The versatile PCI controller code was confused between the
PCI I/O window (at 0x43000000) and the first PCI memory
window (at 0x44000000). Pass the correct base address to
pci_remap_io() so that PCI I/O accesses work.
Since the first PCI memory window isn't used at all (it's
an odd size), rename the associated variables and labels
so that it's clear that it isn't related to the I/O window.
This has been tested and confirmed to fix PCI I/O accesses
both on physical PB926+PCI backplane hardware and on QEMU.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org>
The PCI controller code for the Versatile board has never had the
correct IRQ mapping for hardware. For many years it had an odd
mapping ("all interrupts are int 27") which aligned with the
equivalent bug in QEMU. However as of commit 1bc39ac5da
the mapping changed and no longer matched either hardware or QEMU,
with the result that any PCI card beyond the first in QEMU would
not have functioning interrupts; for example a boot with a SCSI
controller would time out as follows:
------------
sym0: <895a> rev 0x0 at pci 0000:00:0d.0 irq 92
sym0: SCSI BUS has been reset.
scsi0 : sym-2.2.3
[...]
scsi 0:0:0:0: ABORT operation started
scsi 0:0:0:0: ABORT operation timed-out.
scsi 0:0:0:0: DEVICE RESET operation started
scsi 0:0:0:0: DEVICE RESET operation timed-out.
scsi 0:0:0:0: BUS RESET operation started
scsi 0:0:0:0: BUS RESET operation timed-out.
scsi 0:0:0:0: HOST RESET operation started
sym0: SCSI BUS has been reset
------------
Fix the mapping so that it matches real hardware (checked against the
schematics for PB926 and backplane, and tested against the hardware).
This allows PCI cards using interrupts to work on hardware for the
first time; this change will also work with QEMU 1.5 or later, where
the equivalent bugs in the modelling of the hardware have been fixed.
Although QEMU will attempt to autodetect whether the kernel is
expecting the long-standing "everything is int 27" mapping or the one
hardware has, for certainty we force it into "definitely behave like
hardware mode"; this will avoid unexpected surprises later if we
implement sparse irqs. This is harmless on hardware.
Thanks to Paul Gortmaker for bisecting the problem and finding an initial
solution, to Russell King for providing the correct interrupt mapping,
and to Guenter Roeck for providing an initial version of this patch
and prodding me into relocating the hardware and retesting everything.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org>
Now that the PL01X debug include can mostly stand alone without
requiring platforms to provide any macros, move it into the debug
directory so it can be directly included. This allows us to get rid of
a lot of debug-macros include files.
The autodetect case for Versatile Express and the ux500 are left alone;
these are more complicated implementations.
Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Acked-by: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Move the definition of the UART register addresses out of the platform
specific header files into the Kconfig files.
Acked-by: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Preparing to move the parsing of reboot= to generic kernel code forces
the change in reboot_mode handling to use the enum.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix arch/arm/mach-socfpga/socfpga.c]
Signed-off-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull ARM SoC cleanups from Arnd Bergmann:
"A large number of cleanups, all over the platforms. This is dominated
largely by the Samsung platforms (s3c, s5p, exynos) and a few of the
others moving code out of arch/arm into more appropriate subsystems.
The clocksource and irqchip drivers are now abstracted to the point
where platforms that are already cleaned up do not need to even
specify the driver they use, it can all get configured from the device
tree as we do for normal device drivers. The clocksource changes
basically touch every single platform in the process.
We further clean up the use of platform specific header files here,
with the goal of turning more of the platforms over to being
"multiplatform" enabled, which implies that they cannot expose their
headers to architecture independent code any more.
It is expected that no functional changes are part of the cleanup.
The overall reduction in total code lines is mostly the result of
removing broken and obsolete code."
* tag 'cleanup' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (133 commits)
ARM: mvebu: correct gated clock documentation
ARM: kirkwood: add missing include for nsa310
ARM: exynos: move exynos4210-combiner to drivers/irqchip
mfd: db8500-prcmu: update resource passing
drivers/db8500-cpufreq: delete dangling include
ARM: at91: remove NEOCORE 926 board
sunxi: Cleanup the reset code and add meaningful registers defines
ARM: S3C24XX: header mach/regs-mem.h local
ARM: S3C24XX: header mach/regs-power.h local
ARM: S3C24XX: header mach/regs-s3c2412-mem.h local
ARM: S3C24XX: Remove plat-s3c24xx directory in arch/arm/
ARM: S3C24XX: transform s3c2443 subirqs into new structure
ARM: S3C24XX: modify s3c2443 irq init to initialize all irqs
ARM: S3C24XX: move s3c2443 irq code to irq.c
ARM: S3C24XX: transform s3c2416 irqs into new structure
ARM: S3C24XX: modify s3c2416 irq init to initialize all irqs
ARM: S3C24XX: move s3c2416 irq init to common irq code
ARM: S3C24XX: Modify s3c_irq_wake to use the hwirq property
ARM: S3C24XX: Move irq syscore-ops to irq-pm
clocksource: always define CLOCKSOURCE_OF_DECLARE
...
Pull non-critical ARM SoC bug fixes from Arnd Bergmann:
"Bug fixes that did not make it into v3.8, mostly because they were not
considered important enough, and in some cases because bugs only show
up in combination with other patches destined for 3.9. This includes
a few larger patches for GPIO on the Marvell PXA platform and a lot of
Samsung specific bug fixes, as well as a series from Arnd to fix older
build warnings."
* tag 'fixes-non-critical' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (54 commits)
ARM: SPEAr13xx: Enable CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CPUFREQ
ARM: imx: MACH_MX31ADS_WM1133_EV1 needs REGULATOR_WM8350
scripts/sortextable: silence script output
ARM: s3c: i2c: add platform_device forward declaration
ARM: mvebu: allow selecting mvebu without Armada XP
ARM: pick Versatile by default for !MMU
ARM: integrator: fix build with INTEGRATOR_AP off
ARM: integrator/versatile: fix NOMMU warnings
ARM: sa1100: don't warn about mach/ide.h
ARM: shmobile: fix defconfig warning on CONFIG_USB
ARM: w90x900: fix legacy assembly syntax
ARM: samsung: fix assembly syntax for new gas
ARM: disable virt_to_bus/virt_to_bus almost everywhere
ARM: dts: Correct pin configuration of SD 4 for exynos4x12-pinctrl
ARM: SAMSUNG: Silence empty switch warning in fimc-core.h
ARM: SAMSUNG: Silence empty switch warning in sdhci.h
ARM: msm: proc_comm_boot_wait should not be __init
arm: vt8500: Update MAINTAINERS entry for arch-vt8500
ARM: integrator: ensure ap_syscon_base is initialised when !CONFIG_MMU
ARM: S5PV210: Fix early uart output in fifo mode
...
The introduction of ARCH_MULTIPLATFORM changed
the default for nommu kernels from Versatile to
Integrator, which is less common, and does not
currently build for allnoconfig because that does
not select any of the CPUs.
This also ensures that at least one of the three
board files in versatile are enabled, which lets
us successfully build an allnoconfig kernel.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
On NOMMU kernels, the io_desc variables are unused
because we don't use the MMU to remap the MMIO
areas.
Marking these variables as __maybe_unused easily
avoids the otherwise harmless warnings like
warning: 'versatile_io_desc' defined but not used
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
The PCI IRQs were regressing due to two things:
- The PCI glue layer was using an hard-coded IRQ 27 offset.
This caused the immediate regression.
- The SIC IRQ mask was inverted (i.e. a bit was indeed set to
one for each valid IRQ on the SIC, but accidentally inverted
in the init call). This has been around forever, but we have
been saved by some other forgiving code that would reserve
IRQ descriptors in this range, as the versatile is
non-sparse.
When the IRQs were bumped up 32 steps so as to avoid using IRQ
zero and avoid touching the 16 legacy IRQs, things broke.
Introduce an explicit valid mask for the IRQs that are active
on the PIC/SIC, and pass that. Use the BIT() macro from
<linux/bitops.h> to make sure we hit the right bits, readily
defined in <mach/platform.h>.
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
From Shawn Guo:
The series cleans up ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG and arch_decomp_wdog which
are unused on ARM architecure. Samsung has some code setting up wdog
in arch_decomp_wdog(). But since CONFIG_S3C_BOOT_WATCHDOG is defined
nowhere, it will not run. Otherwise, system can not boot at all when
wdog is set up but no one pats it.
* tag 'cleanup-decompwdog-3.9' of git://git.linaro.org/people/shawnguo/linux-2.6:
ARM: samsung: remove unused arch_decomp_wdog() code
ARM: remove unused arch_decomp_wdog()
ARM: decompress: remove unused ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
From Rob Herring:
Initial irqchip init infrastructure and GIC and VIC clean-ups
This creates irqchip initialization infrastructure from Thomas
Petazzoni. The VIC and GIC irqchip code is moved to drivers/irqchips
and adapted to use the new infrastructure. All DT enabled platforms
using GIC and VIC are converted over to use the new irqchip_init.
* tag 'gic-vic-to-irqchip' of git://sources.calxeda.com/kernel/linux:
irqchip: Move ARM vic.h to include/linux/irqchip/arm-vic.h
ARM: picoxcell: use common irqchip_init function
ARM: spear: use common irqchip_init function
irqchip: Move ARM VIC to drivers/irqchip
ARM: samsung: remove unused tick.h
ARM: remove unneeded vic.h includes
ARM: remove mach .handle_irq for VIC users
ARM: VIC: set handle_arch_irq in VIC initialization
ARM: VIC: shrink down vic.h
irqchip: Move ARM gic.h to include/linux/irqchip/arm-gic.h
ARM: use common irqchip_init for GIC init
irqchip: Move ARM GIC to drivers/irqchip
ARM: remove mach .handle_irq for GIC users
ARM: GIC: set handle_arch_irq in GIC initialization
ARM: GIC: remove direct use of gic_raise_softirq
ARM: GIC: remove assembly ifdefs from gic.h
ARM: mach-ux500: use SGI0 to wake up the other core
arm: add set_handle_irq() to register the parent IRQ controller handler function
irqchip: add basic infrastructure
irqchip: add to the directories part of the IRQ subsystem in MAINTAINERS
Fixed up massive merge conflicts with the timer cleanup due to adjacent changes:
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Conflicts:
arch/arm/mach-bcm/board_bcm.c
arch/arm/mach-cns3xxx/cns3420vb.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/adssphere.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/edb93xx.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/gesbc9312.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/micro9.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/simone.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/snappercl15.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/ts72xx.c
arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/vision_ep9307.c
arch/arm/mach-highbank/highbank.c
arch/arm/mach-imx/mach-imx6q.c
arch/arm/mach-msm/board-dt-8960.c
arch/arm/mach-netx/nxdb500.c
arch/arm/mach-netx/nxdkn.c
arch/arm/mach-netx/nxeb500hmi.c
arch/arm/mach-nomadik/board-nhk8815.c
arch/arm/mach-picoxcell/common.c
arch/arm/mach-realview/realview_eb.c
arch/arm/mach-realview/realview_pb1176.c
arch/arm/mach-realview/realview_pb11mp.c
arch/arm/mach-realview/realview_pba8.c
arch/arm/mach-realview/realview_pbx.c
arch/arm/mach-socfpga/socfpga.c
arch/arm/mach-spear13xx/spear1310.c
arch/arm/mach-spear13xx/spear1340.c
arch/arm/mach-spear13xx/spear13xx.c
arch/arm/mach-spear3xx/spear300.c
arch/arm/mach-spear3xx/spear310.c
arch/arm/mach-spear3xx/spear320.c
arch/arm/mach-spear3xx/spear3xx.c
arch/arm/mach-spear6xx/spear6xx.c
arch/arm/mach-tegra/board-dt-tegra20.c
arch/arm/mach-tegra/board-dt-tegra30.c
arch/arm/mach-u300/core.c
arch/arm/mach-ux500/board-mop500.c
arch/arm/mach-ux500/cpu-db8500.c
arch/arm/mach-versatile/versatile_ab.c
arch/arm/mach-versatile/versatile_dt.c
arch/arm/mach-versatile/versatile_pb.c
arch/arm/mach-vexpress/v2m.c
include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
Clockevent cleanup series from Shawn Guo.
Resolved move/change conflict in mach-pxa/time.c due to the sys_timer
cleanup.
* clocksource/cleanup:
clocksource: use clockevents_config_and_register() where possible
ARM: use clockevents_config_and_register() where possible
clockevents: export clockevents_config_and_register for module use
+ sync to Linux 3.8-rc3
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Conflicts:
arch/arm/mach-pxa/time.c
With ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG removed from arch/arm/boot/compressed/decompress.c,
all the arch_decomp_wdog() definition at platform level is unneeded.
Remmove it.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
The Versatile starts to register Linux IRQ numbers from offset 0
which is illegal, since this is NO_IRQ. Bump all hard-coded IRQs
by 32 to get rid of the problem.
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Now that the only field in struct sys_timer is .init, delete the struct,
and replace the machine descriptor .timer field with the initialization
function itself.
This will enable moving timer drivers into drivers/clocksource without
having to place a public prototype of each struct sys_timer object into
include/linux; the intent is to create a single of_clocksource_init()
function that determines which timer driver to initialize by scanning
the device dtree, much like the proposed irqchip_init() at:
http://www.spinics.net/lists/arm-kernel/msg203686.html
Includes mach-omap2 fixes from Igor Grinberg.
Tested-by: Robert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
This moves the Versatile FPGA interrupt controller driver, used in
the Integrator/AP, Integrator/CP and some Versatile boards, out
of arch/arm/plat-versatile and down to drivers/irqchip where we
have consensus that such drivers belong. The header file is
consequently moved to <linux/platform_data/irq-versatile-fpga.h>.
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
As suggested by Andrew Morton:
This is a pet peeve of mine. Any time there's a long list of items
(header file inclusions, kconfig entries, array initalisers, etc) and
someone wants to add a new item, they *always* go and stick it at the
end of the list.
Guys, don't do this. Either put the new item into a randomly-chosen
position or, probably better, alphanumerically sort the list.
lets sort all our select statements alphanumerically. This commit was
created by the following perl:
while (<>) {
while (/\\\s*$/) {
$_ .= <>;
}
undef %selects if /^\s*config\s+/;
if (/^\s+select\s+(\w+).*/) {
if (defined($selects{$1})) {
if ($selects{$1} eq $_) {
print STDERR "Warning: removing duplicated $1 entry\n";
} else {
print STDERR "Error: $1 differently selected\n".
"\tOld: $selects{$1}\n".
"\tNew: $_\n";
exit 1;
}
}
$selects{$1} = $_;
next;
}
if (%selects and (/^\s*$/ or /^\s+help/ or /^\s+---help---/ or
/^endif/ or /^endchoice/)) {
foreach $k (sort (keys %selects)) {
print "$selects{$k}";
}
undef %selects;
}
print;
}
if (%selects) {
foreach $k (sort (keys %selects)) {
print "$selects{$k}";
}
}
It found two duplicates:
Warning: removing duplicated S5P_SETUP_MIPIPHY entry
Warning: removing duplicated HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND entry
and they are identical duplicates, hence the shrinkage in the diffstat
of two lines.
We have four testers reporting success of this change (Tony, Stephen,
Linus and Sekhar.)
Acked-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Sekhar Nori <nsekhar@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Pull ARM soc multiplatform enablement from Olof Johansson:
"This is a pretty significant branch. It's the introduction of the
first multiplatform support on ARM, and with this (and the later
branch) merged, it is now possible to build one kernel that contains
support for highbank, vexpress, mvebu, socfpga, and picoxcell. More
platforms will be convered over in the next few releases.
Two critical last things had to be done for this to be practical and
possible:
* Today each platform has its own include directory under
mach-<mach>/include/mach/*, and traditionally that is where a lot
of driver/platform shared definitions have gone, such as platform
data structures. They now need to move out to a common location
instead, and this branch moves a large number of those out to
include/linux/platform_data.
* Each platform used to list the device trees to compile for its
boards in mach-<mach>/Makefile.boot.
Both of the above changes will mean that there are some merge
conflicts to come (and some to resolve here). It's a one-time move
and once it settles in, we should be good for quite a while. Sorry
for the overhead."
Fix conflicts as per Olof.
* tag 'multiplatform' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (51 commits)
ARM: add v7 multi-platform defconfig
ARM: msm: Move core.h contents into common.h
ARM: highbank: call highbank_pm_init from .init_machine
ARM: dtb: move all dtb targets to common Makefile
ARM: spear: move platform_data definitions
ARM: samsung: move platform_data definitions
ARM: orion: move platform_data definitions
ARM: vexpress: convert to multi-platform
ARM: initial multiplatform support
ARM: mvebu: move armada-370-xp.h in mach dir
ARM: vexpress: remove dependency on mach/* headers
ARM: picoxcell: remove dependency on mach/* headers
ARM: move all dtb targets out of Makefile.boot
ARM: picoxcell: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: socfpga: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: mvebu: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: vexpress: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: highbank: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: move debug macros to common location
ARM: make mach/gpio.h headers optional
...
Pull ARM soc driver specific changes from Olof Johansson:
- A long-coming conversion of various platforms to a common LED
infrastructure
- AT91 is moved over to use the newer MCI driver for MMC
- Pincontrol conversions for samsung platforms
- DT bindings for gscaler on samsung
- i2c driver fixes for tegra, acked by i2c maintainer
Fix up conflicts as per Olof.
* tag 'drivers' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (48 commits)
drivers: bus: omap_l3: use resources instead of hardcoded irqs
pinctrl: exynos: Fix wakeup IRQ domain registration check
pinctrl: samsung: Uninline samsung_pinctrl_get_soc_data
pinctrl: exynos: Correct the detection of wakeup-eint node
pinctrl: exynos: Mark exynos_irq_demux_eint as inline
pinctrl: exynos: Handle only unmasked wakeup interrupts
pinctrl: exynos: Fix typos in gpio/wkup _irq_mask
pinctrl: exynos: Set pin function to EINT in irq_set_type of GPIO EINTa
drivers: bus: Move the OMAP interconnect driver to drivers/bus/
i2c: tegra: dynamically control fast clk
i2c: tegra: I2_M_NOSTART functionality not supported in Tegra20
ARM: tegra: clock: remove unused clock entry for i2c
ARM: tegra: clock: add connection name in i2c clock entry
i2c: tegra: pass proper name for getting clock
ARM: tegra: clock: add i2c fast clock entry in clock table
ARM: EXYNOS: Adds G-Scaler device from Device Tree
ARM: EXYNOS: Add clock support for G-Scaler
ARM: EXYNOS: Enable pinctrl driver support for EXYNOS4 device tree enabled platform
ARM: dts: Add pinctrl node entries for SAMSUNG EXYNOS4210 SoC
ARM: EXYNOS: skip wakeup interrupt setup if pinctrl driver is used
...
Enable initial ARM multi-platform support for highbank, mvebu,
socfpga, picoxcell, and vexpress.
Multi-platform support is dependent on mach/gpio.h removal and
restructuring of DEBUG_LL and dtb build rules included in this branch.
This has been built for all defconfigs, and booted on highbank with
all 5 platforms enabled.
By Rob Herring (18) and Arnd Bergmann (1)
via Rob Herring
* tag 'multi-platform-for-3.7' of git://sources.calxeda.com/kernel/linux:
ARM: vexpress: convert to multi-platform
ARM: initial multiplatform support
ARM: mvebu: move armada-370-xp.h in mach dir
ARM: vexpress: remove dependency on mach/* headers
ARM: picoxcell: remove dependency on mach/* headers
ARM: move all dtb targets out of Makefile.boot
ARM: picoxcell: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: socfpga: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: mvebu: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: vexpress: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: highbank: move debug macros to include/debug
ARM: move debug macros to common location
ARM: make mach/gpio.h headers optional
ARM: orion: move custom gpio functions to orion-gpio.h
ARM: shmobile: move custom gpio functions to sh-gpio.h
ARM: pxa: use gpio_to_irq for sharppm_sl
net: pxaficp_ir: add irq resources
usb: pxa27x_udc: remove IRQ_USB define
staging: ste_rmi4: remove gpio.h include
Conflicts due to addition of bcm2835 and removal of pnx4008 in:
arch/arm/Kconfig
arch/arm/Makefile
Conflicts due to new dtb targets, moved to arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile in:
arch/arm/mach-imx/Makefile.boot
arch/arm/mach-mxs/Makefile.boot
arch/arm/mach-tegra/Makefile.boot
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Peter Maydell
Russell King
Robin Holt
Rob Herring
Linus Torvalds
Arnd Bergmann
Linus Walleij
Olof Johansson
Shawn Guo
Stephen Warren