This PR applies several changes required to compile cvc5 on Windows
ARM64 using MSYS2 CLANGARM64. In particular, `thread_local` class fields
and local function variables in classes and functions exported in the
API are not allowed, so they have been converted into global variables
within the compilation unit. Moreover, some functions in the cvc5 parser
library were using non-exported functions from the cvc5 base library.
This PR exports these functions and converts the ones that were inlined
into non-inlined functions to make them exportable.
Here is a summary of the results of running the cvc5 version in main and
in this branch:
```
config status total solved sat unsat best timeout memout error uniq dis time_cpu memory
main ee 450474 385375 173928 211447 256627 57617 719 5 36 0 18909500.3 42742499.9
pr ee 450474 385370 173923 211447 192564 57621 720 5 31 0 18914388.1 42779989.7
```
It seems that the Windows ARM64 changes do not significantly affect
solver performance compared to the main branch.
Unlike the previous approach in PR #11251, this solution ensures
platform independence by using PRI macros for formatted printing.
Additionally, this PR enables the `-Werror` flag in the CI build for
examples, ensuring that future warnings are caught as errors.
It addresses the following warnings triggered by clang on macOS:
```
warning: format specifies type 'long' but the argument has type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') [-Wformat]
printf("value for x: %ld/%lu\n", x_num, x_den);
~~~ ^~~~~
%lld
warning: format specifies type 'unsigned long' but the argument has type 'uint64_t' (aka 'unsigned long long') [-Wformat]
printf("value for x: %ld/%lu\n", x_num, x_den);
~~~ ^~~~~
%llu
```
This adds options that guard the usage of "experimental" theories or
extensions thereof when `--safe-options` is enabled.
This includes bags, finite fields, separation logic, higher-order logic,
and extensions of arithmetic (including transcendentals, iand and pow2).
The options `--sets-exp` (renamed from `--sets-ext` in this PR) and
`--fp-exp` continue to be disabled by default, thus do not need to
change.
Similar to other expert options, these theories can still be used with
`safe-options` if they are enabled prior to setting `safe-options`, e.g.
`--ho-exp --safe-options ...` allows HOL to be used. The options
configuration will only override the setting of `*-exp` options if not
set by user.
This does not impact the behavior of cvc5 when `--safe-options` is not
set.
FYI @alex-ozdemir @mudathirmahgoub @yoni206 .
Note that this fixes a serious problem with DTypeSelector::getName()
where the delimiting 0-byte for self selectors was included, which
caused cutting off the name string for C strings.
