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Manual merge with Linus

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Dmitry Torokhov
2005-09-09 20:14:47 -05:00
parent 010988e888 87fc767b83
commit d344c5e085
3056 changed files with 144610 additions and 124861 deletions
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Documentation/00-INDEX
+2
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@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ SubmittingPatches
- procedure to get a source patch included into the kernel tree.
VGA-softcursor.txt
- how to change your VGA cursor from a blinking underscore.
applying-patches.txt
- description of various trees and how to apply their patches.
arm/
- directory with info about Linux on the ARM architecture.
basic_profiling.txt
Documentation/DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
DMA with ISA and LPC devices
============================
Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
This document describes how to do DMA transfers using the old ISA DMA
controller. Even though ISA is more or less dead today the LPC bus
uses the same DMA system so it will be around for quite some time.
Part I - Headers and dependencies
---------------------------------
To do ISA style DMA you need to include two headers:
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <asm/dma.h>
The first is the generic DMA API used to convert virtual addresses to
physical addresses (see Documentation/DMA-API.txt for details).
The second contains the routines specific to ISA DMA transfers. Since
this is not present on all platforms make sure you construct your
Kconfig to be dependent on ISA_DMA_API (not ISA) so that nobody tries
to build your driver on unsupported platforms.
Part II - Buffer allocation
---------------------------
The ISA DMA controller has some very strict requirements on which
memory it can access so extra care must be taken when allocating
buffers.
(You usually need a special buffer for DMA transfers instead of
transferring directly to and from your normal data structures.)
The DMA-able address space is the lowest 16 MB of _physical_ memory.
Also the transfer block may not cross page boundaries (which are 64
or 128 KiB depending on which channel you use).
In order to allocate a piece of memory that satisfies all these
requirements you pass the flag GFP_DMA to kmalloc.
Unfortunately the memory available for ISA DMA is scarce so unless you
allocate the memory during boot-up it's a good idea to also pass
__GFP_REPEAT and __GFP_NOWARN to make the allocater try a bit harder.
(This scarcity also means that you should allocate the buffer as
early as possible and not release it until the driver is unloaded.)
Part III - Address translation
------------------------------
To translate the virtual address to a physical use the normal DMA
API. Do _not_ use isa_virt_to_phys() even though it does the same
thing. The reason for this is that the function isa_virt_to_phys()
will require a Kconfig dependency to ISA, not just ISA_DMA_API which
is really all you need. Remember that even though the DMA controller
has its origins in ISA it is used elsewhere.
Note: x86_64 had a broken DMA API when it came to ISA but has since
been fixed. If your arch has problems then fix the DMA API instead of
reverting to the ISA functions.
Part IV - Channels
------------------
A normal ISA DMA controller has 8 channels. The lower four are for
8-bit transfers and the upper four are for 16-bit transfers.
(Actually the DMA controller is really two separate controllers where
channel 4 is used to give DMA access for the second controller (0-3).
This means that of the four 16-bits channels only three are usable.)
You allocate these in a similar fashion as all basic resources:
extern int request_dma(unsigned int dmanr, const char * device_id);
extern void free_dma(unsigned int dmanr);
The ability to use 16-bit or 8-bit transfers is _not_ up to you as a
driver author but depends on what the hardware supports. Check your
specs or test different channels.
Part V - Transfer data
----------------------
Now for the good stuff, the actual DMA transfer. :)
Before you use any ISA DMA routines you need to claim the DMA lock
using claim_dma_lock(). The reason is that some DMA operations are
not atomic so only one driver may fiddle with the registers at a
time.
The first time you use the DMA controller you should call
clear_dma_ff(). This clears an internal register in the DMA
controller that is used for the non-atomic operations. As long as you
(and everyone else) uses the locking functions then you only need to
reset this once.
Next, you tell the controller in which direction you intend to do the
transfer using set_dma_mode(). Currently you have the options
DMA_MODE_READ and DMA_MODE_WRITE.
Set the address from where the transfer should start (this needs to
be 16-bit aligned for 16-bit transfers) and how many bytes to
transfer. Note that it's _bytes_. The DMA routines will do all the
required translation to values that the DMA controller understands.
The final step is enabling the DMA channel and releasing the DMA
lock.
Once the DMA transfer is finished (or timed out) you should disable
the channel again. You should also check get_dma_residue() to make
sure that all data has been transfered.
Example:
int flags, residue;
flags = claim_dma_lock();
clear_dma_ff();
set_dma_mode(channel, DMA_MODE_WRITE);
set_dma_addr(channel, phys_addr);
set_dma_count(channel, num_bytes);
dma_enable(channel);
release_dma_lock(flags);
while (!device_done());
flags = claim_dma_lock();
dma_disable(channel);
residue = dma_get_residue(channel);
if (residue != 0)
printk(KERN_ERR "driver: Incomplete DMA transfer!"
" %d bytes left!\n", residue);
release_dma_lock(flags);
Part VI - Suspend/resume
------------------------
It is the driver's responsibility to make sure that the machine isn't
suspended while a DMA transfer is in progress. Also, all DMA settings
are lost when the system suspends so if your driver relies on the DMA
controller being in a certain state then you have to restore these
registers upon resume.
Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
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Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl
+1 -1
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@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
<chapter id="pubfunctions">
<title>Public Functions Provided</title>
!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
!Edrivers/mca/mca-legacy.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="dmafunctions">
Documentation/IPMI.txt
+7 -6
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@@ -605,12 +605,13 @@ is in the ipmi_poweroff module. When the system requests a powerdown,
it will send the proper IPMI commands to do this. This is supported on
several platforms.
There is a module parameter named "poweroff_control" that may either be zero
(do a power down) or 2 (do a power cycle, power the system off, then power
it on in a few seconds). Setting ipmi_poweroff.poweroff_control=x will do
the same thing on the kernel command line. The parameter is also available
via the proc filesystem in /proc/ipmi/poweroff_control. Note that if the
system does not support power cycling, it will always to the power off.
There is a module parameter named "poweroff_powercycle" that may
either be zero (do a power down) or non-zero (do a power cycle, power
the system off, then power it on in a few seconds). Setting
ipmi_poweroff.poweroff_control=x will do the same thing on the kernel
command line. The parameter is also available via the proc filesystem
in /proc/sys/dev/ipmi/poweroff_powercycle. Note that if the system
does not support power cycling, it will always do the power off.
Note that if you have ACPI enabled, the system will prefer using ACPI to
power off.
Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers
Although RCU is usually used to protect read-mostly data structures,
it is possible to use RCU to provide dynamic non-maskable interrupt
handlers, as well as dynamic irq handlers. This document describes
how to do this, drawing loosely from Zwane Mwaikambo's NMI-timer
work in "arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_timer_int.c" and in
"arch/i386/kernel/traps.c".
The relevant pieces of code are listed below, each followed by a
brief explanation.
static int dummy_nmi_callback(struct pt_regs *regs, int cpu)
{
return 0;
}
The dummy_nmi_callback() function is a "dummy" NMI handler that does
nothing, but returns zero, thus saying that it did nothing, allowing
the NMI handler to take the default machine-specific action.
static nmi_callback_t nmi_callback = dummy_nmi_callback;
This nmi_callback variable is a global function pointer to the current
NMI handler.
fastcall void do_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long error_code)
{
int cpu;
nmi_enter();
cpu = smp_processor_id();
++nmi_count(cpu);
if (!rcu_dereference(nmi_callback)(regs, cpu))
default_do_nmi(regs);
nmi_exit();
}
The do_nmi() function processes each NMI. It first disables preemption
in the same way that a hardware irq would, then increments the per-CPU
count of NMIs. It then invokes the NMI handler stored in the nmi_callback
function pointer. If this handler returns zero, do_nmi() invokes the
default_do_nmi() function to handle a machine-specific NMI. Finally,
preemption is restored.
Strictly speaking, rcu_dereference() is not needed, since this code runs
only on i386, which does not need rcu_dereference() anyway. However,
it is a good documentation aid, particularly for anyone attempting to
do something similar on Alpha.
Quick Quiz: Why might the rcu_dereference() be necessary on Alpha,
given that the code referenced by the pointer is read-only?
Back to the discussion of NMI and RCU...
void set_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback)
{
rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, callback);
}
The set_nmi_callback() function registers an NMI handler. Note that any
data that is to be used by the callback must be initialized up -before-
the call to set_nmi_callback(). On architectures that do not order
writes, the rcu_assign_pointer() ensures that the NMI handler sees the
initialized values.
void unset_nmi_callback(void)
{
rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, dummy_nmi_callback);
}
This function unregisters an NMI handler, restoring the original
dummy_nmi_handler(). However, there may well be an NMI handler
currently executing on some other CPU. We therefore cannot free
up any data structures used by the old NMI handler until execution
of it completes on all other CPUs.
One way to accomplish this is via synchronize_sched(), perhaps as
follows:
unset_nmi_callback();
synchronize_sched();
kfree(my_nmi_data);
This works because synchronize_sched() blocks until all CPUs complete
any preemption-disabled segments of code that they were executing.
Since NMI handlers disable preemption, synchronize_sched() is guaranteed
not to return until all ongoing NMI handlers exit. It is therefore safe
to free up the handler's data as soon as synchronize_sched() returns.
Answer to Quick Quiz
Why might the rcu_dereference() be necessary on Alpha, given
that the code referenced by the pointer is read-only?
Answer: The caller to set_nmi_callback() might well have
initialized some data that is to be used by the
new NMI handler. In this case, the rcu_dereference()
would be needed, because otherwise a CPU that received
an NMI just after the new handler was set might see
the pointer to the new NMI handler, but the old
pre-initialized version of the handler's data.
More important, the rcu_dereference() makes it clear
to someone reading the code that the pointer is being
protected by RCU.
Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
Refcounter framework for elements of lists/arrays protected by
RCU.
Refcounting on elements of lists which are protected by traditional
reader/writer spinlocks or semaphores are straight forward as in:
1. 2.
add() search_and_reference()
{ {
alloc_object read_lock(&list_lock);
... search_for_element
atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); atomic_inc(&el->rc);
write_lock(&list_lock); ...
add_element read_unlock(&list_lock);
... ...
write_unlock(&list_lock); }
}
3. 4.
release_referenced() delete()
{ {
... write_lock(&list_lock);
atomic_dec(&el->rc, relfunc) ...
... delete_element
} write_unlock(&list_lock);
...
if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
kfree(el);
...
}
If this list/array is made lock free using rcu as in changing the
write_lock in add() and delete() to spin_lock and changing read_lock
in search_and_reference to rcu_read_lock(), the rcuref_get in
search_and_reference could potentially hold reference to an element which
has already been deleted from the list/array. rcuref_lf_get_rcu takes
care of this scenario. search_and_reference should look as;
1. 2.
add() search_and_reference()
{ {
alloc_object rcu_read_lock();
... search_for_element
atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); if (rcuref_inc_lf(&el->rc)) {
write_lock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
return FAIL;
add_element }
... ...
write_unlock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
} }
3. 4.
release_referenced() delete()
{ {
... write_lock(&list_lock);
rcuref_dec(&el->rc, relfunc) ...
... delete_element
} write_unlock(&list_lock);
...
if (rcuref_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);
...
}
Sometimes, reference to the element need to be obtained in the
update (write) stream. In such cases, rcuref_inc_lf might be an overkill
since the spinlock serialising list updates are held. rcuref_inc
is to be used in such cases.
For arches which do not have cmpxchg rcuref_inc_lf
api uses a hashed spinlock implementation and the same hashed spinlock
is acquired in all rcuref_xxx primitives to preserve atomicity.
Note: Use rcuref_inc api only if you need to use rcuref_inc_lf on the
refcounter atleast at one place. Mixing rcuref_inc and atomic_xxx api
might lead to races. rcuref_inc_lf() must be used in lockfree
RCU critical sections only.
Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt
+1 -1
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@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ created. Please use command "cat /proc/acpi/hotkey/polling_method"
to retrieve it.
Note: Use cmdline "acpi_generic_hotkey" to over-ride
loading any platform specific drivers.
platform-specific with generic driver.
Documentation/applying-patches.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
Applying Patches To The Linux Kernel
------------------------------------
(Written by Jesper Juhl, August 2005)
A frequently asked question on the Linux Kernel Mailing List is how to apply
a patch to the kernel or, more specifically, what base kernel a patch for
one of the many trees/branches should be applied to. Hopefully this document
will explain this to you.
In addition to explaining how to apply and revert patches, a brief
description of the different kernel trees (and examples of how to apply
their specific patches) is also provided.
What is a patch?
---
A patch is a small text document containing a delta of changes between two
different versions of a source tree. Patches are created with the `diff'
program.
To correctly apply a patch you need to know what base it was generated from
and what new version the patch will change the source tree into. These
should both be present in the patch file metadata or be possible to deduce
from the filename.
How do I apply or revert a patch?
---
You apply a patch with the `patch' program. The patch program reads a diff
(or patch) file and makes the changes to the source tree described in it.
Patches for the Linux kernel are generated relative to the parent directory
holding the kernel source dir.
This means that paths to files inside the patch file contain the name of the
kernel source directories it was generated against (or some other directory
names like "a/" and "b/").
Since this is unlikely to match the name of the kernel source dir on your
local machine (but is often useful info to see what version an otherwise
unlabeled patch was generated against) you should change into your kernel
source directory and then strip the first element of the path from filenames
in the patch file when applying it (the -p1 argument to `patch' does this).
To revert a previously applied patch, use the -R argument to patch.
So, if you applied a patch like this:
patch -p1 < ../patch-x.y.z
You can revert (undo) it like this:
patch -R -p1 < ../patch-x.y.z
How do I feed a patch/diff file to `patch'?
---
This (as usual with Linux and other UNIX like operating systems) can be
done in several different ways.
In all the examples below I feed the file (in uncompressed form) to patch
via stdin using the following syntax:
patch -p1 < path/to/patch-x.y.z
If you just want to be able to follow the examples below and don't want to
know of more than one way to use patch, then you can stop reading this
section here.
Patch can also get the name of the file to use via the -i argument, like
this:
patch -p1 -i path/to/patch-x.y.z
If your patch file is compressed with gzip or bzip2 and you don't want to
uncompress it before applying it, then you can feed it to patch like this
instead:
zcat path/to/patch-x.y.z.gz | patch -p1
bzcat path/to/patch-x.y.z.bz2 | patch -p1
If you wish to uncompress the patch file by hand first before applying it
(what I assume you've done in the examples below), then you simply run
gunzip or bunzip2 on the file - like this:
gunzip patch-x.y.z.gz
bunzip2 patch-x.y.z.bz2
Which will leave you with a plain text patch-x.y.z file that you can feed to
patch via stdin or the -i argument, as you prefer.
A few other nice arguments for patch are -s which causes patch to be silent
except for errors which is nice to prevent errors from scrolling out of the
screen too fast, and --dry-run which causes patch to just print a listing of
what would happen, but doesn't actually make any changes. Finally --verbose
tells patch to print more information about the work being done.
Common errors when patching
---
When patch applies a patch file it attempts to verify the sanity of the
file in different ways.
Checking that the file looks like a valid patch file, checking the code
around the bits being modified matches the context provided in the patch are
just two of the basic sanity checks patch does.
If patch encounters something that doesn't look quite right it has two
options. It can either refuse to apply the changes and abort or it can try
to find a way to make the patch apply with a few minor changes.
One example of something that's not 'quite right' that patch will attempt to
fix up is if all the context matches, the lines being changed match, but the
line numbers are different. This can happen, for example, if the patch makes
a change in the middle of the file but for some reasons a few lines have
been added or removed near the beginning of the file. In that case
everything looks good it has just moved up or down a bit, and patch will
usually adjust the line numbers and apply the patch.
Whenever patch applies a patch that it had to modify a bit to make it fit
it'll tell you about it by saying the patch applied with 'fuzz'.
You should be wary of such changes since even though patch probably got it
right it doesn't /always/ get it right, and the result will sometimes be
wrong.
When patch encounters a change that it can't fix up with fuzz it rejects it
outright and leaves a file with a .rej extension (a reject file). You can
read this file to see exactely what change couldn't be applied, so you can
go fix it up by hand if you wish.
If you don't have any third party patches applied to your kernel source, but
only patches from kernel.org and you apply the patches in the correct order,
and have made no modifications yourself to the source files, then you should
never see a fuzz or reject message from patch. If you do see such messages
anyway, then there's a high risk that either your local source tree or the
patch file is corrupted in some way. In that case you should probably try
redownloading the patch and if things are still not OK then you'd be advised
to start with a fresh tree downloaded in full from kernel.org.
Let's look a bit more at some of the messages patch can produce.
If patch stops and presents a "File to patch:" prompt, then patch could not
find a file to be patched. Most likely you forgot to specify -p1 or you are
in the wrong directory. Less often, you'll find patches that need to be
applied with -p0 instead of -p1 (reading the patch file should reveal if
this is the case - if so, then this is an error by the person who created
the patch but is not fatal).
If you get "Hunk #2 succeeded at 1887 with fuzz 2 (offset 7 lines)." or a
message similar to that, then it means that patch had to adjust the location
of the change (in this example it needed to move 7 lines from where it
expected to make the change to make it fit).
The resulting file may or may not be OK, depending on the reason the file
was different than expected.
This often happens if you try to apply a patch that was generated against a
different kernel version than the one you are trying to patch.
If you get a message like "Hunk #3 FAILED at 2387.", then it means that the
patch could not be applied correctly and the patch program was unable to
fuzz its way through. This will generate a .rej file with the change that
caused the patch to fail and also a .orig file showing you the original
content that couldn't be changed.
If you get "Reversed (or previously applied) patch detected! Assume -R? [n]"
then patch detected that the change contained in the patch seems to have
already been made.
If you actually did apply this patch previously and you just re-applied it
in error, then just say [n]o and abort this patch. If you applied this patch
previously and actually intended to revert it, but forgot to specify -R,
then you can say [y]es here to make patch revert it for you.
This can also happen if the creator of the patch reversed the source and
destination directories when creating the patch, and in that case reverting
the patch will in fact apply it.
A message similar to "patch: **** unexpected end of file in patch" or "patch
unexpectedly ends in middle of line" means that patch could make no sense of
the file you fed to it. Either your download is broken or you tried to feed
patch a compressed patch file without uncompressing it first.
As I already mentioned above, these errors should never happen if you apply
a patch from kernel.org to the correct version of an unmodified source tree.
So if you get these errors with kernel.org patches then you should probably
assume that either your patch file or your tree is broken and I'd advice you
to start over with a fresh download of a full kernel tree and the patch you
wish to apply.
Are there any alternatives to `patch'?
---
Yes there are alternatives. You can use the `interdiff' program
(http://cyberelk.net/tim/patchutils/) to generate a patch representing the
differences between two patches and then apply the result.
This will let you move from something like 2.6.12.2 to 2.6.12.3 in a single
step. The -z flag to interdiff will even let you feed it patches in gzip or
bzip2 compressed form directly without the use of zcat or bzcat or manual
decompression.
Here's how you'd go from 2.6.12.2 to 2.6.12.3 in a single step:
interdiff -z ../patch-2.6.12.2.bz2 ../patch-2.6.12.3.gz | patch -p1
Although interdiff may save you a step or two you are generally advised to
do the additional steps since interdiff can get things wrong in some cases.
Another alternative is `ketchup', which is a python script for automatic
downloading and applying of patches (http://www.selenic.com/ketchup/).
Other nice tools are diffstat which shows a summary of changes made by a
patch, lsdiff which displays a short listing of affected files in a patch
file, along with (optionally) the line numbers of the start of each patch
and grepdiff which displays a list of the files modified by a patch where
the patch contains a given regular expression.
Where can I download the patches?
---
The patches are available at http://kernel.org/
Most recent patches are linked from the front page, but they also have
specific homes.
The 2.6.x.y (-stable) and 2.6.x patches live at
ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/
The -rc patches live at
ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/testing/
The -git patches live at
ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/snapshots/
The -mm kernels live at
ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/
In place of ftp.kernel.org you can use ftp.cc.kernel.org, where cc is a
country code. This way you'll be downloading from a mirror site that's most
likely geographically closer to you, resulting in faster downloads for you,
less bandwidth used globally and less load on the main kernel.org servers -
these are good things, do use mirrors when possible.
The 2.6.x kernels
---
These are the base stable releases released by Linus. The highest numbered
release is the most recent.
If regressions or other serious flaws are found then a -stable fix patch
will be released (see below) on top of this base. Once a new 2.6.x base
kernel is released, a patch is made available that is a delta between the
previous 2.6.x kernel and the new one.
To apply a patch moving from 2.6.11 to 2.6.12 you'd do the following (note
that such patches do *NOT* apply on top of 2.6.x.y kernels but on top of the
base 2.6.x kernel - if you need to move from 2.6.x.y to 2.6.x+1 you need to
first revert the 2.6.x.y patch).
Here are some examples:
# moving from 2.6.11 to 2.6.12
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.11 # change to kernel source dir
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.12 # apply the 2.6.12 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.11 linux-2.6.12 # rename source dir
# moving from 2.6.11.1 to 2.6.12
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.11.1 # change to kernel source dir
$ patch -p1 -R < ../patch-2.6.11.1 # revert the 2.6.11.1 patch
# source dir is now 2.6.11
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.12 # apply new 2.6.12 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.11.1 inux-2.6.12 # rename source dir
The 2.6.x.y kernels
---
Kernels with 4 digit versions are -stable kernels. They contain small(ish)
critical fixes for security problems or significant regressions discovered
in a given 2.6.x kernel.
This is the recommended branch for users who want the most recent stable
kernel and are not interested in helping test development/experimental
versions.
If no 2.6.x.y kernel is available, then the highest numbered 2.6.x kernel is
the current stable kernel.
These patches are not incremental, meaning that for example the 2.6.12.3
patch does not apply on top of the 2.6.12.2 kernel source, but rather on top
of the base 2.6.12 kernel source.
So, in order to apply the 2.6.12.3 patch to your existing 2.6.12.2 kernel
source you have to first back out the 2.6.12.2 patch (so you are left with a
base 2.6.12 kernel source) and then apply the new 2.6.12.3 patch.
Here's a small example:
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12.2 # change into the kernel source dir
$ patch -p1 -R < ../patch-2.6.12.2 # revert the 2.6.12.2 patch
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.12.3 # apply the new 2.6.12.3 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12.2 linux-2.6.12.3 # rename the kernel source dir
The -rc kernels
---
These are release-candidate kernels. These are development kernels released
by Linus whenever he deems the current git (the kernel's source management
tool) tree to be in a reasonably sane state adequate for testing.
These kernels are not stable and you should expect occasional breakage if
you intend to run them. This is however the most stable of the main
development branches and is also what will eventually turn into the next
stable kernel, so it is important that it be tested by as many people as
possible.
This is a good branch to run for people who want to help out testing
development kernels but do not want to run some of the really experimental
stuff (such people should see the sections about -git and -mm kernels below).
The -rc patches are not incremental, they apply to a base 2.6.x kernel, just
like the 2.6.x.y patches described above. The kernel version before the -rcN
suffix denotes the version of the kernel that this -rc kernel will eventually
turn into.
So, 2.6.13-rc5 means that this is the fifth release candidate for the 2.6.13
kernel and the patch should be applied on top of the 2.6.12 kernel source.
Here are 3 examples of how to apply these patches:
# first an example of moving from 2.6.12 to 2.6.13-rc3
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12 # change into the 2.6.12 source dir
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.13-rc3 # apply the 2.6.13-rc3 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.13-rc3 # rename the source dir
# now let's move from 2.6.13-rc3 to 2.6.13-rc5
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.13-rc3 # change into the 2.6.13-rc3 dir
$ patch -p1 -R < ../patch-2.6.13-rc3 # revert the 2.6.13-rc3 patch
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.13-rc5 # apply the new 2.6.13-rc5 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.13-rc3 linux-2.6.13-rc5 # rename the source dir
# finally let's try and move from 2.6.12.3 to 2.6.13-rc5
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12.3 # change to the kernel source dir
$ patch -p1 -R < ../patch-2.6.12.3 # revert the 2.6.12.3 patch
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.13-rc5 # apply new 2.6.13-rc5 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12.3 linux-2.6.13-rc5 # rename the kernel source dir
The -git kernels
---
These are daily snapshots of Linus' kernel tree (managed in a git
repository, hence the name).
These patches are usually released daily and represent the current state of
Linus' tree. They are more experimental than -rc kernels since they are
generated automatically without even a cursory glance to see if they are
sane.
-git patches are not incremental and apply either to a base 2.6.x kernel or
a base 2.6.x-rc kernel - you can see which from their name.
A patch named 2.6.12-git1 applies to the 2.6.12 kernel source and a patch
named 2.6.13-rc3-git2 applies to the source of the 2.6.13-rc3 kernel.
Here are some examples of how to apply these patches:
# moving from 2.6.12 to 2.6.12-git1
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12 # change to the kernel source dir
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.12-git1 # apply the 2.6.12-git1 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.12-git1 # rename the kernel source dir
# moving from 2.6.12-git1 to 2.6.13-rc2-git3
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12-git1 # change to the kernel source dir
$ patch -p1 -R < ../patch-2.6.12-git1 # revert the 2.6.12-git1 patch
# we now have a 2.6.12 kernel
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.13-rc2 # apply the 2.6.13-rc2 patch
# the kernel is now 2.6.13-rc2
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.13-rc2-git3 # apply the 2.6.13-rc2-git3 patch
# the kernel is now 2.6.13-rc2-git3
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12-git1 linux-2.6.13-rc2-git3 # rename source dir
The -mm kernels
---
These are experimental kernels released by Andrew Morton.
The -mm tree serves as a sort of proving ground for new features and other
experimental patches.
Once a patch has proved its worth in -mm for a while Andrew pushes it on to
Linus for inclusion in mainline.
Although it's encouraged that patches flow to Linus via the -mm tree, this
is not always enforced.
Subsystem maintainers (or individuals) sometimes push their patches directly
to Linus, even though (or after) they have been merged and tested in -mm (or
sometimes even without prior testing in -mm).
You should generally strive to get your patches into mainline via -mm to
ensure maximum testing.
This branch is in constant flux and contains many experimental features, a
lot of debugging patches not appropriate for mainline etc and is the most
experimental of the branches described in this document.
These kernels are not appropriate for use on systems that are supposed to be
stable and they are more risky to run than any of the other branches (make
sure you have up-to-date backups - that goes for any experimental kernel but
even more so for -mm kernels).
These kernels in addition to all the other experimental patches they contain
usually also contain any changes in the mainline -git kernels available at
the time of release.
Testing of -mm kernels is greatly appreciated since the whole point of the
tree is to weed out regressions, crashes, data corruption bugs, build
breakage (and any other bug in general) before changes are merged into the
more stable mainline Linus tree.
But testers of -mm should be aware that breakage in this tree is more common
than in any other tree.
The -mm kernels are not released on a fixed schedule, but usually a few -mm
kernels are released in between each -rc kernel (1 to 3 is common).
The -mm kernels apply to either a base 2.6.x kernel (when no -rc kernels
have been released yet) or to a Linus -rc kernel.
Here are some examples of applying the -mm patches:
# moving from 2.6.12 to 2.6.12-mm1
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12 # change to the 2.6.12 source dir
$ patch -p1 < ../2.6.12-mm1 # apply the 2.6.12-mm1 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.12-mm1 # rename the source appropriately
# moving from 2.6.12-mm1 to 2.6.13-rc3-mm3
$ cd ~/linux-2.6.12-mm1
$ patch -p1 -R < ../2.6.12-mm1 # revert the 2.6.12-mm1 patch
# we now have a 2.6.12 source
$ patch -p1 < ../patch-2.6.13-rc3 # apply the 2.6.13-rc3 patch
# we now have a 2.6.13-rc3 source
$ patch -p1 < ../2.6.13-rc3-mm3 # apply the 2.6.13-rc3-mm3 patch
$ cd ..
$ mv linux-2.6.12-mm1 linux-2.6.13-rc3-mm3 # rename the source dir
This concludes this list of explanations of the various kernel trees and I
hope you are now crystal clear on how to apply the various patches and help
testing the kernel.
Documentation/cdrom/sonycd535
+2 -1
View File
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ it a better device citizen. Further thanks to Joel Katz
Porfiri Claudio <C.Porfiri@nisms.tei.ericsson.se> for patches
to make the driver work with the older CDU-510/515 series, and
Heiko Eissfeldt <heiko@colossus.escape.de> for pointing out that
the verify_area() checks were ignoring the results of said checks.
the verify_area() checks were ignoring the results of said checks
(note: verify_area() has since been replaced by access_ok()).
(Acknowledgments from Ron Jeppesen in the 0.3 release:)
Thanks to Corey Minyard who wrote the original CDU-31A driver on which
Documentation/cpusets.txt
+12
View File
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to
load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive
cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask.
A cpuset that is mem_exclusive restricts kernel allocations for
page, buffer and other data commonly shared by the kernel across
multiple users. All cpusets, whether mem_exclusive or not, restrict
allocations of memory for user space. This enables configuring a
system so that several independent jobs can share common kernel
data, such as file system pages, while isolating each jobs user
allocation in its own cpuset. To do this, construct a large
mem_exclusive cpuset to hold all the jobs, and construct child,
non-mem_exclusive cpusets for each individual job. Only a small
amount of typical kernel memory, such as requests from interrupt
handlers, is allowed to be taken outside even a mem_exclusive cpuset.
User level code may create and destroy cpusets by name in the cpuset
virtual file system, manage the attributes and permissions of these
cpusets and which CPUs and Memory Nodes are assigned to each cpuset,
Documentation/crypto/api-intro.txt
+1
View File
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ CAST5 algorithm contributors:
TEA/XTEA algorithm contributors:
Aaron Grothe
Michael Ringe
Khazad algorithm contributors:
Aaron Grothe
Documentation/dcdbas.txt
+91
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
Overview
The Dell Systems Management Base Driver provides a sysfs interface for
systems management software such as Dell OpenManage to perform system
management interrupts and host control actions (system power cycle or
power off after OS shutdown) on certain Dell systems.
Dell OpenManage requires this driver on the following Dell PowerEdge systems:
300, 1300, 1400, 400SC, 500SC, 1500SC, 1550, 600SC, 1600SC, 650, 1655MC,
700, and 750. Other Dell software such as the open source libsmbios project
is expected to make use of this driver, and it may include the use of this
driver on other Dell systems.
The Dell libsmbios project aims towards providing access to as much BIOS
information as possible. See http://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/main/ for
more information about the libsmbios project.
System Management Interrupt
On some Dell systems, systems management software must access certain
management information via a system management interrupt (SMI). The SMI data
buffer must reside in 32-bit address space, and the physical address of the
buffer is required for the SMI. The driver maintains the memory required for
the SMI and provides a way for the application to generate the SMI.
The driver creates the following sysfs entries for systems management
software to perform these system management interrupts:
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/smi_data
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/smi_data_buf_phys_addr
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/smi_data_buf_size
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/smi_request
Systems management software must perform the following steps to execute
a SMI using this driver:
1) Lock smi_data.
2) Write system management command to smi_data.
3) Write "1" to smi_request to generate a calling interface SMI or
"2" to generate a raw SMI.
4) Read system management command response from smi_data.
5) Unlock smi_data.
Host Control Action
Dell OpenManage supports a host control feature that allows the administrator
to perform a power cycle or power off of the system after the OS has finished
shutting down. On some Dell systems, this host control feature requires that
a driver perform a SMI after the OS has finished shutting down.
The driver creates the following sysfs entries for systems management software
to schedule the driver to perform a power cycle or power off host control
action after the system has finished shutting down:
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/host_control_action
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/host_control_smi_type
/sys/devices/platform/dcdbas/host_control_on_shutdown
Dell OpenManage performs the following steps to execute a power cycle or
power off host control action using this driver:
1) Write host control action to be performed to host_control_action.
2) Write type of SMI that driver needs to perform to host_control_smi_type.
3) Write "1" to host_control_on_shutdown to enable host control action.
4) Initiate OS shutdown.
(Driver will perform host control SMI when it is notified that the OS
has finished shutting down.)
Host Control SMI Type
The following table shows the value to write to host_control_smi_type to
perform a power cycle or power off host control action:
PowerEdge System Host Control SMI Type
---------------- ---------------------
300 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE1
1300 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE1
1400 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
500SC HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
1500SC HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
1550 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
600SC HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
1600SC HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
650 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
1655MC HC_SMITYPE_TYPE2
700 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE3
750 HC_SMITYPE_TYPE3
Documentation/dell_rbu.txt
+74
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
Purpose:
Demonstrate the usage of the new open sourced rbu (Remote BIOS Update) driver
for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops.
Scope:
This document discusses the functionality of the rbu driver only.
It does not cover the support needed from aplications to enable the BIOS to
update itself with the image downloaded in to the memory.
Overview:
This driver works with Dell OpenManage or Dell Update Packages for updating
the BIOS on Dell servers (starting from servers sold since 1999), desktops
and notebooks (starting from those sold in 2005).
Please go to http://support.dell.com register and you can find info on
OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP).
Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monilothic image and packetized
image methods. In case of moniolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
of physical pages having the BIOS image. In case of packetized the app
using the driver breaks the image in to packets of fixed sizes and the driver
would place each packet in contiguous physical memory. The driver also
maintains a link list of packets for reading them back.
If the dell_rbu driver is unloaded all the allocated memory is freed.
The rbu driver needs to have an application which will inform the BIOS to
enable the update in the next system reboot.
The user should not unload the rbu driver after downloading the BIOS image
or updating.
The driver load creates the following directories under the /sys file system.
/sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
/sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
/sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
/sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data
The driver supports two types of update mechanism; monolithic and packetized.
These update mechanism depends upon the BIOS currently running on the system.
Most of the Dell systems support a monolithic update where the BIOS image is
copied to a single contiguous block of physical memory.
In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chuks
of contiguous memory and the BIOS image is scattered in these packets.
By default the driver uses monolithic memory for the update type. This can be
changed to contiguous during the driver load time by specifying the load
parameter image_type=packet. This can also be changed later as below
echo packet > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
1) echo 1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
2) cp bios_image.hdr /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
3) echo 0 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
done.
echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
Until this step is completed the drivr cannot be unloaded.
Also the driver provides /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data readonly file to
read back the image downloaded. This is useful in case of packet update
mechanism where the above steps 1,2,3 will repeated for every packet.
By reading the /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data file all packet data
downloaded can be verified in a single file.
The packets are arranged in this file one after the other in a FIFO order.
NOTE:
This driver requires a patch for firmware_class.c which has the addition
of request_firmware_nowait_nohotplug function to wortk
Also after updating the BIOS image an user mdoe application neeeds to execute
code which message the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates it self.
Also don't unload the rbu drive if the image has to be updated.
Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt
+57 -38
View File
@@ -1,55 +1,74 @@
How to get the Nebula Electronics DigiTV, Pinnacle PCTV Sat, Twinhan DST + clones working
=========================================================================================
How to get the Nebula, PCTV and Twinhan DST cards working
=========================================================
1) General information
======================
This class of cards has a bt878a as the PCI interface, and
require the bttv driver.
This class of cards has a bt878a chip as the PCI interface.
The different card drivers require the bttv driver to provide the means
to access the i2c bus and the gpio pins of the bt8xx chipset.
Please pay close attention to the warning about the bttv module
options below for the DST card.
2) Compilation rules for Kernel >= 2.6.12
=========================================
1) General informations
=======================
Enable the following options:
These drivers require the bttv driver to provide the means to access
the i2c bus and the gpio pins of the bt8xx chipset.
Because of this, you need to enable
"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices"
=> "Video For Linux" => "BT848 Video For Linux"
"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices" => "Digital Video Broadcasting Devices"
=> "DVB for Linux" "DVB Core Support" "Nebula/Pinnacle PCTV/TwinHan PCI Cards"
3) Loading Modules, described by two approaches
===============================================
Furthermore you need to enable
"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices" => "Digital Video Broadcasting Devices"
=> "DVB for Linux" "DVB Core Support" "BT8xx based PCI cards"
2) Loading Modules
==================
In general you need to load the bttv driver, which will handle the gpio and
i2c communication for us, plus the common dvb-bt8xx device driver,
which is called the backend.
The frontends for Nebula DigiTV (nxt6000), Pinnacle PCTV Sat (cx24110),
TwinHan DST + clones (dst and dst-ca) are loaded automatically by the backend.
For further details about TwinHan DST + clones see /Documentation/dvb/ci.txt.
i2c communication for us, plus the common dvb-bt8xx device driver.
The frontends for Nebula (nxt6000), Pinnacle PCTV (cx24110) and
TwinHan (dst) are loaded automatically by the dvb-bt8xx device driver.
3a) The manual approach
-----------------------
Loading modules:
modprobe bttv
modprobe dvb-bt8xx
Unloading modules:
modprobe -r dvb-bt8xx
modprobe -r bttv
3b) The automatic approach
3a) Nebula / Pinnacle PCTV
--------------------------
If not already done by installation, place a line either in
/etc/modules.conf or in /etc/modprobe.conf containing this text:
alias char-major-81 bttv
$ modprobe bttv (normally bttv is being loaded automatically by kmod)
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx (or just place dvb-bt8xx in /etc/modules for automatic loading)
Then place a line in /etc/modules containing this text:
dvb-bt8xx
Reboot your system and have fun!
3b) TwinHan and Clones
--------------------------
$ modprobe bttv i2c_hw=1 card=0x71
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx
$ modprobe dst
The value 0x71 will override the PCI type detection for dvb-bt8xx,
which is necessary for TwinHan cards.
If you're having an older card (blue color circuit) and card=0x71 locks
your machine, try using 0x68, too. If that does not work, ask on the
mailing list.
The DST module takes a couple of useful parameters.
verbose takes values 0 to 4. These values control the verbosity level,
and can be used to debug also.
verbose=0 means complete disabling of messages
1 only error messages are displayed
2 notifications are also displayed
3 informational messages are also displayed
4 debug setting
dst_addons takes values 0 and 0x20. A value of 0 means it is a FTA card.
0x20 means it has a Conditional Access slot.
The autodected values are determined bythe cards 'response
string' which you can see in your logs e.g.
dst_get_device_id: Recognise [DSTMCI]
--
Authors: Richard Walker, Jamie Honan, Michael Hunold, Manu Abraham, Uwe Bugla
Authors: Richard Walker, Jamie Honan, Michael Hunold, Manu Abraham
Documentation/dvb/ci.txt
+1 -8
View File
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ This application requires the following to function properly as of now.
eg: $ szap -c channels.conf -r "TMC" -x
(b) a channels.conf containing a valid PMT PID
eg: TMC:11996:h:0:27500:278:512:650:321
here 278 is a valid PMT PID. the rest of the values are the
@@ -31,13 +30,7 @@ This application requires the following to function properly as of now.
(c) after running a szap, you have to run ca_zap, for the
descrambler to function,
eg: $ ca_zap patched_channels.conf "TMC"
The patched means a patch to apply to scan, such that scan can
generate a channels.conf_with pmt, which has this PMT PID info
(NOTE: szap cannot use this channels.conf with the PMT_PID)
eg: $ ca_zap channels.conf "TMC"
(d) Hopeflly Enjoy your favourite subscribed channel as you do with
a FTA card.
Documentation/exception.txt
+1 -1
View File
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ To protect itself the kernel has to verify this address.
In older versions of Linux this was done with the
int verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size)
function.
function (which has since been replaced by access_ok()).
This function verified that the memory area starting at address
addr and of size size was accessible for the operation specified
Documentation/fb/cyblafb/bugs
+14
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
Bugs
====
I currently don't know of any bug. Please do send reports to:
- linux-fbdev-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
- Knut_Petersen@t-online.de.
Untested features
=================
All LCD stuff is untested. If it worked in tridentfb, it should work in
cyblafb. Please test and report the results to Knut_Petersen@t-online.de.
Documentation/fb/cyblafb/credits
+7
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
Thanks to
=========
* Alan Hourihane, for writing the X trident driver
* Jani Monoses, for writing the tridentfb driver
* Antonino A. Daplas, for review of the first published
version of cyblafb and some code
* Jochen Hein, for testing and a helpfull bug report
Documentation/fb/cyblafb/documentation
+17
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
Available Documentation
=======================
Apollo PLE 133 Chipset VT8601A North Bridge Datasheet, Rev. 1.82, October 22,
2001, available from VIA:
http://www.viavpsd.com/product/6/15/DS8601A182.pdf
The datasheet is incomplete, some registers that need to be programmed are not
explained at all and important bits are listed as "reserved". But you really
need the datasheet to understand the code. "p. xxx" comments refer to page
numbers of this document.
XFree/XOrg drivers are available and of good quality, looking at the code
there is a good idea if the datasheet does not provide enough information
or if the datasheet seems to be wrong.

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