diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
index 71a12660f747..33d93f800734 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(memstart_addr);
  */
 phys_addr_t arm64_dma_phys_limit __ro_after_init;
 
+/*
+ * Provide a run-time mean of disabling ZONE_DMA32 if it is enabled via
+ * CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32.
+ */
+static bool disable_dma32 __ro_after_init;
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
 /*
  * reserve_crashkernel() - reserves memory for crash kernel
@@ -207,7 +213,7 @@ static void __init zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
 	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA] = PFN_DOWN(arm64_dma_phys_limit);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
-	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit);
+	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = disable_dma32 ? 0 : PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit);
 	if (!arm64_dma_phys_limit)
 		arm64_dma_phys_limit = dma32_phys_limit;
 #endif
@@ -218,6 +224,18 @@ static void __init zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
 	free_area_init(max_zone_pfns);
 }
 
+static int __init early_disable_dma32(char *buf)
+{
+	if (!buf)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!strcmp(buf, "on"))
+		disable_dma32 = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("disable_dma32", early_disable_dma32);
+
 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
 {
 	phys_addr_t addr = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init.c b/arch/x86/mm/init.c
index c7a47603537f..155c95dc1772 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/init.c
@@ -102,6 +102,12 @@ static unsigned long min_pfn_mapped;
 
 static bool __initdata can_use_brk_pgt = true;
 
+/*
+ * Provide a run-time mean of disabling ZONE_DMA32 if it is enabled via
+ * CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32.
+ */
+static bool disable_dma32 __ro_after_init;
+
 /*
  * Pages returned are already directly mapped.
  *
@@ -996,7 +1002,7 @@ void __init zone_sizes_init(void)
 	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA]		= min(MAX_DMA_PFN, max_low_pfn);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
-	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32]	= min(MAX_DMA32_PFN, max_low_pfn);
+	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32]	= disable_dma32 ? 0 : min(MAX_DMA32_PFN, max_low_pfn);
 #endif
 	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL]	= max_low_pfn;
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
@@ -1006,6 +1012,18 @@ void __init zone_sizes_init(void)
 	free_area_init(max_zone_pfns);
 }
 
+static int __init early_disable_dma32(char *buf)
+{
+	if (!buf)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!strcmp(buf, "on"))
+		disable_dma32 = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("disable_dma32", early_disable_dma32);
+
 __visible DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct tlb_state, cpu_tlbstate) = {
 	.loaded_mm = &init_mm,
 	.next_asid = 1,
diff --git a/include/linux/dma-direct.h b/include/linux/dma-direct.h
index 18aade195884..ed69618cf1fc 100644
--- a/include/linux/dma-direct.h
+++ b/include/linux/dma-direct.h
@@ -24,6 +24,28 @@ struct bus_dma_region {
 	u64		offset;
 };
 
+static inline bool zone_dma32_is_empty(int node)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
+	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(node);
+
+	return zone_is_empty(&pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_DMA32]);
+#else
+	return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline bool zone_dma32_are_empty(void)
+{
+	int node;
+
+	for_each_node(node)
+		if (!zone_dma32_is_empty(node))
+			return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static inline dma_addr_t translate_phys_to_dma(struct device *dev,
 		phys_addr_t paddr)
 {
diff --git a/kernel/dma/direct.c b/kernel/dma/direct.c
index b6b106fb36bd..6f58cde1558b 100644
--- a/kernel/dma/direct.c
+++ b/kernel/dma/direct.c
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ static gfp_t dma_direct_optimal_gfp_mask(struct device *dev, u64 dma_mask,
 	*phys_limit = dma_to_phys(dev, dma_limit);
 	if (*phys_limit <= DMA_BIT_MASK(zone_dma_bits))
 		return GFP_DMA;
-	if (*phys_limit <= DMA_BIT_MASK(32))
+	if (*phys_limit <= DMA_BIT_MASK(32) &&
+		!zone_dma32_is_empty(dev_to_node(dev)))
 		return GFP_DMA32;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -101,7 +102,8 @@ again:
 
 		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) &&
 		    phys_limit < DMA_BIT_MASK(64) &&
-		    !(gfp & (GFP_DMA32 | GFP_DMA))) {
+		    !(gfp & (GFP_DMA32 | GFP_DMA)) &&
+		    !zone_dma32_is_empty(node)) {
 			gfp |= GFP_DMA32;
 			goto again;
 		}
diff --git a/kernel/dma/pool.c b/kernel/dma/pool.c
index d4637f72239b..cebfe3537218 100644
--- a/kernel/dma/pool.c
+++ b/kernel/dma/pool.c
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static bool cma_in_zone(gfp_t gfp)
 	end = cma_get_base(cma) + size - 1;
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA) && (gfp & GFP_DMA))
 		return end <= DMA_BIT_MASK(zone_dma_bits);
-	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) && (gfp & GFP_DMA32))
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) && (gfp & GFP_DMA32) && !zone_dma32_are_empty())
 		return end <= DMA_BIT_MASK(32);
 	return true;
 }
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ static void atomic_pool_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA))
 		atomic_pool_resize(atomic_pool_dma,
 				   GFP_KERNEL | GFP_DMA);
-	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32))
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) && !zone_dma32_are_empty())
 		atomic_pool_resize(atomic_pool_dma32,
 				   GFP_KERNEL | GFP_DMA32);
 	atomic_pool_resize(atomic_pool_kernel, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static int __init dma_atomic_pool_init(void)
 		if (!atomic_pool_dma)
 			ret = -ENOMEM;
 	}
-	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32)) {
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) && !zone_dma32_are_empty()) {
 		atomic_pool_dma32 = __dma_atomic_pool_init(atomic_pool_size,
 						GFP_KERNEL | GFP_DMA32);
 		if (!atomic_pool_dma32)
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ postcore_initcall(dma_atomic_pool_init);
 static inline struct gen_pool *dma_guess_pool(struct gen_pool *prev, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	if (prev == NULL) {
-		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) && (gfp & GFP_DMA32))
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32) && (gfp & GFP_DMA32) && !zone_dma32_are_empty())
 			return atomic_pool_dma32;
 		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA) && (gfp & GFP_DMA))
 			return atomic_pool_dma;