The recent fix to ensure atomicity of lookup and allocation inadvertently
broke the pool refill mechanism.
Prior to that change debug_objects_activate() and debug_objecs_assert_init()
invoked debug_objecs_init() to set up the tracking object for statically
initialized objects. That's not longer the case and debug_objecs_init() is
now the only place which does pool refills.
Depending on the number of statically initialized objects this can be
enough to actually deplete the pool, which was observed by Ido via a
debugobjects OOM warning.
Restore the old behaviour by adding explicit refill opportunities to
debug_objects_activate() and debug_objecs_assert_init().
Fixes: 63a759694e ("debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects")
Reported-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/871qk05a9d.ffs@tglx
Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init()
function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem
provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked
by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started
to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation.
This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on
that object. Schspa decoded the problem:
T0 T1
debug_object_assert_init(addr)
lock_hash_bucket()
obj = lookup_object(addr);
if (!obj) {
unlock_hash_bucket();
- > preemption
lock_subsytem_object(addr);
activate_object(addr)
lock_hash_bucket();
obj = lookup_object(addr);
if (!obj) {
unlock_hash_bucket();
if (is_static_object(addr))
init_and_track(addr);
lock_hash_bucket();
obj = lookup_object(addr);
obj->state = ACTIVATED;
unlock_hash_bucket();
subsys function modifies content of addr,
so static object detection does
not longer work.
unlock_subsytem_object(addr);
if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails
debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which
reinitializes the already active object in the worst case.
This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a
debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock
held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless
early exit points too.
Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the
tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket
lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on
the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state.
Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4a ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects")
Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- A ptrace API cleanup series from Sergey Shtylyov
- Fixes and cleanups for kexec from ye xingchen
- nilfs2 updates from Ryusuke Konishi
- squashfs feature work from Xiaoming Ni: permit configuration of the
filesystem's compression concurrency from the mount command line
- A series from Akinobu Mita which addresses bound checking errors when
writing to debugfs files
- A series from Yang Yingliang to address rapidio memory leaks
- A series from Zheng Yejian to address possible overflow errors in
encode_comp_t()
- And a whole shower of singleton patches all over the place
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-12-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (79 commits)
ipc: fix memory leak in init_mqueue_fs()
hfsplus: fix bug causing custom uid and gid being unable to be assigned with mount
rapidio: devices: fix missing put_device in mport_cdev_open
kcov: fix spelling typos in comments
hfs: Fix OOB Write in hfs_asc2mac
hfs: fix OOB Read in __hfs_brec_find
relay: fix type mismatch when allocating memory in relay_create_buf()
ocfs2: always read both high and low parts of dinode link count
io-mapping: move some code within the include guarded section
kernel: kcsan: kcsan_test: build without structleak plugin
mailmap: update email for Iskren Chernev
eventfd: change int to __u64 in eventfd_signal() ifndef CONFIG_EVENTFD
rapidio: fix possible UAF when kfifo_alloc() fails
relay: use strscpy() is more robust and safer
cpumask: limit visibility of FORCE_NR_CPUS
acct: fix potential integer overflow in encode_comp_t()
acct: fix accuracy loss for input value of encode_comp_t()
linux/init.h: include <linux/build_bug.h> and <linux/stringify.h>
rapidio: rio: fix possible name leak in rio_register_mport()
rapidio: fix possible name leaks when rio_add_device() fails
...
Delayed kobject debugging (CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE) prints the kobject
pointer that's being released in kobject_release() before scheduling a
randomly delayed work to do the actual release work.
If the caller of kobject_put() frees the kobject upon return then this will
typically emit a debugobject warning about freeing an active timer.
Usually the release function is the function that does the kfree() of the
struct containing the kobject.
For example the following print is seen
kobject: 'queue' (ffff888114236190): kobject_release, parent 0000000000000000 (delayed 1000)
------------[ cut here ]------------
ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object type: timer_list hint: kobject_delayed_cleanup+0x0/0x390
but the kobject printk cannot be matched with the debug object printk
because it could be any number of kobjects that was released around that
time. The random delay for the work doesn't help either.
Print the address of the object being tracked to help to figure out which
kobject is the problem here. Note that this does not use %px here to match
the other %p usage in debugobject debugging. Due to %p usage it is required
to disable pointer hashing to correlate the two pointer printks.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220519202201.2348343-1-swboyd@chromium.org
On PREEMPT_RT enabled kernels it is not possible to refill the object pool
from atomic context (preemption or interrupts disabled) as the allocator
might acquire 'sleeping' spinlocks.
Guard the invocation of fill_pool() accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87sfzehdnl.ffs@tglx
The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the
debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory.
Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into
read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack.
This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when
core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to
read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going
wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct
debug_obj_descr.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are
read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain
accesses, this would result in data races.
This is addressed as follows:
* reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with
WRITE_ONCE()s added);
* writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since
writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read
of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is
sufficient.
The data races were reported by KCSAN:
BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool
write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1:
__free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404
__debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969
debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994
slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline]
read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2:
fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135
__debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536
debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline]
debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677
debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline]
BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool
read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6:
fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135
__debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536
debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606
init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline]
write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3:
alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline]
__debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544
debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline]
debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677
debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline]
BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object
read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6:
free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426
debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824
destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline]
write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1:
free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313
process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264
worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410
Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output
of the debug objects stats file was:
pool_free :5101
pool_pcp_free :4181
pool_min_free :220
pool_used :104172
pool_max_used :171920
on_free_list :0
objs_allocated:39268280
objs_freed :39160031
More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then
freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a
lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It
may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim.
Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at
a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing.
With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats
file after similar actions became:
pool_free :5901
pool_pcp_free :3742
pool_min_free :1022
pool_used :104805
pool_max_used :168081
on_free_list :0
objs_allocated:5796864
objs_freed :5687182
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us>
Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them
and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool
may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number
of objects are being used.
To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and
freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This
will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be
taken and hence its contention level.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us>
Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object
allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of
many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the
performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring
the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen.
To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object
free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation
and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now
have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug
objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool
first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool
will be used.
The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the
percpu cache should be used.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us>
Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
The current value of the early boot static pool size, 1024 is not big
enough for systems with large number of CPUs with timer or/and workqueue
objects selected. As the results, systems have 60+ CPUs with both timer
and workqueue objects enabled could trigger "ODEBUG: Out of memory.
ODEBUG disabled".
Some debug objects are allocated during the early boot. Enabling some
options like timers or workqueue objects may increase the size required
significantly with large number of CPUs. For example,
CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_TIMERS:
No. CPUs x 2 (worker pool) objects:
start_kernel
workqueue_init_early
init_worker_pool
init_timer_key
debug_object_init
plus No. CPUs objects (CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS):
sched_init
hrtick_rq_init
hrtimer_init
CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_WORK:
No. CPUs objects:
vmalloc_init
__init_work
plus No. CPUs x 6 (workqueue) objects:
workqueue_init_early
alloc_workqueue
__alloc_workqueue_key
alloc_and_link_pwqs
init_pwq
Also, plus No. CPUs objects:
perf_event_init
__init_srcu_struct
init_srcu_struct_fields
init_srcu_struct_nodes
__init_work
However, none of the things are actually used or required before
debug_objects_mem_init() is invoked, so just move the call right before
vmalloc_init().
According to tglx, "the reason why the call is at this place in
start_kernel() is historical. It's because back in the days when
debugobjects were added the memory allocator was enabled way later than
today."
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181126102407.1836-1-cai@gmx.us
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us>
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While debugging an issue debugobject tracking warned about an annotation
issue of an object on stack. It turned out that the issue was due to the
object in concern being on a different stack which was due to another
issue.
Thomas suggested to print the pointers and the location of the stack for
the currently running task. This helped to figure out that the object was
on the wrong stack.
As this is general useful information for debugging similar issues, make
the error message more informative by printing the pointers.
[ tglx: Massaged changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: kernel-team@android.com
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: astrachan@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180723212531.202328-1-joel@joelfernandes.org
debug_objects_maxchecked is only updated in __debug_check_no_obj_freed(),
and only read in debug_objects_maxchecked, unfortunately both of these are
optional and depend on different Kconfig symbols.
When both CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_FREE and CONFIG_DEBUG_FS are disabled this
warning is emitted:
lib/debugobjects.c:56:14: error: 'debug_objects_maxchecked' defined but not used [-Werror=unused-variable]
Rather than trying to add more complex #ifdef protections, mark the
variable as __maybe_unused so it can be silently dropped when usused.
Fixes: bd9dcd0465 ("debugobjects: Export max loops counter")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313131857.158876-1-arnd@arndb.de
The removal of the batched object freeing has caused the debug_objects_freed
to become read-only, and the reading is inside an ifdef, so gcc warns that it
is completely unused without CONFIG_DEBUG_FS:
lib/debugobjects.c:71:14: error: 'debug_objects_freed' defined but not used [-Werror=unused-variable]
Assuming we are still interested in this number, this adds back code to
keep track of the freed objects.
Fixes: 636e1970fd ("debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object()")
Suggested-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180222155335.1647466-1-arnd@arndb.de
__debug_check_no_obj_freed() iterates over the to be freed memory region in
chunks and iterates over the corresponding hash bucket list for each
chunk. This can accumulate to hundred thousands of checked objects. In the
worst case this can trigger the soft lockup detector:
NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#15 stuck for 22s!
CPU: 15 PID: 110342 Comm: stress-ng-getde
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff8141177e>] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x13e/0x220
[<ffffffff811f8751>] __free_pages_ok+0x1f1/0x5c0
[<ffffffff811fa785>] __free_pages+0x25/0x40
[<ffffffff812638db>] __free_slab+0x19b/0x270
[<ffffffff812639e9>] discard_slab+0x39/0x50
[<ffffffff812679f7>] __slab_free+0x207/0x270
[<ffffffff81269966>] ___cache_free+0xa6/0xb0
[<ffffffff8126c267>] qlist_free_all+0x47/0x80
[<ffffffff8126c5a9>] quarantine_reduce+0x159/0x190
[<ffffffff8126b3bf>] kasan_kmalloc+0xaf/0xc0
[<ffffffff8126b8a2>] kasan_slab_alloc+0x12/0x20
[<ffffffff81265e8a>] kmem_cache_alloc+0xfa/0x360
[<ffffffff812abc8f>] ? getname_flags+0x4f/0x1f0
[<ffffffff812abc8f>] getname_flags+0x4f/0x1f0
[<ffffffff812abe42>] getname+0x12/0x20
[<ffffffff81298da9>] do_sys_open+0xf9/0x210
[<ffffffff81298ede>] SyS_open+0x1e/0x20
[<ffffffff817d6e01>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2
The code path might be called in either atomic or non-atomic context, but
in_atomic() can't tell if the current context is atomic or not on a
PREEMPT=n kernel, so cond_resched() can't be used to prevent the
softlockup.
Utilize the global free list to shorten the loop execution time.
[ tglx: Massaged changelog ]
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: longman@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-5-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list
iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list
when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on
the global free list immediately.
As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this
allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work().
Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be
reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation.
[ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ]
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: longman@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
