gpio: sysfs interface

This adds a simple sysfs interface for GPIOs.

    /sys/class/gpio
    	/export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace
    	/unexport ... to return a GPIO to the kernel
        /gpioN ... for each exported GPIO #N
	    /value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs
	    /direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write high, low
	/gpiochipN ... for each gpiochip; #N is its first GPIO
	    /base ... (r/o) same as N
	    /label ... (r/o) descriptive, not necessarily unique
	    /ngpio ... (r/o) number of GPIOs; numbered N .. N+(ngpio - 1)

GPIOs claimed by kernel code may be exported by its owner using a new
gpio_export() call, which should be most useful for driver debugging.
Such exports may optionally be done without a "direction" attribute.

Userspace may ask to take over a GPIO by writing to a sysfs control file,
helping to cope with incomplete board support or other "one-off"
requirements that don't merit full kernel support:

  echo 23 > /sys/class/gpio/export
	... will gpio_request(23, "sysfs") and gpio_export(23);
	use /sys/class/gpio/gpio-23/direction to (re)configure it,
	when that GPIO can be used as both input and output.
  echo 23 > /sys/class/gpio/unexport
	... will gpio_free(23), when it was exported as above

The extra D-space footprint is a few hundred bytes, except for the sysfs
resources associated with each exported GPIO.  The additional I-space
footprint is about two thirds of the current size of gpiolib (!).  Since
no /dev node creation is involved, no "udev" support is needed.

Related changes:

  * This adds a device pointer to "struct gpio_chip".  When GPIO
    providers initialize that, sysfs gpio class devices become children of
    that device instead of being "virtual" devices.

  * The (few) gpio_chip providers which have such a device node have
    been updated.

  * Some gpio_chip drivers also needed to update their module "owner"
    field ...  for which missing kerneldoc was added.

  * Some gpio_chips don't support input GPIOs.  Those GPIOs are now
    flagged appropriately when the chip is registered.

Based on previous patches, and discussion both on and off LKML.

A Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-gpio update is ready to submit once this
merges to mainline.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: a few maintenance build fixes]
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/gpio.txt

@@ -347,15 +347,12 @@ necessarily be nonportable.
 Dynamic definition of GPIOs is not currently standard; for example, as
 a side effect of configuring an add-on board with some GPIO expanders.
 
-These calls are purely for kernel space, but a userspace API could be built
-on top of them.
-
 
 GPIO implementor's framework (OPTIONAL)
 =======================================
 As noted earlier, there is an optional implementation framework making it
 easier for platforms to support different kinds of GPIO controller using
-the same programming interface.
+the same programming interface.  This framework is called "gpiolib".
 
 As a debugging aid, if debugfs is available a /sys/kernel/debug/gpio file
 will be found there.  That will list all the controllers registered through
@@ -439,4 +436,120 @@ becomes available.  That may mean the device should not be registered until
 calls for that GPIO can work.  One way to address such dependencies is for
 such gpio_chip controllers to provide setup() and teardown() callbacks to
 board specific code; those board specific callbacks would register devices
-once all the necessary resources are available.
+once all the necessary resources are available, and remove them later when
+the GPIO controller device becomes unavailable.
+
+
+Sysfs Interface for Userspace (OPTIONAL)
+========================================
+Platforms which use the "gpiolib" implementors framework may choose to
+configure a sysfs user interface to GPIOs.  This is different from the
+debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
+value instead of just showing a gpio state summary.  Plus, it could be
+present on production systems without debugging support.
+
+Given approprate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
+know for example that GPIO #23 controls the write protect line used to
+protect boot loader segments in flash memory.  System upgrade procedures
+may need to temporarily remove that protection, first importing a GPIO,
+then changing its output state, then updating the code before re-enabling
+the write protection.  In normal use, GPIO #23 would never be touched,
+and the kernel would have no need to know about it.
+
+Again depending on appropriate hardware documentation, on some systems
+userspace GPIO can be used to determine system configuration data that
+standard kernels won't know about.  And for some tasks, simple userspace
+GPIO drivers could be all that the system really needs.
+
+Note that standard kernel drivers exist for common "LEDs and Buttons"
+GPIO tasks:  "leds-gpio" and "gpio_keys", respectively.  Use those
+instead of talking directly to the GPIOs; they integrate with kernel
+frameworks better than your userspace code could.
+
+
+Paths in Sysfs
+--------------
+There are three kinds of entry in /sys/class/gpio:
+
+   -	Control interfaces used to get userspace control over GPIOs;
+
+   -	GPIOs themselves; and
+
+   -	GPIO controllers ("gpio_chip" instances).
+
+That's in addition to standard files including the "device" symlink.
+
+The control interfaces are write-only:
+
+    /sys/class/gpio/
+
+    	"export" ... Userspace may ask the kernel to export control of
+		a GPIO to userspace by writing its number to this file.
+
+		Example:  "echo 19 > export" will create a "gpio19" node
+		for GPIO #19, if that's not requested by kernel code.
+
+    	"unexport" ... Reverses the effect of exporting to userspace.
+
+		Example:  "echo 19 > unexport" will remove a "gpio19"
+		node exported using the "export" file.
+
+GPIO signals have paths like /sys/class/gpio/gpio42/ (for GPIO #42)
+and have the following read/write attributes:
+
+    /sys/class/gpio/gpioN/
+
+	"direction" ... reads as either "in" or "out".  This value may
+		normally be written.  Writing as "out" defaults to
+		initializing the value as low.  To ensure glitch free
+		operation, values "low" and "high" may be written to
+		configure the GPIO as an output with that initial value.
+
+		Note that this attribute *will not exist* if the kernel
+		doesn't support changing the direction of a GPIO, or
+		it was exported by kernel code that didn't explicitly
+		allow userspace to reconfigure this GPIO's direction.
+
+	"value" ... reads as either 0 (low) or 1 (high).  If the GPIO
+		is configured as an output, this value may be written;
+		any nonzero value is treated as high.
+
+GPIO controllers have paths like /sys/class/gpio/chipchip42/ (for the
+controller implementing GPIOs starting at #42) and have the following
+read-only attributes:
+
+    /sys/class/gpio/gpiochipN/
+
+    	"base" ... same as N, the first GPIO managed by this chip
+
+    	"label" ... provided for diagnostics (not always unique)
+
+    	"ngpio" ... how many GPIOs this manges (N to N + ngpio - 1)
+
+Board documentation should in most cases cover what GPIOs are used for
+what purposes.  However, those numbers are not always stable; GPIOs on
+a daughtercard might be different depending on the base board being used,
+or other cards in the stack.  In such cases, you may need to use the
+gpiochip nodes (possibly in conjunction with schematics) to determine
+the correct GPIO number to use for a given signal.
+
+
+Exporting from Kernel code
+--------------------------
+Kernel code can explicitly manage exports of GPIOs which have already been
+requested using gpio_request():
+
+	/* export the GPIO to userspace */
+	int gpio_export(unsigned gpio, bool direction_may_change);
+
+	/* reverse gpio_export() */
+	void gpio_unexport();
+
+After a kernel driver requests a GPIO, it may only be made available in
+the sysfs interface by gpio_export().  The driver can control whether the
+signal direction may change.  This helps drivers prevent userspace code
+from accidentally clobbering important system state.
+
+This explicit exporting can help with debugging (by making some kinds
+of experiments easier), or can provide an always-there interface that's
+suitable for documenting as part of a board support package.

arch/arm/plat-omap/gpio.c

@@ -1488,6 +1488,9 @@ static int __init _omap_gpio_init(void)
 		bank->chip.set = gpio_set;
 		if (bank_is_mpuio(bank)) {
 			bank->chip.label = "mpuio";
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP1
+			bank->chip.dev = &omap_mpuio_device.dev;
+#endif
 			bank->chip.base = OMAP_MPUIO(0);
 		} else {
 			bank->chip.label = "gpio";

arch/avr32/mach-at32ap/pio.c

@@ -360,6 +360,8 @@ static int __init pio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	pio->chip.label = pio->name;
 	pio->chip.base = pdev->id * 32;
 	pio->chip.ngpio = 32;
+	pio->chip.dev = &pdev->dev;
+	pio->chip.owner = THIS_MODULE;
 
 	pio->chip.direction_input = direction_input;
 	pio->chip.get = gpio_get;

drivers/gpio/Kconfig

@@ -23,6 +23,21 @@ config DEBUG_GPIO
 	  slower.  The diagnostics help catch the type of setup errors
 	  that are most common when setting up new platforms or boards.
 
+config GPIO_SYSFS
+	bool "/sys/class/gpio/... (sysfs interface)"
+	depends on SYSFS && EXPERIMENTAL
+	help
+	  Say Y here to add a sysfs interface for GPIOs.
+
+	  This is mostly useful to work around omissions in a system's
+	  kernel support.  Those are common in custom and semicustom
+	  hardware assembled using standard kernels with a minimum of
+	  custom patches.  In those cases, userspace code may import
+	  a given GPIO from the kernel, if no kernel driver requested it.
+
+	  Kernel drivers may also request that a particular GPIO be
+	  exported to userspace; this can be useful when debugging.
+
 # put expanders in the right section, in alphabetical order
 
 comment "I2C GPIO expanders:"

drivers/gpio/mcp23s08.c

@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ static int mcp23s08_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
 	mcp->chip.base = pdata->base;
 	mcp->chip.ngpio = 8;
 	mcp->chip.can_sleep = 1;
+	mcp->chip.dev = &spi->dev;
 	mcp->chip.owner = THIS_MODULE;
 
 	spi_set_drvdata(spi, mcp);

drivers/gpio/pca953x.c

@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ static void pca953x_setup_gpio(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int gpios)
 	gc->base = chip->gpio_start;
 	gc->ngpio = gpios;
 	gc->label = chip->client->name;
+	gc->dev = &chip->client->dev;
 	gc->owner = THIS_MODULE;
 }
 

drivers/gpio/pcf857x.c

@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ static int pcf857x_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
 
 	gpio->chip.base = pdata->gpio_base;
 	gpio->chip.can_sleep = 1;
+	gpio->chip.dev = &client->dev;
 	gpio->chip.owner = THIS_MODULE;
 
 	/* NOTE:  the OnSemi jlc1562b is also largely compatible with

drivers/i2c/chips/tps65010.c

@@ -636,6 +636,8 @@ static int tps65010_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
 		tps->outmask = board->outmask;
 
 		tps->chip.label = client->name;
+		tps->chip.dev = &client->dev;
+		tps->chip.owner = THIS_MODULE;
 
 		tps->chip.set = tps65010_gpio_set;
 		tps->chip.direction_output = tps65010_output;

drivers/mfd/htc-egpio.c

@@ -318,6 +318,8 @@ static int __init egpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 		ei->chip[i].dev = &(pdev->dev);
 		chip = &(ei->chip[i].chip);
 		chip->label           = "htc-egpio";
+		chip->dev             = &pdev->dev;
+		chip->owner           = THIS_MODULE;
 		chip->get             = egpio_get;
 		chip->set             = egpio_set;
 		chip->direction_input = egpio_direction_input;

include/asm-generic/gpio.h

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ struct module;
 /**
  * struct gpio_chip - abstract a GPIO controller
  * @label: for diagnostics
+ * @dev: optional device providing the GPIOs
+ * @owner: helps prevent removal of modules exporting active GPIOs
  * @direction_input: configures signal "offset" as input, or returns error
  * @get: returns value for signal "offset"; for output signals this
  *	returns either the value actually sensed, or zero
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ struct module;
  */
 struct gpio_chip {
 	char			*label;
+	struct device		*dev;
 	struct module		*owner;
 
 	int			(*direction_input)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ struct gpio_chip {
 	int			base;
 	u16			ngpio;
 	unsigned		can_sleep:1;
+	unsigned		exported:1;
 };
 
 extern const char *gpiochip_is_requested(struct gpio_chip *chip,
@@ -108,7 +112,18 @@ extern void __gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value);
 extern int __gpio_cansleep(unsigned gpio);
 
 
-#else
+#ifdef CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS
+
+/*
+ * A sysfs interface can be exported by individual drivers if they want,
+ * but more typically is configured entirely from userspace.
+ */
+extern int gpio_export(unsigned gpio, bool direction_may_change);
+extern void gpio_unexport(unsigned gpio);
+
+#endif	/* CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS */
+
+#else	/* !CONFIG_HAVE_GPIO_LIB */
 
 static inline int gpio_is_valid(int number)
 {
@@ -137,6 +152,20 @@ static inline void gpio_set_value_cansleep(unsigned gpio, int value)
 	gpio_set_value(gpio, value);
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif /* !CONFIG_HAVE_GPIO_LIB */
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS
+
+/* sysfs support is only available with gpiolib, where it's optional */
+
+static inline int gpio_export(unsigned gpio, bool direction_may_change)
+{
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
+static inline void gpio_unexport(unsigned gpio)
+{
+}
+#endif	/* CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_GPIO_H */

include/linux/gpio.h

@@ -79,6 +79,19 @@ static inline void gpio_set_value_cansleep(unsigned gpio, int value)
 	WARN_ON(1);
 }
 
+static inline int gpio_export(unsigned gpio, bool direction_may_change)
+{
+	/* GPIO can never have been requested or set as {in,out}put */
+	WARN_ON(1);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static inline void gpio_unexport(unsigned gpio)
+{
+	/* GPIO can never have been exported */
+	WARN_ON(1);
+}
+
 static inline int gpio_to_irq(unsigned gpio)
 {
 	/* GPIO can never have been requested or set as input */