We hit the BUG_ON() in mm/rmap.c:vma_address() when trying to migrate via
mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE) a non-anon region that spans multiple vmas. For
anon-regions, we just fail to migrate any pages beyond the 1st vma in the
range.
This occurs because do_mbind() collects a list of pages to migrate by
calling check_range(). check_range() walks the task's mm, spanning vmas as
necessary, to collect the migratable pages into a list. Then, do_mbind()
calls migrate_pages() passing the list of pages, a function to allocate new
pages based on vma policy [new_vma_page()], and a pointer to the first vma
of the range.
For each page in the list, new_vma_page() calls page_address_in_vma()
passing the page and the vma [first in range] to obtain the address to get
for alloc_page_vma(). The page address is needed to get interleaving
policy correct. If the pages in the list come from multiple vmas,
eventually, new_page_address() will pass that page to page_address_in_vma()
with the incorrect vma. For !PageAnon pages, this will result in a bug
check in rmap.c:vma_address(). For anon pages, vma_address() will just
return EFAULT and fail the migration.
This patch modifies new_vma_page() to check the return value from
page_address_in_vma(). If the return value is EFAULT, new_vma_page()
searchs forward via vm_next for the vma that maps the page--i.e., that does
not return EFAULT. This assumes that the pages in the list handed to
migrate_pages() is in address order. This is currently case. The patch
documents this assumption in a new comment block for new_vma_page().
If new_vma_page() cannot locate the vma mapping the page in a forward
search in the mm, it will pass a NULL vma to alloc_page_vma(). This will
result in the allocation using the task policy, if any, else system default
policy. This situation is unlikely, but the patch documents this behavior
with a comment.
Note, this patch results in restarting from the first vma in a multi-vma
range each time new_vma_page() is called. If this is not acceptable, we
can make the vma argument a pointer, both in new_vma_page() and it's caller
unmap_and_move() so that the value held by the loop in migrate_pages()
always passes down the last vma in which a page was found. This will
require changes to all new_page_t functions passed to migrate_pages(). Is
this necessary?
For this patch to work, we can't bug check in vma_address() for pages
outside the argument vma. This patch removes the BUG_ON(). All other
callers [besides new_vma_page()] already check the return status.
Tested on x86_64, 4 node NUMA platform.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The find_task_by_something is a set of macros are used to find task by pid
depending on what kind of pid is proposed - global or virtual one. All of
them are wrappers above the most generic one - find_task_by_pid_type_ns() -
and just substitute some args for it.
It turned out, that dereferencing the current->nsproxy->pid_ns construction
and pushing one more argument on the stack inline cause kernel text size to
grow.
This patch moves all this stuff out-of-line into kernel/pid.c. Together
with the next patch it saves a bit less than 400 bytes from the .text
section.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the largest patch in the set. Make all (I hope) the places where
the pid is shown to or get from user operate on the virtual pids.
The idea is:
- all in-kernel data structures must store either struct pid itself
or the pid's global nr, obtained with pid_nr() call;
- when seeking the task from kernel code with the stored id one
should use find_task_by_pid() call that works with global pids;
- when showing pid's numerical value to the user the virtual one
should be used, but however when one shows task's pid outside this
task's namespace the global one is to be used;
- when getting the pid from userspace one need to consider this as
the virtual one and use appropriate task/pid-searching functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: yet nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded casts]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch contains the following cleanups:
- every file should include the headers containing the prototypes for
its global functions
- make the follosing needlessly global functions static:
- migrate_to_node()
- do_mbind()
- sp_alloc()
- mpol_rebind_policy()
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix uninitialised var warning]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Here's a cut at fixing up uses of the online node map in generic code.
mm/shmem.c:shmem_parse_mpol()
Ensure nodelist is subset of nodes with memory.
Use node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY] as default for missing
nodelist for interleave policy.
mm/shmem.c:shmem_fill_super()
initialize policy_nodes to node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]
mm/page-writeback.c:highmem_dirtyable_memory()
sum over nodes with memory
mm/page_alloc.c:zlc_setup()
allowednodes - use nodes with memory.
mm/page_alloc.c:default_zonelist_order()
average over nodes with memory.
mm/page_alloc.c:find_next_best_node()
skip nodes w/o memory.
N_HIGH_MEMORY state mask may not be initialized at this time,
unless we want to depend on early_calculate_totalpages() [see
below]. Will ZONE_MOVABLE ever be configurable?
mm/page_alloc.c:find_zone_movable_pfns_for_nodes()
spread kernelcore over nodes with memory.
This required calling early_calculate_totalpages()
unconditionally, and populating N_HIGH_MEMORY node
state therein from nodes in the early_node_map[].
If we can depend on this, we can eliminate the
population of N_HIGH_MEMORY mask from __build_all_zonelists()
and use the N_HIGH_MEMORY mask in find_next_best_node().
mm/mempolicy.c:mpol_check_policy()
Ensure nodes specified for policy are subset of
nodes with memory.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Online nodes now may have no memory. The checks and initialization must
therefore be changed to no longer use the online functions.
This will correctly initialize the interleave on bootup to only target nodes
with memory and will make sys_move_pages return an error when a page is to be
moved to a memoryless node. Similarly we will get an error if MPOL_BIND and
MPOL_INTERLEAVE is used on a memoryless node.
These are somewhat new semantics. So far one could specify memoryless nodes
and we would maybe do the right thing and just ignore the node (or we'd do
something strange like with MPOL_INTERLEAVE). If we want to allow the
specification of memoryless nodes via memory policies then we need to keep
checking for online nodes.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@skynet.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MPOL_INTERLEAVE currently simply loops over all nodes. Allocations on
memoryless nodes will be redirected to nodes with memory. This results in an
imbalance because the neighboring nodes to memoryless nodes will get
significantly more interleave hits that the rest of the nodes on the system.
We can avoid this imbalance by clearing the nodes in the interleave node set
that have no memory. If we use the node map of the memory nodes instead of
the online nodes then we have only the nodes we want.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@skynet.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Allow an application to query the memories allowed by its context.
Updated numa_memory_policy.txt to mention that applications can use this to
obtain allowed memories for constructing valid policies.
TODO: update out-of-tree libnuma wrapper[s], or maybe add a new
wrapper--e.g., numa_get_mems_allowed() ?
Also, update numa syscall man pages.
Tested with memtoy V>=0.13.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch proposes fixes to the reference counting of memory policy in the
page allocation paths and in show_numa_map(). Extracted from my "Memory
Policy Cleanups and Enhancements" series as stand-alone.
Shared policy lookup [shmem] has always added a reference to the policy,
but this was never unrefed after page allocation or after formatting the
numa map data.
Default system policy should not require additional ref counting, nor
should the current task's task policy. However, show_numa_map() calls
get_vma_policy() to examine what may be [likely is] another task's policy.
The latter case needs protection against freeing of the policy.
This patch adds a reference count to a mempolicy returned by
get_vma_policy() when the policy is a vma policy or another task's
mempolicy. Again, shared policy is already reference counted on lookup. A
matching "unref" [__mpol_free()] is performed in alloc_page_vma() for
shared and vma policies, and in show_numa_map() for shared and another
task's mempolicy. We can call __mpol_free() directly, saving an admittedly
inexpensive inline NULL test, because we know we have a non-NULL policy.
Handling policy ref counts for hugepages is a bit trickier.
huge_zonelist() returns a zone list that might come from a shared or vma
'BIND policy. In this case, we should hold the reference until after the
huge page allocation in dequeue_hugepage(). The patch modifies
huge_zonelist() to return a pointer to the mempolicy if it needs to be
unref'd after allocation.
Kernel Build [16cpu, 32GB, ia64] - average of 10 runs:
w/o patch w/ refcount patch
Avg Std Devn Avg Std Devn
Real: 100.59 0.38 100.63 0.43
User: 1209.60 0.37 1209.91 0.31
System: 81.52 0.42 81.64 0.34
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Page migration currently does not check if the target of the move contains
nodes that that are invalid (if root attempts to migrate pages)
and may try to allocate from invalid nodes if these are specified
leading to oopses.
Return -EINVAL if an offline node is specified.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The NUMA layer only supports NUMA policies for the highest zone. When
ZONE_MOVABLE is configured with kernelcore=, the the highest zone becomes
ZONE_MOVABLE. The result is that policies are only applied to allocations
like anonymous pages and page cache allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE when the
zone is used.
This patch applies policies to the two highest zones when the highest zone
is ZONE_MOVABLE. As ZONE_MOVABLE consists of pages from the highest "real"
zone, it's always functionally equivalent.
The patch has been tested on a variety of machines both NUMA and non-NUMA
covering x86, x86_64 and ppc64. No abnormal results were seen in
kernbench, tbench, dbench or hackbench. It passes regression tests from
the numactl package with and without kernelcore= once numactl tests are
patched to wait for vmstat counters to update.
akpm: this is the nasty hack to fix NUMA mempolicies in the presence of
ZONE_MOVABLE and kernelcore= in 2.6.23. Christoph says "For .24 either merge
the mobility or get the other solution that Mel is working on. That solution
would only use a single zonelist per node and filter on the fly. That may
help performance and also help to make memory policies work better."
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Tested-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's
c59def9f22 change. They've been
BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them
either.
This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create()
completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were
about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves,
or the documentation references).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Huge pages are not movable so are not allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE. However,
as ZONE_MOVABLE will always have pages that can be migrated or reclaimed, it
can be used to satisfy hugepage allocations even when the system has been
running a long time. This allows an administrator to resize the hugepage pool
at runtime depending on the size of ZONE_MOVABLE.
This patch adds a new sysctl called hugepages_treat_as_movable. When a
non-zero value is written to it, future allocations for the huge page pool
will use ZONE_MOVABLE. Despite huge pages being non-movable, we do not
introduce additional external fragmentation of note as huge pages are always
the largest contiguous block we care about.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: various fixes]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is often known at allocation time whether a page may be migrated or not.
This patch adds a flag called __GFP_MOVABLE and a new mask called
GFP_HIGH_MOVABLE. Allocations using the __GFP_MOVABLE can be either migrated
using the page migration mechanism or reclaimed by syncing with backing
storage and discarding.
An API function very similar to alloc_zeroed_user_highpage() is added for
__GFP_MOVABLE allocations called alloc_zeroed_user_highpage_movable(). The
flags used by alloc_zeroed_user_highpage() are not changed because it would
change the semantics of an existing API. After this patch is applied there
are no in-kernel users of alloc_zeroed_user_highpage() so it probably should
be marked deprecated if this patch is merged.
Note that this patch includes a minor cleanup to the use of __GFP_ZERO in
shmem.c to keep all flag modifications to inode->mapping in the
shmem_dir_alloc() helper function. This clean-up suggestion is courtesy of
Hugh Dickens.
Additional credit goes to Christoph Lameter and Linus Torvalds for shaping the
concept. Credit to Hugh Dickens for catching issues with shmem swap vector
and ramfs allocations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[hugh@veritas.com: __GFP_ZERO cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Enabling debugging fails to build due to the nodemask variable in
do_mbind() having changed names, and then oopses on boot due to the
assumption that the nodemask can be dereferenced -- which doesn't work out
so well when the policy is changed to MPOL_DEFAULT with a NULL nodemask by
numa_default_policy().
This fixes it up, and switches from PDprintk() to pr_debug() while
we're at it.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This converts the default system init memory policy to use a dynamically
created node map instead of defaulting to all online nodes. Nodes of a
certain size (>= 16MB) are judged to be suitable for interleave, and are added
to the map. If all nodes are smaller in size, the largest one is
automatically selected.
Without this, tiny nodes find themselves out of memory before we even make it
to userspace. Systems with large nodes will notice no change.
Only the system init policy is effected by this change, the regular
MPOL_DEFAULT policy is still switched to later on in the boot process as
normal.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we do not check for vma flags if sys_move_pages is called to move
individual pages. If sys_migrate_pages is called to move pages then we
check for vm_flags that indicate a non migratable vma but that still
includes VM_LOCKED and we can migrate mlocked pages.
Extract the vma_migratable check from mm/mempolicy.c, fix it and put it
into migrate.h so that is can be used from both locations.
Problem was spotted by Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
bind_zonelist() can create zero-length zonelist if there is a
memory-less-node. This patch checks the length of zonelist. If length is
0, returns -EINVAL.
tested on ia64/NUMA with memory-less-node.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset follows up on the earlier work in Andrew's tree to reduce the
number of zones. The patches allow to go to a minimum of 2 zones. This one
allows also to make ZONE_DMA optional and therefore the number of zones can be
reduced to one.
ZONE_DMA is usually used for ISA DMA devices. There are a number of reasons
why we would not want to have ZONE_DMA
1. Some arches do not need ZONE_DMA at all.
2. With the advent of IOMMUs DMA zones are no longer needed.
The necessity of DMA zones may drastically be reduced
in the future. This patchset allows a compilation of
a kernel without that overhead.
3. Devices that require ISA DMA get rare these days. All
my systems do not have any need for ISA DMA.
4. The presence of an additional zone unecessarily complicates
VM operations because it must be scanned and balancing
logic must operate on its.
5. With only ZONE_NORMAL one can reach the situation where
we have only one zone. This will allow the unrolling of many
loops in the VM and allows the optimization of varous
code paths in the VM.
6. Having only a single zone in a NUMA system results in a
1-1 correspondence between nodes and zones. Various additional
optimizations to critical VM paths become possible.
Many systems today can operate just fine with a single zone. If you look at
what is in ZONE_DMA then one usually sees that nothing uses it. The DMA slabs
are empty (Some arches use ZONE_DMA instead of ZONE_NORMAL, then ZONE_NORMAL
will be empty instead).
On all of my systems (i386, x86_64, ia64) ZONE_DMA is completely empty. Why
constantly look at an empty zone in /proc/zoneinfo and empty slab in
/proc/slabinfo? Non i386 also frequently have no need for ZONE_DMA and zones
stay empty.
The patchset was tested on i386 (UP / SMP), x86_64 (UP, NUMA) and ia64 (NUMA).
The RFC posted earlier (see
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115231723513008&w=2) had lots
of #ifdefs in them. An effort has been made to minize the number of #ifdefs
and make this as compact as possible. The job was made much easier by the
ongoing efforts of others to extract common arch specific functionality.
I have been running this for awhile now on my desktop and finally Linux is
using all my available RAM instead of leaving the 16MB in ZONE_DMA untouched:
christoph@pentium940:~$ cat /proc/zoneinfo
Node 0, zone Normal
pages free 4435
min 1448
low 1810
high 2172
active 241786
inactive 210170
scanned 0 (a: 0 i: 0)
spanned 524224
present 524224
nr_anon_pages 61680
nr_mapped 14271
nr_file_pages 390264
nr_slab_reclaimable 27564
nr_slab_unreclaimable 1793
nr_page_table_pages 449
nr_dirty 39
nr_writeback 0
nr_unstable 0
nr_bounce 0
cpu: 0 pcp: 0
count: 156
high: 186
batch: 31
cpu: 0 pcp: 1
count: 9
high: 62
batch: 15
vm stats threshold: 20
cpu: 1 pcp: 0
count: 177
high: 186
batch: 31
cpu: 1 pcp: 1
count: 12
high: 62
batch: 15
vm stats threshold: 20
all_unreclaimable: 0
prev_priority: 12
temp_priority: 12
start_pfn: 0
This patch:
In two places in the VM we use ZONE_DMA to refer to the first zone. If
ZONE_DMA is optional then other zones may be first. So simply replace
ZONE_DMA with zone 0.
This also fixes ZONETABLE_PGSHIFT. If we have only a single zone then
ZONES_PGSHIFT may become 0 because there is no need anymore to encode the zone
number related to a pgdat. However, we still need a zonetable to index all
the zones for each node if this is a NUMA system. Therefore define
ZONETABLE_SHIFT unconditionally as the offset of the ZONE field in page flags.
[apw@shadowen.org: fix mismerge]
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently one can specify an arbitrary node mask to mbind that includes
nodes not allowed. If that is done with an interleave policy then we will
go around all the nodes. Those outside of the currently allowed cpuset
will be redirected to the border nodes. Interleave will then create
imbalances at the borders of the cpuset.
This patch restricts the nodes to the currently allowed cpuset.
The RFC for this patch was discussed at
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=116793842100004&r=1&w=2
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- move some file_operations structs into the .rodata section
- move static strings from policy_types[] array into the .rodata section
- fix generic seq_operations usages, so that those structs may be defined
as "const" as well
[akpm@osdl.org: couple of fixes]
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_KERNEL is an alias of GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Lee Schermerhorn
Pavel Emelyanov
Paul Menage
Adrian Bunk
Christoph Lameter
Jesper Juhl
Mel Gorman
Paul Mundt
Christoph Lameter
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Josef Sipek
Helge Deller