This adds options that guard the usage of "experimental" theories or
extensions thereof when `--safe-options` is enabled.
This includes bags, finite fields, separation logic, higher-order logic,
and extensions of arithmetic (including transcendentals, iand and pow2).
The options `--sets-exp` (renamed from `--sets-ext` in this PR) and
`--fp-exp` continue to be disabled by default, thus do not need to
change.
Similar to other expert options, these theories can still be used with
`safe-options` if they are enabled prior to setting `safe-options`, e.g.
`--ho-exp --safe-options ...` allows HOL to be used. The options
configuration will only override the setting of `*-exp` options if not
set by user.
This does not impact the behavior of cvc5 when `--safe-options` is not
set.
FYI @alex-ozdemir @mudathirmahgoub @yoni206 .
