The memory hotplug case involves calling to build_all_zonelists() which
in turns calls in to setup_zone_pageset(). The latter is marked
__meminit while build_all_zonelists() itself has no particular
annotation. build_all_zonelists() is only handed a non-NULL pointer in
the case of memory hotplug through an existing __meminit path, so the
setup_zone_pageset() reference is always safe.
The options as such are either to flag build_all_zonelists() as __ref (as
per __build_all_zonelists()), or to simply discard the __meminit
annotation from setup_zone_pageset().
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit ddd588b5dd ("oom: suppress nodes that are not allowed from
meminfo on oom kill") moved lib/show_mem.o out of lib/lib.a, which
resulted in build warnings on all architectures that implement their own
versions of show_mem():
lib/lib.a(show_mem.o): In function `show_mem':
show_mem.c:(.text+0x1f4): multiple definition of `show_mem'
arch/sparc/mm/built-in.o:(.text+0xd70): first defined here
The fix is to remove __show_mem() and add its argument to show_mem() in
all implementations to prevent this breakage.
Architectures that implement their own show_mem() actually don't do
anything with the argument yet, but they could be made to filter nodes
that aren't allowed in the current context in the future just like the
generic implementation.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Reported-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add checks at allocating or freeing a page whether the page is used (iow,
charged) from the view point of memcg.
This check may be useful in debugging a problem and we did similar checks
before the commit 52d4b9ac(memcg: allocate all page_cgroup at boot).
This patch adds some overheads at allocating or freeing memory, so it's
enabled only when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a new __GFP_OTHER_NODE flag to tell the low level numa statistics in
zone_statistics() that an allocation is on behalf of another thread. This
way the local and remote counters can be still correct, even when
background daemons like khugepaged are changing memory mappings.
This only affects the accounting, but I think it's worth doing that right
to avoid confusing users.
I first tried to just pass down the right node, but this required a lot of
changes to pass down this parameter and at least one addition of a 10th
argument to a 9 argument function. Using the flag is a lot less
intrusive.
Open: should be also used for migration?
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations are usually very expensive and not mandatory
to succeed as they have graceful fallback. Waiting for I/O in those,
tends to be overkill in terms of latencies, so we can reduce their latency
by disabling sync migrate.
Unfortunately, even with async migration it's still possible for the
process to be blocked waiting for a request slot (e.g. get_request_wait
in the block layer) when ->writepage is called. To prevent
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD blocking, this patch prevents ->writepage being called on
dirty page cache for asynchronous migration.
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=31142
[mel@csn.ul.ie: Avoid writebacks for NFS, retry locked pages, use bool]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Arthur Marsh <arthur.marsh@internode.on.net>
Cc: Clemens Ladisch <cladisch@googlemail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Alex Villacis Lasso <avillaci@ceibo.fiec.espol.edu.ec>
Tested-by: Alex Villacis Lasso <avillaci@ceibo.fiec.espol.edu.ec>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
free_pcppages_bulk() frees pages from pcp lists in a round-robin fashion
by keeping batch_free counter. But it doesn't need to spin if there is
only one non-empty list. This can be checked by batch_free ==
MIGRATE_PCPTYPES.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Displaying extremely verbose meminfo for all nodes on the system is
overkill for page allocation failures when the context restricts that
allocation to only a subset of nodes. We don't particularly care about
the state of all nodes when some are not allowed in the current context,
they can have an abundance of memory but we can't allocate from that part
of memory.
This patch suppresses disallowed nodes from the meminfo dump on a page
allocation failure if the context requires it.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a page allocation failure occurs, show_mem() is called to dump the
state of the VM so users may understand what happened to get into that
condition.
This output, however, can be extremely verbose. In irq context, it may
result in significant delays that incur NMI watchdog timeouts when the
machine is large (we use CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT > 8 here to define a "large"
machine since the length of the show_mem() output is proportional to the
number of possible nodes).
This patch suppresses the show_mem() call in irq context when the kernel
has CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT > 8.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oom killer is extremely verbose for machines with a large number of
cpus and/or nodes. This verbosity can often be harmful if it causes other
important messages to be scrolled from the kernel log and incurs a
signicant time delay, specifically for kernels with CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT >
8.
This patch causes only memory information to be displayed for nodes that
are allowed by current's cpuset when dumping the VM state. Information
for all other nodes is irrelevant to the oom condition; we don't care if
there's an abundance of memory elsewhere if we can't access it.
This only affects the behavior of dumping memory information when an oom
is triggered. Other dumps, such as for sysrq+m, still display the
unfiltered form when using the existing show_mem() interface.
Additionally, the per-cpu pageset statistics are extremely verbose in oom
killer output, so it is now suppressed. This removes
nodes_weight(current->mems_allowed) * (1 + nr_cpus)
lines from the oom killer output.
Callers may use __show_mem(SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES) to filter disallowed
nodes.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the _mapcount value indicating PageBuddy from -2 to -128 for
more robusteness against page_mapcount() undeflows.
Use reset_page_mapcount instead of __ClearPageBuddy in bad_page to
ignore the previous retval of PageBuddy().
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Heiko found recent memblock change triggers these warnings on s390:
mm/page_alloc.c:3623:22: warning: 'last_active_region_index_in_nid' defined but not used
mm/page_alloc.c:3638:22: warning: 'previous_active_region_index_in_nid' defined but not used
Need to move those two function under HAVE_MEMBLOCK with its only
user, find_memory_core_early().
-tj: Minor updates to description.
Reported-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Now that bootmem.c and nobootmem.c are separate, there's no reason to
define __alloc_memory_core_early(), which is used only by nobootmem,
inside #ifdef in page_alloc.c. Move it to nobootmem.c and make it
static.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change.
-tj: Updated commit description.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Now that bootmem.c and nobootmem.c are separate, it's cleaner to
define contig_page_data in each file than in page_alloc.c with #ifdef.
Move it.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change.
-v2: According to Andrew, fixed the struct layout.
-tj: Updated commit description.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Conflicts:
arch/x86/mm/numa_64.c
Merge reason: fix the conflict, update to latest -rc and pick up this
dependent fix from Yinghai:
e6d2e2b2b1: memblock: don't adjust size in memblock_find_base()
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Commit 0e093d9976 ("writeback: do not sleep on the congestion queue if
there are no congested BDIs or if significant congestion is not being
encountered in the current zone") uncovered a livelock in the page
allocator that resulted in tasks infinitely looping trying to find
memory and kswapd running at 100% cpu.
The issue occurs because drain_all_pages() is called immediately
following direct reclaim when no memory is freed and try_to_free_pages()
returns non-zero because all zones in the zonelist do not have their
all_unreclaimable flag set.
When draining the per-cpu pagesets back to the buddy allocator for each
zone, the zone->pages_scanned counter is cleared to avoid erroneously
setting zone->all_unreclaimable later. The problem is that no pages may
actually be drained and, thus, the unreclaimable logic never fails
direct reclaim so the oom killer may be invoked.
This apparently only manifested after wait_iff_congested() was
introduced and the zone was full of anonymous memory that would not
congest the backing store. The page allocator would infinitely loop if
there were no other tasks waiting to be scheduled and clear
zone->pages_scanned because of drain_all_pages() as the result of this
change before kswapd could scan enough pages to trigger the reclaim
logic. Additionally, with every loop of the page allocator and in the
reclaim path, kswapd would be kicked and would end up running at 100%
cpu. In this scenario, current and kswapd are all running continuously
with kswapd incrementing zone->pages_scanned and current clearing it.
The problem is even more pronounced when current swaps some of its
memory to swap cache and the reclaimable logic then considers all active
anonymous memory in the all_unreclaimable logic, which requires a much
higher zone->pages_scanned value for try_to_free_pages() to return zero
that is never attainable in this scenario.
Before wait_iff_congested(), the page allocator would incur an
unconditional timeout and allow kswapd to elevate zone->pages_scanned to
a level that the oom killer would be called the next time it loops.
The fix is to only attempt to drain pcp pages if there is actually a
quantity to be drained. The unconditional clearing of
zone->pages_scanned in free_pcppages_bulk() need not be changed since
other callers already ensure that draining will occur. This patch
ensures that free_pcppages_bulk() will actually free memory before
calling into it from drain_all_pages() so zone->pages_scanned is only
cleared if appropriate.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Before 0e093d9976 ("writeback: do not sleep on the congestion queue if
there are no congested BDIs or if significant congestion is not being
encountered in the current zone"), preferred_zone was only used for NUMA
statistics, to determine the zoneidx from which to allocate from given
the type requested, and whether to utilize memory compaction.
wait_iff_congested(), though, uses preferred_zone to determine if the
congestion wait should be deferred because its dirty pages are backed by
a congested bdi. This incorrectly defers the timeout and busy loops in
the page allocator with various cond_resched() calls if preferred_zone
is not allowed in the current context, usually consuming 100% of a cpu.
This patch ensures preferred_zone is an allowed zone in the fastpath
depending on whether current is constrained by its cpuset or nodes in
its mempolicy (when the nodemask passed is non-NULL). This is correct
since the fastpath allocation always passes ALLOC_CPUSET when trying to
allocate memory. In the slowpath, this patch resets preferred_zone to
the first zone of the allowed type when the allocation is not
constrained by current's cpuset, i.e. it does not pass ALLOC_CPUSET.
This patch also ensures preferred_zone is from the set of allowed nodes
when called from within direct reclaim since allocations are always
constrained by cpusets in this context (it is blockable).
Both of these uses of cpuset_current_mems_allowed are protected by
get_mems_allowed().
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The previous approach of calucation of combined index was
page_idx & ~(1 << order))
but we have same result with
page_idx & buddy_idx
This reduces instructions slightly as well as enhances readability.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix used-unintialised warning]
Signed-off-by: KyongHo Cho <pullip.cho@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
PG_buddy can be converted to _mapcount == -2. So the PG_compound_lock can
be added to page->flags without overflowing (because of the sparse section
bits increasing) with CONFIG_X86_PAE=y and CONFIG_X86_PAT=y. This also
has to move the memory hotplug code from _mapcount to lru.next to avoid
any risk of clashes. We can't use lru.next for PG_buddy removal, but
memory hotplug can use lru.next even more easily than the mapcount
instead.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yinghai Lu
Paul Mundt
Lucas De Marchi
David Rientjes
Daisuke Nishimura
Kirill A. Shutemov
Andi Kleen
Andrea Arcangeli
Namhyung Kim
Ingo Molnar
Andrew Morton
KyongHo Cho