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Linux-2.6.12-rc2

Browse Source 
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
commit 1da177e4c3
17291 changed files with 6718755 additions and 0 deletions
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Documentation/s390/3270.ChangeLog
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ChangeLog for the UTS Global 3270-support patch
Sep 2002: Get bootup colors right on 3270 console
* In tubttybld.c, substantially revise ESC processing so that
ESC sequences (especially coloring ones) and the strings
they affect work as right as 3270 can get them. Also, set
screen height to omit the two rows used for input area, in
tty3270_open() in tubtty.c.
Sep 2002: Dynamically get 3270 input buffer
* Oversize 3270 screen widths may exceed GEOM_MAXINPLEN columns,
so get input-area buffer dynamically when sizing the device in
tubmakemin() in tuball.c (if it's the console) or tty3270_open()
in tubtty.c (if needed). Change tubp->tty_input to be a
pointer rather than an array, in tubio.h.
Sep 2002: Fix tubfs kmalloc()s
* Do read and write lengths correctly in fs3270_read()
and fs3270_write(), whilst never asking kmalloc()
for more than 0x800 bytes. Affects tubfs.c and tubio.h.
Sep 2002: Recognize 3270 control unit type 3174
* Recognize control-unit type 0x3174 as well as 0x327?.
The IBM 2047 device emulates a 3174 control unit.
Modularize control-unit recognition in tuball.c by
adding and invoking new tub3270_is_ours().
Apr 2002: Fix 3270 console reboot loop
* (Belated log entry) Fixed reboot loop if 3270 console,
in tubtty.c:ttu3270_bh().
Feb 6, 2001:
* This changelog is new
* tub3270 now supports 3270 console:
Specify y for CONFIG_3270 and y for CONFIG_3270_CONSOLE.
Support for 3215 will not appear if 3270 console support
is chosen.
NOTE: The default is 3270 console support, NOT 3215.
* the components are remodularized: added source modules are
tubttybld.c and tubttyscl.c, for screen-building code and
scroll-timeout code.
* tub3270 source for this (2.4.0) version is #ifdeffed to
build with both 2.4.0 and 2.2.16.2.
* color support and minimal other ESC-sequence support is added.
Documentation/s390/3270.txt
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IBM 3270 Display System support
This file describes the driver that supports local channel attachment
of IBM 3270 devices. It consists of three sections:
* Introduction
* Installation
* Operation
INTRODUCTION.
This paper describes installing and operating 3270 devices under
Linux/390. A 3270 device is a block-mode rows-and-columns terminal of
which I'm sure hundreds of millions were sold by IBM and clonemakers
twenty and thirty years ago.
You may have 3270s in-house and not know it. If you're using the
VM-ESA operating system, define a 3270 to your virtual machine by using
the command "DEF GRAF <hex-address>" This paper presumes you will be
defining four 3270s with the CP/CMS commands
DEF GRAF 620
DEF GRAF 621
DEF GRAF 622
DEF GRAF 623
Your network connection from VM-ESA allows you to use x3270, tn3270, or
another 3270 emulator, started from an xterm window on your PC or
workstation. With the DEF GRAF command, an application such as xterm,
and this Linux-390 3270 driver, you have another way of talking to your
Linux box.
This paper covers installation of the driver and operation of a
dialed-in x3270.
INSTALLATION.
You install the driver by installing a patch, doing a kernel build, and
running the configuration script (config3270.sh, in this directory).
WARNING: If you are using 3270 console support, you must rerun the
configuration script every time you change the console's address (perhaps
by using the condev= parameter in silo's /boot/parmfile). More precisely,
you should rerun the configuration script every time your set of 3270s,
including the console 3270, changes subchannel identifier relative to
one another. ReIPL as soon as possible after running the configuration
script and the resulting /tmp/mkdev3270.
If you have chosen to make tub3270 a module, you add a line to
/etc/modprobe.conf. If you are working on a VM virtual machine, you
can use DEF GRAF to define virtual 3270 devices.
You may generate both 3270 and 3215 console support, or one or the
other, or neither. If you generate both, the console type under VM is
not changed. Use #CP Q TERM to see what the current console type is.
Use #CP TERM CONMODE 3270 to change it to 3270. If you generate only
3270 console support, then the driver automatically converts your console
at boot time to a 3270 if it is a 3215.
In brief, these are the steps:
1. Install the tub3270 patch
2. (If a module) add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf
3. (If VM) define devices with DEF GRAF
4. Reboot
5. Configure
To test that everything works, assuming VM and x3270,
1. Bring up an x3270 window.
2. Use the DIAL command in that window.
3. You should immediately see a Linux login screen.
Here are the installation steps in detail:
1. The 3270 driver is a part of the official Linux kernel
source. Build a tree with the kernel source and any necessary
patches. Then do
make oldconfig
(If you wish to disable 3215 console support, edit
.config; change CONFIG_TN3215's value to "n";
and rerun "make oldconfig".)
make image
make modules
make modules_install
2. (Perform this step only if you have configured tub3270 as a
module.) Add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf to automatically
load the driver when it's needed. With this line added,
you will see login prompts appear on your 3270s as soon as
boot is complete (or with emulated 3270s, as soon as you dial
into your vm guest using the command "DIAL <vmguestname>").
Since the line-mode major number is 227, the line to add to
/etc/modprobe.conf should be:
alias char-major-227 tub3270
3. Define graphic devices to your vm guest machine, if you
haven't already. Define them before you reboot (reipl):
DEFINE GRAF 620
DEFINE GRAF 621
DEFINE GRAF 622
DEFINE GRAF 623
4. Reboot. The reboot process scans hardware devices, including
3270s, and this enables the tub3270 driver once loaded to respond
correctly to the configuration requests of the next step. If
you have chosen 3270 console support, your console now behaves
as a 3270, not a 3215.
5. Run the 3270 configuration script config3270. It is
distributed in this same directory, Documentation/s390, as
config3270.sh. Inspect the output script it produces,
/tmp/mkdev3270, and then run that script. This will create the
necessary character special device files and make the necessary
changes to /etc/inittab. If you have selected DEVFS, the driver
itself creates the device files, and /tmp/mkdev3270 only changes
/etc/inittab.
Then notify /sbin/init that /etc/inittab has changed, by issuing
the telinit command with the q operand:
cd Documentation/s390
sh config3270.sh
sh /tmp/mkdev3270
telinit q
This should be sufficient for your first time. If your 3270
configuration has changed and you're reusing config3270, you
should follow these steps:
Change 3270 configuration
Reboot
Run config3270 and /tmp/mkdev3270
Reboot
Here are the testing steps in detail:
1. Bring up an x3270 window, or use an actual hardware 3278 or
3279, or use the 3270 emulator of your choice. You would be
running the emulator on your PC or workstation. You would use
the command, for example,
x3270 vm-esa-domain-name &
if you wanted a 3278 Model 4 with 43 rows of 80 columns, the
default model number. The driver does not take advantage of
extended attributes.
The screen you should now see contains a VM logo with input
lines near the bottom. Use TAB to move to the bottom line,
probably labeled "COMMAND ===>".
2. Use the DIAL command instead of the LOGIN command to connect
to one of the virtual 3270s you defined with the DEF GRAF
commands:
dial my-vm-guest-name
3. You should immediately see a login prompt from your
Linux-390 operating system. If that does not happen, you would
see instead the line "DIALED TO my-vm-guest-name 0620".
To troubleshoot: do these things.
A. Is the driver loaded? Use the lsmod command (no operands)
to find out. Probably it isn't. Try loading it manually, with
the command "insmod tub3270". Does that command give error
messages? Ha! There's your problem.
B. Is the /etc/inittab file modified as in installation step 3
above? Use the grep command to find out; for instance, issue
"grep 3270 /etc/inittab". Nothing found? There's your
problem!
C. Are the device special files created, as in installation
step 2 above? Use the ls -l command to find out; for instance,
issue "ls -l /dev/3270/tty620". The output should start with the
letter "c" meaning character device and should contain "227, 1"
just to the left of the device name. No such file? no "c"?
Wrong major number? Wrong minor number? There's your
problem!
D. Do you get the message
"HCPDIA047E my-vm-guest-name 0620 does not exist"?
If so, you must issue the command "DEF GRAF 620" from your VM
3215 console and then reboot the system.
OPERATION.
The driver defines three areas on the 3270 screen: the log area, the
input area, and the status area.
The log area takes up all but the bottom two lines of the screen. The
driver writes terminal output to it, starting at the top line and going
down. When it fills, the status area changes from "Linux Running" to
"Linux More...". After a scrolling timeout of (default) 5 sec, the
screen clears and more output is written, from the top down.
The input area extends from the beginning of the second-to-last screen
line to the start of the status area. You type commands in this area
and hit ENTER to execute them.
The status area initializes to "Linux Running" to give you a warm
fuzzy feeling. When the log area fills up and output awaits, it
changes to "Linux More...". At this time you can do several things or
nothing. If you do nothing, the screen will clear in (default) 5 sec
and more output will appear. You may hit ENTER with nothing typed in
the input area to toggle between "Linux More..." and "Linux Holding",
which indicates no scrolling will occur. (If you hit ENTER with "Linux
Running" and nothing typed, the application receives a newline.)
You may change the scrolling timeout value. For example, the following
command line:
echo scrolltime=60 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
changes the scrolling timeout value to 60 sec. Set scrolltime to 0 if
you wish to prevent scrolling entirely.
Other things you may do when the log area fills up are: hit PA2 to
clear the log area and write more output to it, or hit CLEAR to clear
the log area and the input area and write more output to the log area.
Some of the Program Function (PF) and Program Attention (PA) keys are
preassigned special functions. The ones that are not yield an alarm
when pressed.
PA1 causes a SIGINT to the currently running application. You may do
the same thing from the input area, by typing "^C" and hitting ENTER.
PA2 causes the log area to be cleared. If output awaits, it is then
written to the log area.
PF3 causes an EOF to be received as input by the application. You may
cause an EOF also by typing "^D" and hitting ENTER.
No PF key is preassigned to cause a job suspension, but you may cause a
job suspension by typing "^Z" and hitting ENTER. You may wish to
assign this function to a PF key. To make PF7 cause job suspension,
execute the command:
echo pf7=^z > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
If the input you type does not end with the two characters "^n", the
driver appends a newline character and sends it to the tty driver;
otherwise the driver strips the "^n" and does not append a newline.
The IBM 3215 driver behaves similarly.
Pf10 causes the most recent command to be retrieved from the tube's
command stack (default depth 20) and displayed in the input area. You
may hit PF10 again for the next-most-recent command, and so on. A
command is entered into the stack only when the input area is not made
invisible (such as for password entry) and it is not identical to the
current top entry. PF10 rotates backward through the command stack;
PF11 rotates forward. You may assign the backward function to any PF
key (or PA key, for that matter), say, PA3, with the command:
echo -e pa3=\\033k > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
This assigns the string ESC-k to PA3. Similarly, the string ESC-j
performs the forward function. (Rationale: In bash with vi-mode line
editing, ESC-k and ESC-j retrieve backward and forward history.
Suggestions welcome.)
Is a stack size of twenty commands not to your liking? Change it on
the fly. To change to saving the last 100 commands, execute the
command:
echo recallsize=100 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
Have a command you issue frequently? Assign it to a PF or PA key! Use
the command
echo pf24="mkdir foobar; cd foobar" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
to execute the commands mkdir foobar and cd foobar immediately when you
hit PF24. Want to see the command line first, before you execute it?
Use the -n option of the echo command:
echo -n pf24="mkdir foo; cd foo" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
Happy testing! I welcome any and all comments about this document, the
driver, etc etc.
Dick Hitt <rbh00@utsglobal.com>
Documentation/s390/CommonIO
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S/390 common I/O-Layer - command line parameters and /proc entries
==================================================================
Command line parameters
-----------------------
* cio_msg = yes | no
Determines whether information on found devices and sensed device
characteristics should be shown during startup, i. e. messages of the types
"Detected device 0.0.4711 on subchannel 0.0.0042" and "SenseID: Device
0.0.4711 reports: ...".
Default is off.
* cio_ignore = {all} |
{<device> | <range of devices>} |
{!<device> | !<range of devices>}
The given devices will be ignored by the common I/O-layer; no detection
and device sensing will be done on any of those devices. The subchannel to
which the device in question is attached will be treated as if no device was
attached.
An ignored device can be un-ignored later; see the "/proc entries"-section for
details.
The devices must be given either as bus ids (0.0.abcd) or as hexadecimal
device numbers (0xabcd or abcd, for 2.4 backward compatibility).
You can use the 'all' keyword to ignore all devices.
The '!' operator will cause the I/O-layer to _not_ ignore a device.
The order on the command line is not important.
For example,
cio_ignore=0.0.0023-0.0.0042,0.0.4711
will ignore all devices ranging from 0.0.0023 to 0.0.0042 and the device
0.0.4711, if detected.
As another example,
cio_ignore=all,!0.0.4711,!0.0.fd00-0.0.fd02
will ignore all devices but 0.0.4711, 0.0.fd00, 0.0.fd01, 0.0.fd02.
By default, no devices are ignored.
/proc entries
-------------
* /proc/cio_ignore
Lists the ranges of devices (by bus id) which are ignored by common I/O.
You can un-ignore certain or all devices by piping to /proc/cio_ignore.
"free all" will un-ignore all ignored devices,
"free <device range>, <device range>, ..." will un-ignore the specified
devices.
For example, if devices 0.0.0023 to 0.0.0042 and 0.0.4711 are ignored,
- echo free 0.0.0030-0.0.0032 > /proc/cio_ignore
will un-ignore devices 0.0.0030 to 0.0.0032 and will leave devices 0.0.0023
to 0.0.002f, 0.0.0033 to 0.0.0042 and 0.0.4711 ignored;
- echo free 0.0.0041 > /proc/cio_ignore will furthermore un-ignore device
0.0.0041;
- echo free all > /proc/cio_ignore will un-ignore all remaining ignored
devices.
When a device is un-ignored, device recognition and sensing is performed and
the device driver will be notified if possible, so the device will become
available to the system.
You can also add ranges of devices to be ignored by piping to
/proc/cio_ignore; "add <device range>, <device range>, ..." will ignore the
specified devices.
Note: Already known devices cannot be ignored.
For example, if device 0.0.abcd is already known and all other devices
0.0.a000-0.0.afff are not known,
"echo add 0.0.a000-0.0.accc, 0.0.af00-0.0.afff > /proc/cio_ignore"
will add 0.0.a000-0.0.abcc, 0.0.abce-0.0.accc and 0.0.af00-0.0.afff to the
list of ignored devices and skip 0.0.abcd.
The devices can be specified either by bus id (0.0.abcd) or, for 2.4 backward
compatibilty, by the device number in hexadecimal (0xabcd or abcd).
* /proc/s390dbf/cio_*/ (S/390 debug feature)
Some views generated by the debug feature to hold various debug outputs.
- /proc/s390dbf/cio_crw/sprintf
Messages from the processing of pending channel report words (machine check
handling), which will also show when CONFIG_DEBUG_CRW is defined.
- /proc/s390dbf/cio_msg/sprintf
Various debug messages from the common I/O-layer; generally, messages which
will also show when CONFIG_DEBUG_IO is defined.
- /proc/s390dbf/cio_trace/hex_ascii
Logs the calling of functions in the common I/O-layer and, if applicable,
which subchannel they were called for.
The level of logging can be changed to be more or less verbose by piping to
/proc/s390dbf/cio_*/level a number between 0 and 6; see the documentation on
the S/390 debug feature (Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt) for details.
* For some of the information present in the /proc filesystem in 2.4 (namely,
/proc/subchannels and /proc/chpids), see driver-model.txt.
Information formerly in /proc/irq_count is now in /proc/interrupts.
Documentation/s390/DASD
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DASD device driver
S/390's disk devices (DASDs) are managed by Linux via the DASD device
driver. It is valid for all types of DASDs and represents them to
Linux as block devices, namely "dd". Currently the DASD driver uses a
single major number (254) and 4 minor numbers per volume (1 for the
physical volume and 3 for partitions). With respect to partitions see
below. Thus you may have up to 64 DASD devices in your system.
The kernel parameter 'dasd=from-to,...' may be issued arbitrary times
in the kernel's parameter line or not at all. The 'from' and 'to'
parameters are to be given in hexadecimal notation without a leading
0x.
If you supply kernel parameters the different instances are processed
in order of appearance and a minor number is reserved for any device
covered by the supplied range up to 64 volumes. Additional DASDs are
ignored. If you do not supply the 'dasd=' kernel parameter at all, the
DASD driver registers all supported DASDs of your system to a minor
number in ascending order of the subchannel number.
The driver currently supports ECKD-devices and there are stubs for
support of the FBA and CKD architectures. For the FBA architecture
only some smart data structures are missing to make the support
complete.
We performed our testing on 3380 and 3390 type disks of different
sizes, under VM and on the bare hardware (LPAR), using internal disks
of the multiprise as well as a RAMAC virtual array. Disks exported by
an Enterprise Storage Server (Seascape) should work fine as well.
We currently implement one partition per volume, which is the whole
volume, skipping the first blocks up to the volume label. These are
reserved for IPL records and IBM's volume label to assure
accessibility of the DASD from other OSs. In a later stage we will
provide support of partitions, maybe VTOC oriented or using a kind of
partition table in the label record.
USAGE
-Low-level format (?CKD only)
For using an ECKD-DASD as a Linux harddisk you have to low-level
format the tracks by issuing the BLKDASDFORMAT-ioctl on that
device. This will erase any data on that volume including IBM volume
labels, VTOCs etc. The ioctl may take a 'struct format_data *' or
'NULL' as an argument.
typedef struct {
int start_unit;
int stop_unit;
int blksize;
} format_data_t;
When a NULL argument is passed to the BLKDASDFORMAT ioctl the whole
disk is formatted to a blocksize of 1024 bytes. Otherwise start_unit
and stop_unit are the first and last track to be formatted. If
stop_unit is -1 it implies that the DASD is formatted from start_unit
up to the last track. blksize can be any power of two between 512 and
4096. We recommend no blksize lower than 1024 because the ext2fs uses
1kB blocks anyway and you gain approx. 50% of capacity increasing your
blksize from 512 byte to 1kB.
-Make a filesystem
Then you can mk??fs the filesystem of your choice on that volume or
partition. For reasons of sanity you should build your filesystem on
the partition /dev/dd?1 instead of the whole volume. You only lose 3kB
but may be sure that you can reuse your data after introduction of a
real partition table.
BUGS:
- Performance sometimes is rather low because we don't fully exploit clustering
TODO-List:
- Add IBM'S Disk layout to genhd
- Enhance driver to use more than one major number
- Enable usage as a module
- Support Cache fast write and DASD fast write (ECKD)
Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt
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Documentation/s390/TAPE
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Channel attached Tape device driver
-----------------------------WARNING-----------------------------------------
This driver is considered to be EXPERIMENTAL. Do NOT use it in
production environments. Feel free to test it and report problems back to us.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The LINUX for zSeries tape device driver manages channel attached tape drives
which are compatible to IBM 3480 or IBM 3490 magnetic tape subsystems. This
includes various models of these devices (for example the 3490E).
Tape driver features
The device driver supports a maximum of 128 tape devices.
No official LINUX device major number is assigned to the zSeries tape device
driver. It allocates major numbers dynamically and reports them on system
startup.
Typically it will get major number 254 for both the character device front-end
and the block device front-end.
The tape device driver needs no kernel parameters. All supported devices
present are detected on driver initialization at system startup or module load.
The devices detected are ordered by their subchannel numbers. The device with
the lowest subchannel number becomes device 0, the next one will be device 1
and so on.
Tape character device front-end
The usual way to read or write to the tape device is through the character
device front-end. The zSeries tape device driver provides two character devices
for each physical device -- the first of these will rewind automatically when
it is closed, the second will not rewind automatically.
The character device nodes are named /dev/rtibm0 (rewinding) and /dev/ntibm0
(non-rewinding) for the first device, /dev/rtibm1 and /dev/ntibm1 for the
second, and so on.
The character device front-end can be used as any other LINUX tape device. You
can write to it and read from it using LINUX facilities such as GNU tar. The
tool mt can be used to perform control operations, such as rewinding the tape
or skipping a file.
Most LINUX tape software should work with either tape character device.
Tape block device front-end
The tape device may also be accessed as a block device in read-only mode.
This could be used for software installation in the same way as it is used with
other operation systems on the zSeries platform (and most LINUX
distributions are shipped on compact disk using ISO9660 filesystems).
One block device node is provided for each physical device. These are named
/dev/btibm0 for the first device, /dev/btibm1 for the second and so on.
You should only use the ISO9660 filesystem on LINUX for zSeries tapes because
the physical tape devices cannot perform fast seeks and the ISO9660 system is
optimized for this situation.
Tape block device example
In this example a tape with an ISO9660 filesystem is created using the first
tape device. ISO9660 filesystem support must be built into your system kernel
for this.
The mt command is used to issue tape commands and the mkisofs command to
create an ISO9660 filesystem:
- create a LINUX directory (somedir) with the contents of the filesystem
mkdir somedir
cp contents somedir
- insert a tape
- ensure the tape is at the beginning
mt -f /dev/ntibm0 rewind
- set the blocksize of the character driver. The blocksize 2048 bytes
is commonly used on ISO9660 CD-Roms
mt -f /dev/ntibm0 setblk 2048
- write the filesystem to the character device driver
mkisofs -o /dev/ntibm0 somedir
- rewind the tape again
mt -f /dev/ntibm0 rewind
- Now you can mount your new filesystem as a block device:
mount -t iso9660 -o ro,block=2048 /dev/btibm0 /mnt
TODO List
- Driver has to be stabilized still
BUGS
This driver is considered BETA, which means some weaknesses may still
be in it.
If an error occurs which cannot be handled by the code you will get a
sense-data dump.In that case please do the following:
1. set the tape driver debug level to maximum:
echo 6 >/proc/s390dbf/tape/level
2. re-perform the actions which produced the bug. (Hopefully the bug will
reappear.)
3. get a snapshot from the debug-feature:
cat /proc/s390dbf/tape/hex_ascii >somefile
4. Now put the snapshot together with a detailed description of the situation
that led to the bug:
- Which tool did you use?
- Which hardware do you have?
- Was your tape unit online?
- Is it a shared tape unit?
5. Send an email with your bug report to:
mailto:Linux390@de.ibm.com
Documentation/s390/cds.txt
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Documentation/s390/config3270.sh
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#!/bin/sh
#
# config3270 -- Autoconfigure /dev/3270/* and /etc/inittab
#
# Usage:
# config3270
#
# Output:
# /tmp/mkdev3270
#
# Operation:
# 1. Run this script
# 2. Run the script it produces: /tmp/mkdev3270
# 3. Issue "telinit q" or reboot, as appropriate.
#
P=/proc/tty/driver/tty3270
ROOT=
D=$ROOT/dev
SUBD=3270
TTY=$SUBD/tty
TUB=$SUBD/tub
SCR=$ROOT/tmp/mkdev3270
SCRTMP=$SCR.a
GETTYLINE=:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty
INITTAB=$ROOT/etc/inittab
NINITTAB=$ROOT/etc/NEWinittab
OINITTAB=$ROOT/etc/OLDinittab
ADDNOTE=\\"# Additional mingettys for the 3270/tty* driver, tub3270 ---\\"
if ! ls $P > /dev/null 2>&1; then
modprobe tub3270 > /dev/null 2>&1
fi
ls $P > /dev/null 2>&1 || exit 1
# Initialize two files, one for /dev/3270 commands and one
# to replace the /etc/inittab file (old one saved in OLDinittab)
echo "#!/bin/sh" > $SCR || exit 1
echo " " >> $SCR
echo "# Script built by /sbin/config3270" >> $SCR
if [ ! -d /dev/dasd ]; then
echo rm -rf "$D/$SUBD/*" >> $SCR
fi
echo "grep -v $TTY $INITTAB > $NINITTAB" > $SCRTMP || exit 1
echo "echo $ADDNOTE >> $NINITTAB" >> $SCRTMP
if [ ! -d /dev/dasd ]; then
echo mkdir -p $D/$SUBD >> $SCR
fi
# Now query the tub3270 driver for 3270 device information
# and add appropriate mknod and mingetty lines to our files
echo what=config > $P
while read devno maj min;do
if [ $min = 0 ]; then
fsmaj=$maj
if [ ! -d /dev/dasd ]; then
echo mknod $D/$TUB c $fsmaj 0 >> $SCR
echo chmod 666 $D/$TUB >> $SCR
fi
elif [ $maj = CONSOLE ]; then
if [ ! -d /dev/dasd ]; then
echo mknod $D/$TUB$devno c $fsmaj $min >> $SCR
fi
else
if [ ! -d /dev/dasd ]; then
echo mknod $D/$TTY$devno c $maj $min >>$SCR
echo mknod $D/$TUB$devno c $fsmaj $min >> $SCR
fi
echo "echo t$min$GETTYLINE $TTY$devno >> $NINITTAB" >> $SCRTMP
fi
done < $P
echo mv $INITTAB $OINITTAB >> $SCRTMP || exit 1
echo mv $NINITTAB $INITTAB >> $SCRTMP
cat $SCRTMP >> $SCR
rm $SCRTMP
exit 0
Documentation/s390/crypto/crypto-API.txt
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crypto-API support for z990 Message Security Assist (MSA) instructions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
AUTHOR: Thomas Spatzier (tspat@de.ibm.com)
1. Introduction crypto-API
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
See Documentation/crypto/api-intro.txt for an introduction/description of the
kernel crypto API.
According to api-intro.txt support for z990 crypto instructions has been added
in the algorithm api layer of the crypto API. Several files containing z990
optimized implementations of crypto algorithms are placed in the
arch/s390/crypto directory.
2. Probing for availability of MSA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It should be possible to use Kernels with the z990 crypto implementations both
on machines with MSA available an on those without MSA (pre z990 or z990
without MSA). Therefore a simple probing mechanisms has been implemented:
In the init function of each crypto module the availability of MSA and of the
respective crypto algorithm in particular will be tested. If the algorithm is
available the module will load and register its algorithm with the crypto API.
If the respective crypto algorithm is not available, the init function will
return -ENOSYS. In that case a fallback to the standard software implementation
of the crypto algorithm must be taken ( -> the standard crypto modules are
also build when compiling the kernel).
3. Ensuring z990 crypto module preference
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If z990 crypto instructions are available the optimized modules should be
preferred instead of standard modules.
3.1. compiled-in modules
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
For compiled-in modules it has to be ensured that the z990 modules are linked
before the standard crypto modules. Then, on system startup the init functions
of z990 crypto modules will be called first and query for availability of z990
crypto instructions. If instruction is available, the z990 module will register
its crypto algorithm implementation -> the load of the standard module will fail
since the algorithm is already registered.
If z990 crypto instruction is not available the load of the z990 module will
fail -> the standard module will load and register its algorithm.
3.2. dynamic modules
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A system administrator has to take care of giving preference to z990 crypto
modules. If MSA is available appropriate lines have to be added to
/etc/modprobe.conf.
Example: z990 crypto instruction for SHA1 algorithm is available
add the following line to /etc/modprobe.conf (assuming the
z990 crypto modules for SHA1 is called sha1_z990):
alias sha1 sha1_z990
-> when the sha1 algorithm is requested through the crypto API
(which has a module autoloader) the z990 module will be loaded.
TBD: a userspace module probin mechanism
something like 'probe sha1 sha1_z990 sha1' in modprobe.conf
-> try module sha1_z990, if it fails to load load standard module sha1
the 'probe' statement is currently not supported in modprobe.conf
4. Currently implemented z990 crypto algorithms
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The following crypto algorithms with z990 MSA support are currently implemented.
The name of each algorithm under which it is registered in crypto API and the
name of the respective module is given in square brackets.
- SHA1 Digest Algorithm [sha1 -> sha1_z990]
- DES Encrypt/Decrypt Algorithm (64bit key) [des -> des_z990]
- Tripple DES Encrypt/Decrypt Algorithm (128bit key) [des3_ede128 -> des_z990]
- Tripple DES Encrypt/Decrypt Algorithm (192bit key) [des3_ede -> des_z990]
In order to load, for example, the sha1_z990 module when the sha1 algorithm is
requested (see 3.2.) add 'alias sha1 sha1_z990' to /etc/modprobe.conf.
Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt
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S/390 driver model interfaces
-----------------------------
1. CCW devices
--------------
All devices which can be addressed by means of ccws are called 'CCW devices' -
even if they aren't actually driven by ccws.
All ccw devices are accessed via a subchannel, this is reflected in the
structures under root/:
root/
- sys
- legacy
- css0/
- 0.0.0000/0.0.0815/
- 0.0.0001/0.0.4711/
- 0.0.0002/
...
In this example, device 0815 is accessed via subchannel 0, device 4711 via
subchannel 1, and subchannel 2 is a non-I/O subchannel.
You should address a ccw device via its bus id (e.g. 0.0.4711); the device can
be found under bus/ccw/devices/.
All ccw devices export some data via sysfs.
cutype: The control unit type / model.
devtype: The device type / model, if applicable.
availability: Can be 'good' or 'boxed'; 'no path' or 'no device' for
disconnected devices.
online: An interface to set the device online and offline.
In the special case of the device being disconnected (see the
notify function under 1.2), piping 0 to online will focibly delete
the device.
The device drivers can add entries to export per-device data and interfaces.
There is also some data exported on a per-subchannel basis (see under
bus/css/devices/):
chpids: Via which chpids the device is connected.
pimpampom: The path installed, path available and path operational masks.
There also might be additional data, for example for block devices.
1.1 Bringing up a ccw device
----------------------------
This is done in several steps.
a. Each driver can provide one or more parameter interfaces where parameters can
be specified. These interfaces are also in the driver's responsibility.
b. After a. has been performed, if necessary, the device is finally brought up
via the 'online' interface.
1.2 Writing a driver for ccw devices
------------------------------------
The basic struct ccw_device and struct ccw_driver data structures can be found
under include/asm/ccwdev.h.
struct ccw_device {
spinlock_t *ccwlock;
struct ccw_device_private *private;
struct ccw_device_id id;
struct ccw_driver *drv;
struct device dev;
int online;
void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm,
struct irb *irb);
};
struct ccw_driver {
struct module *owner;
struct ccw_device_id *ids;
int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *);
int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *);
int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *);
int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *);
int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int);
struct device_driver driver;
char *name;
};
The 'private' field contains data needed for internal i/o operation only, and
is not available to the device driver.
Each driver should declare in a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE into which CU types/models
and/or device types/models it is interested. This information can later be found
found in the struct ccw_device_id fields:
struct ccw_device_id {
__u16 match_flags;
__u16 cu_type;
__u16 dev_type;
__u8 cu_model;
__u8 dev_model;
unsigned long driver_info;
};
The functions in ccw_driver should be used in the following way:
probe: This function is called by the device layer for each device the driver
is interested in. The driver should only allocate private structures
to put in dev->driver_data and create attributes (if needed). Also,
the interrupt handler (see below) should be set here.
int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *cdev);
Parameters: cdev - the device to be probed.
remove: This function is called by the device layer upon removal of the driver,
the device or the module. The driver should perform cleanups here.
int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *cdev);
Parameters: cdev - the device to be removed.
set_online: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is
activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should finally
setup and activate the device here.
int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *);
Parameters: cdev - the device to be activated. The common layer has
verified that the device is not already online.
set_offline: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is
de-activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should shut
down the device, but not de-allocate its private data.
int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *);
Parameters: cdev - the device to be deactivated. The common layer has
verified that the device is online.
notify: This function is called by the common I/O layer for some state changes
of the device.
Signalled to the driver are:
* In online state, device detached (CIO_GONE) or last path gone
(CIO_NO_PATH). The driver must return !0 to keep the device; for
return code 0, the device will be deleted as usual (also when no
notify function is registerd). If the driver wants to keep the
device, it is moved into disconnected state.
* In disconnected state, device operational again (CIO_OPER). The
common I/O layer performs some sanity checks on device number and
Device / CU to be reasonably sure if it is still the same device.
If not, the old device is removed and a new one registered. By the
return code of the notify function the device driver signals if it
wants the device back: !0 for keeping, 0 to make the device being
removed and re-registered.
int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int);
Parameters: cdev - the device whose state changed.
event - the event that happened. This can be one of CIO_GONE,
CIO_NO_PATH or CIO_OPER.
The handler field of the struct ccw_device is meant to be set to the interrupt
handler for the device. In order to accommodate drivers which use several
distinct handlers (e.g. multi subchannel devices), this is a member of ccw_device
instead of ccw_driver.
The handler is registered with the common layer during set_online() processing
before the driver is called, and is deregistered during set_offline() after the
driver has been called. Also, after registering / before deregistering, path
grouping resp. disbanding of the path group (if applicable) are performed.
void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm, struct irb *irb);
Parameters: dev - the device the handler is called for
intparm - the intparm which allows the device driver to identify
the i/o the interrupt is associated with, or to recognize
the interrupt as unsolicited.
irb - interruption response block which contains the accumulated
status.
The device driver is called from the common ccw_device layer and can retrieve
information about the interrupt from the irb parameter.
1.3 ccwgroup devices
--------------------
The ccwgroup mechanism is designed to handle devices consisting of multiple ccw
devices, like lcs or ctc.
The ccw driver provides a 'group' attribute. Piping bus ids of ccw devices to
this attributes creates a ccwgroup device consisting of these ccw devices (if
possible). This ccwgroup device can be set online or offline just like a normal
ccw device.
Each ccwgroup device also provides an 'ungroup' attribute to destroy the device
again (only when offline). This is a generic ccwgroup mechanism (the driver does
not need to implement anything beyond normal removal routines).
To implement a ccwgroup driver, please refer to include/asm/ccwgroup.h. Keep in
mind that most drivers will need to implement both a ccwgroup and a ccw driver
(unless you have a meta ccw driver, like cu3088 for lcs and ctc).
2. Channel paths
-----------------
Channel paths show up, like subchannels, under the channel subsystem root (css0)
and are called 'chp0.<chpid>'. They have no driver and do not belong to any bus.
Please note, that unlike /proc/chpids in 2.4, the channel path objects reflect
only the logical state and not the physical state, since we cannot track the
latter consistently due to lacking machine support (we don't need to be aware
of anyway).
status - Can be 'online' or 'offline'.
Piping 'on' or 'off' sets the chpid logically online/offline.
Piping 'on' to an online chpid triggers path reprobing for all devices
the chpid connects to. This can be used to force the kernel to re-use
a channel path the user knows to be online, but the machine hasn't
created a machine check for.
3. System devices
-----------------
Note: cpus may yet be added here.
3.1 xpram
---------
xpram shows up under sys/ as 'xpram'.
4. Other devices
----------------
4.1 Netiucv
-----------
The netiucv driver creates an attribute 'connection' under
bus/iucv/drivers/netiucv. Piping to this attibute creates a new netiucv
connection to the specified host.
Netiucv connections show up under devices/iucv/ as "netiucv<ifnum>". The interface
number is assigned sequentially to the connections defined via the 'connection'
attribute.
user - shows the connection partner.
buffer - maximum buffer size.
Pipe to it to change buffer size.
Documentation/s390/monreader.txt
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Date : 2004-Nov-26
Author: Gerald Schaefer (geraldsc@de.ibm.com)
Linux API for read access to z/VM Monitor Records
=================================================
Description
===========
This item delivers a new Linux API in the form of a misc char device that is
useable from user space and allows read access to the z/VM Monitor Records
collected by the *MONITOR System Service of z/VM.
User Requirements
=================
The z/VM guest on which you want to access this API needs to be configured in
order to allow IUCV connections to the *MONITOR service, i.e. it needs the
IUCV *MONITOR statement in its user entry. If the monitor DCSS to be used is
restricted (likely), you also need the NAMESAVE <DCSS NAME> statement.
This item will use the IUCV device driver to access the z/VM services, so you
need a kernel with IUCV support. You also need z/VM version 4.4 or 5.1.
There are two options for being able to load the monitor DCSS (examples assume
that the monitor DCSS begins at 144 MB and ends at 152 MB). You can query the
location of the monitor DCSS with the Class E privileged CP command Q NSS MAP
(the values BEGPAG and ENDPAG are given in units of 4K pages).
See also "CP Command and Utility Reference" (SC24-6081-00) for more information
on the DEF STOR and Q NSS MAP commands, as well as "Saved Segments Planning
and Administration" (SC24-6116-00) for more information on DCSSes.
1st option:
-----------
You can use the CP command DEF STOR CONFIG to define a "memory hole" in your
guest virtual storage around the address range of the DCSS.
Example: DEF STOR CONFIG 0.140M 200M.200M
This defines two blocks of storage, the first is 140MB in size an begins at
address 0MB, the second is 200MB in size and begins at address 200MB,
resulting in a total storage of 340MB. Note that the first block should
always start at 0 and be at least 64MB in size.
2nd option:
-----------
Your guest virtual storage has to end below the starting address of the DCSS
and you have to specify the "mem=" kernel parameter in your parmfile with a
value greater than the ending address of the DCSS.
Example: DEF STOR 140M
This defines 140MB storage size for your guest, the parameter "mem=160M" is
added to the parmfile.
User Interface
==============
The char device is implemented as a kernel module named "monreader",
which can be loaded via the modprobe command, or it can be compiled into the
kernel instead. There is one optional module (or kernel) parameter, "mondcss",
to specify the name of the monitor DCSS. If the module is compiled into the
kernel, the kernel parameter "monreader.mondcss=<DCSS NAME>" can be specified
in the parmfile.
The default name for the DCSS is "MONDCSS" if none is specified. In case that
there are other users already connected to the *MONITOR service (e.g.
Performance Toolkit), the monitor DCSS is already defined and you have to use
the same DCSS. The CP command Q MONITOR (Class E privileged) shows the name
of the monitor DCSS, if already defined, and the users connected to the
*MONITOR service.
Refer to the "z/VM Performance" book (SC24-6109-00) on how to create a monitor
DCSS if your z/VM doesn't have one already, you need Class E privileges to
define and save a DCSS.
Example:
--------
modprobe monreader mondcss=MYDCSS
This loads the module and sets the DCSS name to "MYDCSS".
NOTE:
-----
This API provides no interface to control the *MONITOR service, e.g. specifiy
which data should be collected. This can be done by the CP command MONITOR
(Class E privileged), see "CP Command and Utility Reference".
Device nodes with udev:
-----------------------
After loading the module, a char device will be created along with the device
node /<udev directory>/monreader.
Device nodes without udev:
--------------------------
If your distribution does not support udev, a device node will not be created
automatically and you have to create it manually after loading the module.
Therefore you need to know the major and minor numbers of the device. These
numbers can be found in /sys/class/misc/monreader/dev.
Typing cat /sys/class/misc/monreader/dev will give an output of the form
<major>:<minor>. The device node can be created via the mknod command, enter
mknod <name> c <major> <minor>, where <name> is the name of the device node
to be created.
Example:
--------
# modprobe monreader
# cat /sys/class/misc/monreader/dev
10:63
# mknod /dev/monreader c 10 63
This loads the module with the default monitor DCSS (MONDCSS) and creates a
device node.
File operations:
----------------
The following file operations are supported: open, release, read, poll.
There are two alternative methods for reading: either non-blocking read in
conjunction with polling, or blocking read without polling. IOCTLs are not
supported.
Read:
-----
Reading from the device provides a 12 Byte monitor control element (MCE),
followed by a set of one or more contiguous monitor records (similar to the
output of the CMS utility MONWRITE without the 4K control blocks). The MCE
contains information on the type of the following record set (sample/event
data), the monitor domains contained within it and the start and end address
of the record set in the monitor DCSS. The start and end address can be used
to determine the size of the record set, the end address is the address of the
last byte of data. The start address is needed to handle "end-of-frame" records
correctly (domain 1, record 13), i.e. it can be used to determine the record
start offset relative to a 4K page (frame) boundary.
See "Appendix A: *MONITOR" in the "z/VM Performance" document for a description
of the monitor control element layout. The layout of the monitor records can
be found here (z/VM 5.1): http://www.vm.ibm.com/pubs/mon510/index.html
The layout of the data stream provided by the monreader device is as follows:
...
<0 byte read>
<first MCE> \
<first set of records> |
... |- data set
<last MCE> |
<last set of records> /
<0 byte read>
...
There may be more than one combination of MCE and corresponding record set
within one data set and the end of each data set is indicated by a successful
read with a return value of 0 (0 byte read).
Any received data must be considered invalid until a complete set was
read successfully, including the closing 0 byte read. Therefore you should
always read the complete set into a buffer before processing the data.
The maximum size of a data set can be as large as the size of the
monitor DCSS, so design the buffer adequately or use dynamic memory allocation.
The size of the monitor DCSS will be printed into syslog after loading the
module. You can also use the (Class E privileged) CP command Q NSS MAP to
list all available segments and information about them.
As with most char devices, error conditions are indicated by returning a
negative value for the number of bytes read. In this case, the errno variable
indicates the error condition:
EIO: reply failed, read data is invalid and the application
should discard the data read since the last successful read with 0 size.
EFAULT: copy_to_user failed, read data is invalid and the application should
discard the data read since the last successful read with 0 size.
EAGAIN: occurs on a non-blocking read if there is no data available at the
moment. There is no data missing or corrupted, just try again or rather
use polling for non-blocking reads.
EOVERFLOW: message limit reached, the data read since the last successful
read with 0 size is valid but subsequent records may be missing.
In the last case (EOVERFLOW) there may be missing data, in the first two cases
(EIO, EFAULT) there will be missing data. It's up to the application if it will
continue reading subsequent data or rather exit.
Open:
-----
Only one user is allowed to open the char device. If it is already in use, the
open function will fail (return a negative value) and set errno to EBUSY.
The open function may also fail if an IUCV connection to the *MONITOR service
cannot be established. In this case errno will be set to EIO and an error
message with an IPUSER SEVER code will be printed into syslog. The IPUSER SEVER
codes are described in the "z/VM Performance" book, Appendix A.
NOTE:
-----
As soon as the device is opened, incoming messages will be accepted and they
will account for the message limit, i.e. opening the device without reading
from it will provoke the "message limit reached" error (EOVERFLOW error code)
eventually.
Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt
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