()
passing the page and the vma [first in range] to obtain the address to get
for alloc_page_vma(). The page address is needed to get interleaving
policy correct. If the pages in the list come from multiple vmas,
eventually, new_page_address() will pass that page to page_address_in_vma()
with the incorrect vma. For !PageAnon pages, this will result in a bug
check in rmap.c:vma_address(). For anon pages, vma_address() will just
return EFAULT and fail the migration.
This patch modifies new_vma_page() to check the return value from
page_address_in_vma(). If the return value is EFAULT, new_vma_page()
searchs forward via vm_next for the vma that maps the page--i.e., that does
not return EFAULT. This assumes that the pages in the list handed to
migrate_pages() is in address order. This is currently case. The patch
documents this assumption in a new comment block for new_vma_page().
If new_vma_page() cannot locate the vma mapping the page in a forward
search in the mm, it will pass a NULL vma to alloc_page_vma(). This will
result in the allocation using the task policy, if any, else system default
policy. This situation is unlikely, but the patch documents this behavior
with a comment.
Note, this patch results in restarting from the first vma in a multi-vma
range each time new_vma_page() is called. If this is not acceptable, we
can make the vma argument a pointer, both in new_vma_page() and it's caller
unmap_and_move() so that the value held by the loop in migrate_pages()
always passes down the last vma in which a page was found. This will
require changes to all new_page_t functions passed to migrate_pages(). Is
this necessary?
For this patch to work, we can't bug check in vma_address() for pages
outside the argument vma. This patch removes the BUG_ON(). All other
callers [besides new_vma_page()] already check the return status.
Tested on x86_64, 4 node NUMA platform.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
zone->lock is quite an "inner" lock and mostly constrained to page alloc as
well, so like slab locks, it probably isn't something that is critically
important to document here. However unlike slab locks, zone lock could be
used more widely in future, and page_alloc.c might possibly have more
business to do tricky things with pagecache than does slab. So... I don't
think it hurts to document it.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab constructors currently have a flags parameter that is never used. And
the order of the arguments is opposite to other slab functions. The object
pointer is placed before the kmem_cache pointer.
Convert
ctor(void *object, struct kmem_cache *s, unsigned long flags)
to
ctor(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object)
throughout the kernel
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coupla fixes]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current ia64 kernel flushes icache by lazy_mmu_prot_update() *after*
set_pte(). This is too late. This patch removes lazy_mmu_prot_update and
add modfied set_pte() for flushing if necessary.
This patch flush icache of a page when
new pte has exec bit.
&& new pte has present bit
&& new pte is user's page.
&& (old *ptep is not present
|| new pte's pfn is not same to old *ptep's ptn)
&& new pte's page has no Pg_arch_1 bit.
Pg_arch_1 is set when a page is cache consistent.
I think this condition checks are much easier to understand than considering
"Where sync_icache_dcache() should be inserted ?".
pte_user() for ia64 was removed by http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/6/12/67 as
clean-up. So, I added it again.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's
c59def9f22 change. They've been
BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them
either.
This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create()
completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were
about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves,
or the documentation references).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Nonlinear mappings are (AFAIKS) simply a virtual memory concept that encodes
the virtual address -> file offset differently from linear mappings.
->populate is a layering violation because the filesystem/pagecache code
should need to know anything about the virtual memory mapping. The hitch here
is that the ->nopage handler didn't pass down enough information (ie. pgoff).
But it is more logical to pass pgoff rather than have the ->nopage function
calculate it itself anyway (because that's a similar layering violation).
Having the populate handler install the pte itself is likewise a nasty thing
to be doing.
This patch introduces a new fault handler that replaces ->nopage and
->populate and (later) ->nopfn. Most of the old mechanism is still in place
so there is a lot of duplication and nice cleanups that can be removed if
everyone switches over.
The rationale for doing this in the first place is that nonlinear mappings are
subject to the pagefault vs invalidate/truncate race too, and it seemed stupid
to duplicate the synchronisation logic rather than just consolidate the two.
After this patch, MAP_NONBLOCK no longer sets up ptes for pages present in
pagecache. Seems like a fringe functionality anyway.
NOPAGE_REFAULT is removed. This should be implemented with ->fault, and no
users have hit mainline yet.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: doc. fixes for readahead]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
validate_anon_vma gave a useful check on the integrity of the anon_vma list
when Andrea was developing obj rmap; but it was not enabled in SLES9
itself, nor in mainline, until Nick changed commented-out RMAP_DEBUG to
configurable CONFIG_DEBUG_VM in 2.6.17. Now Petr Vandrovec reports that
its BUG_ON(mapcount > 100000) can easily crash a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y system.
That limit was just an arbitrary number to protect against an infinite
loop. We could raise it to something enormous (depending on sizeof struct
vma and size of memory?); but I rather think validate_anon_vma has outlived
its usefulness, and is better just removed - which gives a magnificent
performance boost to anything like Petr's test program ;)
Of course, a very long anon_vma list is bad news for preemption latency,
and I believe there has been one recent report of such: let's not forget
that, but validate_anon_vma only makes it worse not better.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Petr Vandrovec <petr@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Re-introduce rmap verification patches that Hugh removed when he removed
PG_map_lock. PG_map_lock actually isn't needed to synchronise access to
anonymous pages, because PG_locked and PTL together already do.
These checks were important in discovering and fixing a rare rmap corruption
in SLES9.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This implements deferred IO support in fbdev. Deferred IO is a way to delay
and repurpose IO. This implementation is done using mm's page_mkwrite and
page_mkclean hooks in order to detect, delay and then rewrite IO. This
functionality is used by hecubafb.
[adaplas]
This is useful for graphics hardware with no directly addressable/mappable
framebuffer. Implementing this will allow the "framebuffer" to be accesible
from user space via mmap().
Signed-off-by: Jaya Kumar <jayakumar.lkml@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antonino Daplas <adaplas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I have never seen a use of SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL. It is only supported by
SLAB.
I think its purpose was to have a callback after an object has been freed
to verify that the state is the constructor state again? The callback is
performed before each freeing of an object.
I would think that it is much easier to check the object state manually
before the free. That also places the check near the code object
manipulation of the object.
Also the SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL callback is only performed if the kernel was
compiled with SLAB debugging on. If there would be code in a constructor
handling SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL then it would have to be conditional on
SLAB_DEBUG otherwise it would just be dead code. But there is no such code
in the kernel. I think SLUB_DEBUG_INITIAL is too problematic to make real
use of, difficult to understand and there are easier ways to accomplish the
same effect (i.e. add debug code before kfree).
There is a related flag SLAB_CTOR_VERIFY that is frequently checked to be
clear in fs inode caches. Remove the pointless checks (they would even be
pointless without removeal of SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL) from the fs constructors.
This is the last slab flag that SLUB did not support. Remove the check for
unimplemented flags from SLUB.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The page_test_and_clear_dirty primitive really consists of two
operations, page_test_dirty and the page_clear_dirty. The combination
of the two is not an atomic operation, so it makes more sense to have
two separate operations instead of one.
In addition to the improved readability of the s390 version of
SetPageUptodate, it now avoids the page_test_dirty operation which is
an insert-storage-key-extended (iske) instruction which is an expensive
operation.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The git commit c2fda5fed8 which
added the page_test_and_clear_dirty call to page_mkclean and the
git commit 7658cc2892 which fixes
the "nasty and subtle race in shared mmap'ed page writeback"
problem in clear_page_dirty_for_io cause data corruption on s390.
The effect of the two changes is that for every call to
clear_page_dirty_for_io a page_test_and_clear_dirty is done. If
the per page dirty bit is set set_page_dirty is called. Strangly
clear_page_dirty_for_io is called for not-uptodate pages, e.g.
over this call-chain:
[<000000000007c0f2>] clear_page_dirty_for_io+0x12a/0x130
[<000000000007c494>] generic_writepages+0x258/0x3e0
[<000000000007c692>] do_writepages+0x76/0x7c
[<00000000000c7a26>] __writeback_single_inode+0xba/0x3e4
[<00000000000c831a>] sync_sb_inodes+0x23e/0x398
[<00000000000c8802>] writeback_inodes+0x12e/0x140
[<000000000007b9ee>] wb_kupdate+0xd2/0x178
[<000000000007cca2>] pdflush+0x162/0x23c
The bad news now is that page_test_and_clear_dirty might claim
that a not-uptodate page is dirty since SetPageUptodate which
resets the per page dirty bit has not yet been called. The page
writeback that follows clobbers the data on disk.
The simplest solution to this problem is to move the call to
page_test_and_clear_dirty under the "if (page_mapped(page))".
If a file backed page is mapped it is uptodate.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
page_lock_anon_vma() uses spin_lock() to block RCU. This doesn't work with
PREEMPT_RCU, we have to do rcu_read_lock() explicitely. Otherwise, it is
theoretically possible that slab returns anon_vma's memory to the system
before we do spin_unlock(&anon_vma->lock).
[ Hugh points out that this only matters for PREEMPT_RCU, which isn't merged
yet, and may never be. Regardless, this patch is conceptually the
right thing to do, even if it doesn't matter at this point. - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
