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why3/examples/euler001.mlw
2024-12-07 09:01:55 +01:00

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(** {1 Euler Project, problem 1}
If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or
5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23.
Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000.*)
theory DivModHints
use int.Int
use int.ComputerDivision
let lemma mod_div_unique (x y q r:int)
requires { x >= 0 /\ y > 0 /\ x = q*y + r /\ 0 <= r < y }
ensures { q = div x y /\ r = mod x y }
= ()
let lemma mod_succ_1 (x y:int)
requires { x >= 0 /\ y > 0 }
requires { mod (x+1) y <> 0 }
ensures { mod (x+1) y = (mod x y) + 1 }
= mod_div_unique x y (div (x+1) y) (mod (x+1) y - 1)
let lemma mod_succ_2 (x y:int)
requires { x >= 0 /\ y > 0 }
requires { mod (x+1) y = 0 }
ensures { mod x y = y-1 }
= mod_div_unique x y (div (x + 1) y - 1) (0 + y - 1)
lemma div_succ_1 :
forall x y:int. x >= 0 /\ y > 0 ->
mod (x+1) y = 0 -> div (x+1) y = (div x y) + 1
lemma div_succ_2 :
forall x y:int. x >= 0 /\ y > 0 ->
mod (x+1) y <> 0 -> div (x+1) y = (div x y)
lemma mod2_mul2:
forall x:int. mod (2 * x) 2 = 0
lemma mod2_mul2_aux:
forall x y:int. mod (y * (2 * x)) 2 = 0
lemma mod2_mul2_aux2:
forall x y z t:int. mod (y * (2 * x) + z * (2 * t)) 2 = 0
lemma div2_mul2:
forall x:int. div (2 * x) 2 = x
lemma div2_mul2_aux:
forall x y:int. div (y * (2 * x)) 2 = y * x
lemma div2_add:
forall x y:int. mod x 2 = 0 /\ mod y 2 = 0 ->
div (x+y) 2 = div x 2 + div y 2
lemma div2_sub:
forall x y:int. mod x 2 = 0 /\ mod y 2 = 0 ->
div (x-y) 2 = div x 2 - div y 2
end
theory TriangularNumbers
use int.Int
use int.ComputerDivision
use int.Div2
use DivModHints as DMH
lemma tr_mod_2:
forall n:int. n >= 0 -> mod (n*(n+1)) 2 = 0
function tr (n:int) : int = div (n*(n+1)) 2
lemma tr_repr:
forall n:int. n >= 0 -> n*(n+1) = 2 * tr n
lemma tr_succ:
forall n:int. n >= 0 -> tr (n+1) = tr n + n + 1
end
theory SumMultiple
use int.Int
use int.ComputerDivision
(* [sum_multiple_3_5_lt n] is the sum of all the multiples
of 3 or 5 below n] *)
function sum_multiple_3_5_lt int : int
axiom SumEmpty: sum_multiple_3_5_lt 0 = 0
axiom SumNo : forall n:int. n >= 0 ->
mod n 3 <> 0 /\ mod n 5 <> 0 ->
sum_multiple_3_5_lt (n+1) = sum_multiple_3_5_lt n
axiom SumYes: forall n:int. n >= 0 ->
mod n 3 = 0 \/ mod n 5 = 0 ->
sum_multiple_3_5_lt (n+1) = sum_multiple_3_5_lt n + n
use TriangularNumbers
function closed_formula_aux (n:int) : int =
let n3 = div n 3 in
let n5 = div n 5 in
let n15 = div n 15 in
3 * tr n3 + 5 * tr n5 - 15 * tr n15
predicate p (n:int) = sum_multiple_3_5_lt (n+1) = closed_formula_aux n
use DivModHints as DMH
lemma mod_15:
forall n:int.
mod n 15 = 0 <-> mod n 3 = 0 /\ mod n 5 = 0
lemma Closed_formula_0: p 0
lemma Closed_formula_n:
forall n:int. n > 0 -> p (n-1) ->
mod n 3 <> 0 /\ mod n 5 <> 0 -> p n
lemma Closed_formula_n_3:
forall n:int. n > 0 -> p (n-1) ->
mod n 3 = 0 /\ mod n 5 <> 0 -> p n
lemma Closed_formula_n_5:
forall n:int. n > 0 -> p (n-1) ->
mod n 3 <> 0 /\ mod n 5 = 0 -> p n
lemma Closed_formula_n_15:
forall n:int. n > 0 -> p (n-1) ->
mod n 3 = 0 /\ mod n 5 = 0 -> p n
constant b : int = 0
clone int.Induction as I with constant bound = b, predicate p = p
lemma Closed_formula_ind:
forall n:int. 0 <= n -> p n
function closed_formula (n:int) : int =
let n3 = div n 3 in
let n5 = div n 5 in
let n15 = div n 15 in
div (3 * (n3 * (n3+1)) +
5 * (n5 * (n5+1)) -
15 * (n15 * (n15+1))) 2
lemma div_15: forall n:int. 0 <= n -> div n 15 >= 0
lemma div_5: forall n:int. 0 <= n -> div n 5 >= 0
lemma div_3: forall n:int. 0 <= n -> div n 3 >= 0
lemma Closed_Formula:
forall n:int. 0 <= n -> sum_multiple_3_5_lt (n+1) = closed_formula n
end
module Euler001
use SumMultiple
use int.Int
use mach.int.Int
let solve n
requires { n >= 1 }
ensures { result = sum_multiple_3_5_lt n }
= let n3 = (n-1) / 3 in
let n5 = (n-1) / 5 in
let n15 = (n-1) / 15 in
(3 * n3 * (n3+1) + 5 * n5 * (n5+1) - 15 * n15 * (n15+1)) / 2
(** Small test. Run it with
`why3 execute examples/euler001.mlw --use=Euler001 "run ()"`
Should return 233168.
*)
let run () = solve 1000
(** for the Why3 bench *)
exception BenchFailure
let bench () raises { BenchFailure -> true } =
let x = run () in
if x <> 233168 then raise BenchFailure;
x
(** for extraction *)
(*
use io.StdIO
use ref.Ref
let go () =
print_string "GO: ";
print_int (run ());
print_newline ()
*)
end