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<h1 id="recovery">Recovery<a class="headerlink" href="#recovery" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p><strong>Important: If you came here since you cannot get Armbian running on your board please keep in mind that in 95 percent of all cases it is either a faulty/fraud/counterfeit <a href="../User-Guide_Basic-Troubleshooting/">SD card or an insufficient power supply</a> that is causing these sorts of <em>does not work</em> issues!</strong></p>
<p>The following are presented in (more or less) increasing levels of despair. But keep heart! :) And proceed in order.</p>
<h2 id="u-boot-shell-access">U-Boot Shell Access<a class="headerlink" href="#u-boot-shell-access" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>If you broke the system you can try to get in this way. You have to get to u-boot command prompt, using either a serial adapter or monitor and usb keyboard.</p>
<ul>
<li>Note: USB support in u-boot is currently not enabled on all H3 boards.</li>
</ul>
<p>After switching power on or rebooting, when u-boot loads up, press some key on the keyboard (or send some key presses via terminal) to abort default boot sequence and get to the command prompt:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="go">U-Boot SPL 2015.07-dirty (Oct 01 2015 - 15:05:21)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="go">...</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="go">Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="go">sunxi#</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Enter the following commands, replacing root device path if necessary.</p>
<ul>
<li>Note: these are for booting with mainline kernel; check <code>boot.cmd</code> for your device for commands related to legacy kernel.</li>
</ul>
<p>For serial:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="go">sunxi# setenv bootargs init=/bin/bash root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait console=ttyS0,115200</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>For monitor:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="go">sunxi# setenv bootargs init=/bin/bash root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait console=tty1</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Then:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="go">sunxi# ext4load mmc 0 0x49000000 /boot/dtb/${fdtfile}</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="go">sunxi# ext4load mmc 0 0x46000000 /boot/zImage</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="go">sunxi# env set fdt_high ffffffff</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="go">sunxi# bootz 0x46000000 - 0x49000000</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>System should eventually boot to bash shell:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="gp">root@host:/#</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Now you can try to fix your broken system.</p>
<h2 id="replacing-boot">Replacing /boot<a class="headerlink" href="#replacing-boot" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>When something goes terribly wrong and you are not able to boot the system (and cannot gain access via u-boot as outlined above), this is the way to proceed. You will need some Debian based Linux machine where you can mount the failed SD card. With this procedure you will reinstall the kernel and hardware settings. In most cases this should be enough to unbrick the board.</p>
<p>It is recommended to issue a filesystem check before mounting. Replace <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> below with your device and partition(s), respectively (if not a flash based device, it may even be <code>/dev/sdXY</code>, etc).</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="go">/ # fsck /dev/mmcblkXpY -f</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Mount the SD card.</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="go">/ # cd /mnt</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="go">/mnt # mkdir sdcard</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="go">/mnt # mount /dev/mmcblkXpY /mnt/sdcard</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Make another temporary directory somewhere else (in our example <code>~/tmp/recovery</code>) and download the Linux root, kernel, firmware and dtb packages for your board and currently used OS.</p>
<ul>
<li>Note: This example is only for <strong>Nanopi Neo 2</strong> with <strong>Ubuntu Focal</strong>, <strong>current</strong> kernel (mainline) and <strong>Armbian 20.08.13</strong> firmware. Alter package names according to your device name, SOC-family, kernel and firmware version!</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-15">15</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="go">/mnt $ cd</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="go">~ $ mkdir -p tmp/recovery</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="go">~ $ cd tmp/recovery</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-4"><a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-7-5"><a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(Root file system)</span><span class="go">:</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-6"><a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="go">~/tmp/recovery $ wget https://apt.armbian.com/pool/main/l/linux-focal-root-current-nanopineo2/linux-focal-root-current-nanopineo2_20.08.13_arm64.deb</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-7"><a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-7-8"><a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(Kernel)</span><span class="go">:</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-9"><a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="go">~/tmp/recovery $ wget https://apt.armbian.com/pool/main/l/linux-5.8.16-sunxi64/linux-image-current-sunxi64_20.08.13_arm64.deb</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-10"><a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10"></a>
</span><span id="__span-7-11"><a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(Firmware)</span><span class="go">:</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-12"><a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="go">~/tmp/recovery $ wget https://apt.armbian.com/pool/main/a/armbian-firmware/armbian-firmware_20.08.13_all.deb</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-13"><a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13"></a>
</span><span id="__span-7-14"><a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(Device Tree Binary (DTB)</span><span class="go">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-15"><a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="go">~/tmp/recovery $ wget https://apt.armbian.com/pool/main/l/linux-5.8.16-sunxi64/linux-dtb-current-sunxi64_20.08.13_arm64.deb</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Extract all the Debian packages (<code>.deb</code> files) to the mounted sd card.</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="go">~/tmp/recovery # for f in *.deb; do dpkg -x $f /mnt/sdcard; done</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Navigate to <code>/mnt/sdcard/boot</code> and create symlinks:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-9-1"><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="go">~/tmp/recovery # cd /mnt/sdcard/boot</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-2"><a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # ln -s vmlinuz-5.8.16-sunxi64 zImage</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-3"><a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # ln -s uInitrd-5.8.16-sunxi64 uInitrd</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-4"><a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # ln -s dtb-5.8.16 dtb</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>If you upgrade from some very old build, you might need to update your boot script.</p>
<ul>
<li>Note: The following example is for Allwinner boards.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Note: You will need a <code>u-boot-tools</code> package on your host system.</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-10-1"><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/armbian/build/master/config/bootscripts/boot-sunxi.cmd</span>
</span><span id="__span-10-2"><a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # mv boot-sunxi.cmd boot.cmd</span>
</span><span id="__span-10-3"><a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d boot.cmd boot.scr</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Unmount SD card.</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-11-1"><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="go">/mnt/sdcard/boot # cd /</span>
</span><span id="__span-11-2"><a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="go">/ # umount /mnt/sdcard</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Move it to the board and power on. Check serial output for errors if problems persist.</p>
<h2 id="flashing-boot-loader">Flashing boot loader<a class="headerlink" href="#flashing-boot-loader" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Sometimes we need to flash boot loader from some other Linux. Attach an SD card reader with your SD card and proceed this way:</p>
<div class="language-console highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-7">7</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-12-1"><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="go">/mnt $ cd</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-2"><a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="go">~ $ mkdir -p tmp/recovery</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-3"><a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="go">~ $ cd tmp/recovery</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-4"><a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="go">~ $ wget https://imola.armbian.com/apt/pool/main/l/linux-u-boot-nanopineo2-current/linux-u-boot-current-nanopineo2_20.08.13_arm64.deb</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-5"><a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="go">~ $ dpkg-deb -x linux-u-boot-current-nanopineo2_20.08.13_arm64.deb pack</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-6"><a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="go">~ $ source pack/usr/lib/u-boot/platform_install.sh</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-7"><a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="go">~ $ write_uboot_platform pack/usr/lib/linux-u-boot-nanopineo2-current /dev/XXX # replace XXX with the actual device /dev/sdb</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Move it to the board and power on. Check serial output for errors if problems persist.</p>
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